Kuwongolera kwa odwala pazachipatala: Kupititsa patsogolo demokalase yamankhwala

• Author:
• Dzina la wolemba

  Quantumrun Foresight
• April 28, 2022

Chidule cha chidziwitso

Odwala omwe ali ndi chiwongolero pazaumoyo wawo ali okonzeka kukonzanso chisamaliro chaumoyo, kupangitsa chisamaliro chamunthu payekha ndikuchepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa kupezeka ndi mtundu. Kusinthaku kungapangitse kuti pakhale njira yothandiza kwambiri yazaumoyo, pomwe madokotala amapeza mbiri ya odwala, kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, ndikupanga mwayi watsopano kwa omaliza maphunziro a IT. Komabe, zimabweretsanso zovuta, monga kuphwanya zinsinsi zomwe zingachitike, zovuta zamakhalidwe, komanso kufunikira kwakuti pakhale ndalama zambiri pazomangamanga zama digito ndi maphunziro.

Kuwongolera deta ya odwala

Deta ya odwala nthawi zambiri imayenera kuyankhulana ndikugawidwa pakati pa akatswiri azaumoyo, opereka inshuwaransi, ndi ena okhudzidwa kwambiri kuti awonetsetse kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chikuyenda bwino. Komabe, m'maukonde ambiri azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi, pali kusowa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa maguluwa, ndikusiya zambiri za odwala zitasungidwa munjira zosiyanasiyana zosungiramo digito ndi data. Kupatsa odwala kuwongolera zidziwitso zawo kumaphatikizapo kuletsa kutsekereza kwa data, kulola ogula kuti azitha kupeza zambiri zathanzi lawo, ndikuwapanga kukhala eni ake enieni a deta yawo limodzi ndi mwayi wowongolera wopezeka muulamulirowo. 

Makampani azachipatala akhala akuwunikiridwa kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2010s popereka mwayi wosagwirizana ndi mautumiki otengera mtundu, fuko, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mu June 2021, Center for Disease Control and Prevention idatulutsa zidziwitso zosonyeza kuti odwala aku Africa America ndi Hispanic ku United States anali ndi mwayi wogonekedwa m'chipatala chifukwa cha COVID-19 kuwirikiza katatu kuposa odwala aku caucasian. 

Kuphatikiza apo, opereka inshuwaransi ndi makampani azachipatala nthawi zambiri amaletsedwa kugawana zambiri za odwala mwachangu komanso moyenera, kuchedwetsa chithandizo cha odwala panthawi yake pakati pa opereka chithandizo omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kuchedwetsa kufalitsa zidziwitso kungayambitse mavuto angapo, monga kuchedwa kwa matenda ndi chithandizo, kubwereza ntchito zalabu, ndi njira zina zomwe zimatsogolera kuti odwala azilipira ndalama zambiri zakuchipatala. Chifukwa chake, kupanga njira zolumikizirana komanso zolumikizana pakati pa omwe akuchita nawo gawo lazaumoyo ndikofunikira kuti odwala athe kulandira chithandizo chanthawi yake komanso choyenera. Akatswiri akukhulupiriranso kuti kulola odwala kukhala ndi mwayi wokwanira komanso kuwongolera deta yawo yazaumoyo kumathandizira kwambiri kusamvana pazaumoyo. 

Zosokoneza

Mu Marichi 2019, Ofesi ya National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC) ndi Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) idatulutsa malamulo awiri omwe amalola ogula kuwongolera deta yawo yaumoyo. Lamulo la ONC lidzalamula kuti odwala azipatsidwa mwayi wopeza ma Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Lamulo la CMS likufuna kupatsa odwala mwayi wopeza zolemba za inshuwaransi yaumoyo, kuwonetsetsa kuti ma inshuwaransi amapereka deta ya ogula mu mawonekedwe apakompyuta. 

Odwala omwe ali ndi chiwongolero chokwanira pazaumoyo wawo komanso othandizira azaumoyo osiyanasiyana ndi mabungwe omwe amatha kugawana nawo ma EHR mosavuta atha kukulitsa luso lachipatala. Madokotala adzatha kupeza mbiri yathunthu ya wodwala, potero kuchepetsa kufunika koyezetsa matenda ngati atachitidwa kale ndikuwonjezera matenda ndi kuthamanga kwa mankhwala. Chotsatira chake, chiŵerengero cha imfa chikhoza kuchepetsedwa ngati pali matenda aakulu. 

Othandizira inshuwaransi ndi zipatala angagwirizane ndi teknoloji ndi makampani opanga mapulogalamu kuti apange mapulogalamu ndi mapulaneti omwe amalola ogwira nawo ntchito osiyanasiyana mkati mwa makampani a zaumoyo kuti apeze deta ya odwala monga momwe akufunira pa mafoni awo kapena mafoni awo. Ogwira nawo ntchitowa, kuphatikizapo odwala, madokotala, ma inshuwaransi, ndi makampani a zaumoyo - akhoza kudziwitsidwa bwino za momwe wodwalayo alili panopa, ndikukhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo atsopano omwe amathandiza kumveketsa bwino ufulu wa wodwala pamene akugawana zambiri zachipatala. 

Madokotala ndi akatswiri azaumoyo amathanso kuyenda bwino, chifukwa mbiri yawo yazachipatala ikhala gawo la nkhokwe iliyonse yazaumoyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhazikitsidwa bwino ndikuwunika bwino ntchito yazaumoyo. 

Zotsatira za kuwongolera kwa odwala pazaumoyo 

Zotsatira zazikulu za odwala omwe amawongolera deta yawo yazaumoyo zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuwongolera kwaumoyo wabwino pamachitidwe azachipatala monga momwe adokotala amagwirira ntchito komanso zotsatira zachipatala zidzatsatiridwa bwino kuposa m'mbuyomu, zomwe zimabweretsa chisamaliro chamunthu payekha ndikuchepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwakupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mtundu wake.
• Maboma akupeza mwayi wosavuta wodziwa zambiri za thanzi la anthu zomwe zingawathandize kukonzekera ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo m'deralo ndi dziko lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugawikana kwabwino kwazinthu ndi ntchito zowunikira zaumoyo.
• Msika wokulirapo wa ntchito kwa omaliza maphunziro a IT mkati mwa chitukuko cha ntchito, monga matekinoloje osiyanasiyana amapikisana kuti apange ma data a odwala omwe amatsogola pamsika kuti agwiritse ntchito m'makampani azachipatala, zomwe zimadzetsa mwayi wochuluka wa ntchito komanso kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pazaumoyo.
• Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma cyberattack mkati mwamakampani azachipatala chifukwa cha data ya odwala yomwe ikuyenda pakati pa makina a digito ndi kupezeka pa intaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphwanya zinsinsi komanso kufunikira kowonjezera chitetezo.
• Kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito molakwika chidziwitso chaumoyo wamunthu ndi mabungwe kapena anthu ena, zomwe zimadzetsa nkhawa zamakhalidwe komanso kufunikira kwa malamulo okhwima kuti ateteze zinsinsi za munthu aliyense.
• Kusintha kwa mphamvu pakati pa opereka chithandizo chamankhwala ndi odwala, zomwe zimabweretsa mikangano yomwe ingakhalepo komanso zovuta zamalamulo pomwe odwala akuwonetsa kuwongolera deta yawo, zomwe zingakhudze ubale wa dokotala ndi wodwala.
• Kuthekera kwa kusiyanasiyana kwachuma pakupeza chithandizo chamankhwala chamunthu payekha, chifukwa omwe ali ndi njira zowonjezera deta yawo atha kulandira chithandizo chapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mipata ikuchulukirachuluke pazaumoyo.
• Kusintha kwamitundu yamabizinesi azaumoyo monga deta yoyendetsedwa ndi odwala imakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampani apeze ndalama zatsopano zomwe zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi komanso kusintha mawonekedwe apikisano.
• Kufunika kokhala ndi ndalama zambiri pazomangamanga zama digito ndi maphunziro kuti athe kuwongolera odwala pazidziwitso zathanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zachuma pamachitidwe azaumoyo ndi maboma.

Mafunso oyenera kuwaganizira

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti opereka inshuwaransi kapena akatswiri azaumoyo angakane kukhazikitsidwa kwa data yoyendetsedwa ndi odwala ndi ma EHR? Chifukwa chiyani? 
• Ndizinthu ziti zoyambira kapena mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono omwe angatuluke pakuchulukirachulukira kwa data ya odwala motsogozedwa ndi izi?