Zodziwira matenda: Kuzindikira matenda nthawi isanathe

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Zodziwira matenda: Kuzindikira matenda nthawi isanathe

Zodziwira matenda: Kuzindikira matenda nthawi isanathe

Mutu waung'ono mawu
Ofufuza akupanga zida zodziwira matenda a anthu kuti awonjezere mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wodwala.
    • Author:
    • Dzina la wolemba
      Quantumrun Foresight
    • October 3, 2022

    Chidule cha chidziwitso

    Asayansi akugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a masensa ndi nzeru zamakono (AI) kuti azindikire matenda msanga, zomwe zingathe kusintha chithandizo chamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimatsanzira luso la agalu kununkhiza matenda kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zobvala kuwunika zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri. Tekinoloje yomwe ikubwerayi ikuwonetsa lonjezano pakulosera matenda ngati Parkinson's ndi COVID-19, ndipo kafukufuku wowonjezera akufuna kupititsa patsogolo kulondola komanso kukulitsa ntchito. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pazachipatala, kuyambira makampani a inshuwaransi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masensa kuti afufuze deta ya odwala mpaka maboma akuphatikiza zowunikira zokhudzana ndi ma sensor mu mfundo zaumoyo wa anthu.

    Sensa yozindikira matenda

    Kuzindikira msanga ndikuzindikira matenda kumatha kupulumutsa miyoyo, makamaka ku matenda opatsirana kapena matenda omwe angatenge miyezi kapena zaka kuti zizindikiro ziwonekere. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a Parkinson (PD) amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa magalimoto (mwachitsanzo, kugwedezeka, kusasunthika, ndi kuyenda) pakapita nthawi. Kwa anthu ambiri, zowonongeka sizingasinthe pamene azindikira matenda awo. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, asayansi akufufuza za masensa ndi makina osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kuzindikira matenda, kuyambira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphuno za agalu mpaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina (ML). 

    Mu 2021, mgwirizano wa ofufuza, kuphatikizapo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University ku Maryland, ndi Medical Detection Dogs ku Milton Keynes, adapeza kuti akhoza kuphunzitsa luntha lochita kupanga (AI) kutsanzira agalu. kununkhiza matenda. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti pulogalamu ya ML ikufanana ndi momwe agalu amachitira bwino pozindikira matenda ena, kuphatikiza khansa ya prostate. 

    Ntchito yofufuzayo inasonkhanitsa zitsanzo za mkodzo kuchokera kwa odwala komanso athanzi; zitsanzozi kenako kusanthula mamolekyu amene angasonyeze kukhalapo kwa matenda. Gulu lofufuzalo linaphunzitsa gulu la agalu kuti azindikire fungo la mamolekyu omwe ali ndi matenda, ndipo ochita kafukufuku anayerekezera chipambano chawo pozindikira matenda ndi a ML. Poyesa zitsanzo zomwezo, njira zonsezo zidapeza zolondola kuposa 70 peresenti. Ofufuza akuyembekeza kuyesa deta yowonjezereka kuti adziwe zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda osiyanasiyana mwatsatanetsatane. Chitsanzo china cha sensa yozindikira matenda ndi yomwe idapangidwa ndi MIT ndi Johns Hopkins University. Sensa iyi imagwiritsa ntchito mphuno za agalu kuti izindikire khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo. Komabe, ngakhale sensayi yayesedwa bwino pa agalu, pali ntchito ina yoti ichitidwe kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala.

    Zosokoneza

    Mu 2022, ofufuza adapanga e-nose, kapena AI olfactory system, yomwe imatha kuzindikira PD kudzera pakhungu. Kuti apange ukadaulo uwu, asayansi ochokera ku China adaphatikiza mawonekedwe a gas chromatography (GC) -mass spectrometry ndi sensa yapamwamba yamafunde ndi ma algorithms a ML. GC imatha kusanthula fungo la sebum (mafuta opangidwa ndi khungu la munthu). Asayansi ndiye adagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsocho kupanga algorithm yolosera molondola kukhalapo kwa PD, kulondola kwa 70 peresenti. Asayansi atagwiritsa ntchito ML kusanthula zitsanzo zonse za fungo, kulondola kudalumphira mpaka 79 peresenti. Komabe, asayansi amavomereza kuti maphunziro ochulukirapo okhala ndi zitsanzo zambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana ayenera kuchitidwa.

    Pakadali pano, pakukula kwa mliri wa COVID-19, kafukufuku wazomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi zovala, monga Fitbit, Apple Watch, ndi Samsung Galaxy smartwatch, zidawonetsa kuti zidazi zitha kuzindikira matenda a virus. Popeza zipangizozi zimatha kusonkhanitsa deta yamtima ndi okosijeni, momwe amagona, komanso momwe amachitira, zikhoza kuchenjeza anthu za matenda omwe angakhalepo. 

    Makamaka, Chipatala cha Mount Sinai chidasanthula zambiri za Apple Watch kuchokera kwa odwala 500 ndikupeza kuti omwe ali ndi mliri wa COVID-19 adawonetsa kusintha kwa kugunda kwamtima kwawo. Ofufuza akuyembekeza kuti izi zitha kupangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zovala kuti apange njira yodziwira msanga ma virus ena monga fuluwenza ndi chimfine. Dongosolo lochenjeza litha kupangidwanso kuti lizindikire malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka mtsogolo, komwe madipatimenti azaumoyo amatha kulowererapo matendawa asanakhale miliri yowopsa.

    Zotsatira za masensa ozindikira matenda

    Zowonjezereka za masensa ozindikira matenda zingaphatikizepo: 

    • Othandizira inshuwaransi amalimbikitsa masensa ozindikira matenda kuti athe kutsatira zidziwitso zachipatala. 
    • Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amaika ndalama mu masensa othandizidwa ndi AI ndi zida zomwe zimazindikira matenda osowa komanso kugunda kwamtima komanso kukomoka.
    • Kuchulukitsa mwayi wamabizinesi kwa opanga ovala kuti apange zida zotsatirira odwala munthawi yeniyeni.
    • Madokotala kuganizira khama uphungu osati diagnostics. Mwachitsanzo, powonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodziwira matenda kuti zithandizire kuzindikira matenda, madokotala amatha kuthera nthawi yochulukirapo kupanga mapulani awoawo a chithandizo.
    • Mabungwe ofufuza, mayunivesite, ndi mabungwe aboma amagwirizana kuti apange zida ndi mapulogalamu kuti apititse patsogolo matenda, chisamaliro cha odwala, komanso kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa miliri.
    • Kufalikira kwa masensa ozindikira matenda kumalimbikitsa opereka chithandizo chamankhwala kuti asinthe njira zolosera zachipatala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithandizirepo kale komanso kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za odwala.
    • Maboma akuwunikanso ndondomeko zachipatala kuti aphatikizepo matenda okhudzana ndi sensa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zowunikira komanso zoyankhira zaumoyo.
    • Ukadaulo wa masensa omwe umathandizira kuyang'anira odwala patali, kuchepetsa kuyendera zipatala komanso ndalama zachipatala, zomwe ndizopindulitsa makamaka kumadera akumidzi kapena madera omwe alibe chitetezo.

    Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

    • Ngati muli ndi chovala chovala, mumachigwiritsa ntchito bwanji kutsata ziwerengero zaumoyo wanu?
    • Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe masensa ozindikira matenda angasinthe gawo lachipatala?

    Maumboni anzeru

    Maulalo otsatirawa otchuka ndi mabungwe adanenedwa kuti adziwe izi: