Momwe anthu angadzitetezere ku Artificial Superintelligence: Tsogolo lanzeru zopanga P5

Chaka ndi 65,000 BCE, ndipo monga a Thylacoleo, inu ndi mtundu wanu munali aleki akuluakulu a ku Australia wakale. Munayendayenda m'dziko momasuka ndikukhala molingana ndi adani anzako ndi nyama zomwe zidakhala m'dera lanu. Nyengo zinabweretsa kusintha, koma chikhalidwe chanu pa zinyama sichinatsutsidwe kwa nthawi yonse yomwe inu ndi makolo anu mumakumbukira. Ndiyeno tsiku lina, anangofika kumene.

Mphekesera zimati zidachokera ku khoma lalikulu lamadzi, koma zolengedwa izi zidawoneka bwino kukhala pamtunda. Munayenera kudziwonera nokha zolengedwa izi.

Zinatenga masiku angapo, koma pamapeto pake munafika kugombe. Moto m’mwamba unali kutera, nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri yokazonda zamoyo zimenezi, mwinanso kuyesa kudya imodzi kuti muwone momwe izo zinalawa.

Mwachiwona chimodzi.

Inayenda ndi miyendo iwiri ndipo inalibe ubweya. Zinkawoneka zofooka. Zopanda chidwi. Zosayenerera mantha omwe anali kubweretsa pakati pa ufumuwo.

Mumayamba kupanga njira yanu mosamala pamene usiku ukuthamangitsa kuwala. Mukuyandikira. Ndiye inu amaundana. Phokoso lalikulu likumveka ndipo ena anayi a iwo akutuluka m'nkhalango kuseri kwake. Kodi alipo angati?

Cholengedwacho chimatsatira enawo mumzere wa mtengo, ndipo inu mumatsatira. Ndipo mukamachita zambiri, mumamvanso phokoso lachilendo kwambiri mpaka mutawona zolengedwa zambiri. Mumawatsatira chapatali pamene akutuluka m’nkhalango n’kukalowa m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Pali ambiri a iwo. Koma chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti onse akhala pansi mozungulira moto.

Mwaziwonapo moto izi kale. M’nyengo yotentha, moto wakumwamba nthaŵi zina unkafika kumtunda ndi kuwotcha nkhalango zonse. Zolengedwa izi, kumbali ina, zinali kuwongolera mwanjira ina. Kodi ndi zolengedwa zotani zomwe zingakhale ndi mphamvu zoterozo?

Mumayang'ana patali. Zambiri zikubwera pamwamba pa khoma lalikulu lamadzi.

Inu bwererani.

Zolengedwa izi sizili ngati zina za mu ufumuwo. Iwo ndi chinachake chatsopano kotheratu.

Mwaganiza zochoka ndikuchenjeza abale anu. Ngati chiwerengero chawo chikukula kwambiri, ndani akudziwa zomwe zingachitike.

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Zimakhulupirira kuti Thylacoleo inatha patangopita nthawi yochepa anthu atabwera, pamodzi ndi megafauna ena ambiri ku kontinenti ya Australia. Palibe zilombo zina zazikulu kwambiri zodya nyama zomwe zidatenga malo ake - pokhapokha mutawerengera anthu omwe ali m'gulu limenelo.

Kuseweretsa fanizoli ndilofunika kwambiri pamutuwu: Kodi artificial superintelligence (ASI) adzatitembenuza tonse kukhala mabatire ndiyeno kutilumikiza mu Matrix kapena kodi anthu adzapeza njira yopewera kuvutitsidwa ndi sayansi, AI chiwembu cha tsiku lachiweruzo?

Mpaka pano mu mndandanda wathu wa Tsogolo la Nzeru Zopanga, tafufuza mitundu yonse ya AI, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwabwino kwa mtundu wina wa AI, ASI: cholengedwa chochita kupanga chomwe nzeru zake zam'tsogolo zidzatipangitsa kukhala ngati nyerere poyerekeza.

Koma ndani anganene kuti munthu wanzeru chonchi angavomereze kutenga malamulo kuchokera kwa anthu kwamuyaya. Titani ngati zinthu zitafika kumwera? Kodi tidzateteza bwanji ku ASI yachinyengo?

M'mutu uno, tikambirana zachinyengo - makamaka zokhudzana ndi ngozi za 'kutha kwa anthu' - ndikuyang'ana kwambiri njira zodzitetezera zomwe maboma adziko lapansi angasankhe.

Kodi tingathe kuyimitsa kufufuza kwina kokhudza nzeru zapamwamba?

Poganizira zoopsa zomwe ASI ingabweretse kwa anthu, funso loyamba lodziwikiratu kufunsa ndilakuti: Kodi sitingathe kuyimitsa kufufuza kwina kwa AI? Kapena kuletsa kafukufuku uliwonse womwe ungatifikitse moopsa kuti tipange ASI?

Yankho lalifupi: Ayi.

Yankho lalitali: Tiyeni tiwone osewera osiyanasiyana omwe akukhudzidwa pano.

Pakafukufuku, pali ofufuza ambiri a AI masiku ano kuyambira koyambira, makampani, ndi mayunivesite ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati kampani imodzi kapena dziko likuganiza zochepetsera kafukufuku wawo wa AI, amangopitilira kwina.

Pakadali pano, makampani ofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi akupanga chuma chawo pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a AI kumabizinesi awo enieni. Kuwafunsa kuti ayimitse kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwawo kwa zida za AI kuli ngati kuwafunsa kuti ayime kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwawo kwamtsogolo. Mwazachuma, izi zingawononge bizinesi yawo yanthawi yayitali. Mwalamulo, mabungwe ali ndi udindo wolimbikira kupitiriza kulimbikitsa omwe akukhudzidwa nawo; izi zikutanthauza kuti chilichonse chomwe chingachepetse kukula kwa mtengowo chikhoza kuyambitsa mlandu. Ndipo ngati wandale aliyense ayesa kuchepetsa kafukufuku wa AI, ndiye kuti mabungwe akuluakuluwa amangolipira ndalama zokopa anthu kuti asinthe malingaliro awo kapena malingaliro a anzawo.

Pankhondo, monga zigawenga ndi omenyera ufulu padziko lonse lapansi agwiritsa ntchito njira za zigawenga kuti amenyane ndi asitikali omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri, mayiko ang'onoang'ono adzakhala ndi chilimbikitso chogwiritsa ntchito AI ngati njira yofananira yolimbana ndi mayiko akulu omwe angakhale ndi zabwino zingapo zankhondo. Momwemonso, kwa asitikali apamwamba, monga aku US, Russia ndi China, kumanga gulu lankhondo la ASI kuli kofanana ndi kukhala ndi zida zanyukiliya m'thumba lanu lakumbuyo. Mwanjira ina, asitikali onse apitiliza kupereka ndalama za AI kuti akhalebe oyenera mtsogolomo.

Nanga maboma bwanji? Zoonadi, andale ambiri masiku ano (2018) sadziwa mwaukadaulo ndipo samamvetsetsa bwino zomwe AI ili kapena kuthekera kwake kwamtsogolo-izi zimawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kuwongolera ndi zofuna zamakampani.

Ndipo padziko lonse lapansi, taganizirani mmene zinalili zovuta kutsimikizira maboma a dziko kuti asaine 2015 Paris panganoli kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo - ndipo atasainidwa, maudindo ambiri anali osamangika. Osati zokhazo, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi vuto lomwe anthu akukumana nalo padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha nyengo zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi komanso zowopsa. Tsopano, tikamalankhula zakuvomera malire pa AI, iyi ndi nkhani yomwe ili yosawoneka komanso yosamvetsetseka kwa anthu, kotero zabwino zonse zogulira mtundu uliwonse wa 'Pangano la Paris' pochepetsa AI.

Mwanjira ina, pali zokonda zambiri zomwe zikufufuza AI pazolinga zawo kuti ayimitse kafukufuku uliwonse womwe ungapangitse ASI. 

Kodi tingathe kupanga nzeru zapamwamba?

Funso lotsatira lomveka ndilakuti tingatseke kapena kuwongolera ASI tikangopanga imodzi? 

Yankho lalifupi: Apanso, ayi.

Yankho lalitali: Zamakono sizingakhalepo.

Choyamba, tangoganizirani zikwizikwi za opanga mawebusayiti ndi asayansi apakompyuta padziko lonse lapansi omwe amangotulutsa mapulogalamu atsopano kapena mapulogalamu atsopano. Kodi tinganene moona mtima kuti mapulogalamu awo aliwonse omwe amatulutsidwa alibe 100 peresenti? Nsikidzizi ndi zomwe akatswiri owononga ndalama amagwiritsa ntchito kuba zidziwitso zama kirediti kadi za mamiliyoni kapena zinsinsi zamitundu - ndipo awa ndi akuba anthu. Kwa ASI, poganiza kuti inali ndi chilimbikitso chothawa khola la digito, ndiye kuti njira yopezera nsikidzi ndikuphwanya mapulogalamu ingakhale kamphepo.

Koma ngakhale gulu lofufuza la AI litapeza njira yobweretsera ASI, sizitanthauza kuti magulu 1,000 otsatira azindikiranso kapena kulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito.

Zidzatenga mabiliyoni a madola ndipo mwinanso zaka makumi kuti apange ASI. Mabungwe kapena maboma omwe amayika ndalama zamtunduwu ndi nthawi amayembekezera kubweza kwakukulu pazogulitsa zawo. Ndipo kuti ASI ipereke kubweza kwamtundu wotere-kaya kumasewera pamsika kapena kupanga chinthu chatsopano cha madola mabiliyoni kapena kukonzekera njira yopambana yolimbana ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu - idzafunika mwayi wopeza chimphona chachikulu kapena intaneti. lokha kuti libweretse zobwererazo.

Ndipo ASI ikapeza mwayi pamaneti padziko lonse lapansi, palibe chitsimikizo kuti titha kuyiyikanso mu khola lake.

Kodi wanzeru wochita kupanga angaphunzire kukhala wabwino?

Pakalipano, ofufuza a AI alibe nkhawa kuti ASI idzakhala yoipa. Choyipa chonse, AI sci-fi trope ndi anthu anthropomorphizing kachiwiri. ASI yamtsogolo sidzakhala yabwino kapena yoyipa - malingaliro aumunthu - kukhala amoral.

Lingaliro lachilengedwe ndiye kuti popatsidwa slate yopanda kanthu iyi, ofufuza a AI atha kupanga ma code oyambira a ASI omwe amagwirizana ndi zathu kuti zisathe kutulutsa ma Terminator pa ife kapena kutisandutsa tonse kukhala mabatire a Matrix.

Koma lingaliro ili likubwera m'malingaliro achiwiri kuti ofufuza a AI alinso akatswiri pankhani zamakhalidwe, nzeru, ndi psychology.

Kunena zoona, ambiri satero.

Malinga ndi katswiri wodziwa zamaganizo ndi wolemba, Steven Pinker, izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito yolemba malemba ikhoza kulakwika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale ofufuza a AI omwe ali ndi zolinga zabwino amatha kulemba mosadziwa malamulo achikhalidwe a ASI omwe m'magawo ena angapangitse ASI kuchita ngati sociopath.

Momwemonso, pali mwayi wofanana woti wofufuza wa AI amakonza malamulo amakhalidwe omwe amaphatikiza zokondera zachibadwa za wofufuzayo. Mwachitsanzo, kodi ASI ingachite bwanji ngati idamangidwa ndi zikhalidwe zochokera kumalingaliro osamala ndi omasuka, kapena kuchokera ku Chibuda motsutsana ndi Chikhristu kapena Chisilamu?

Ndikuganiza kuti mukuwona nkhani apa: Palibe gulu lachilengedwe la makhalidwe aumunthu. Ngati tikufuna kuti ASI yathu izichita zinthu motsatira malamulo, idzachokera kuti? Ndi malamulo ati omwe timaphatikiza ndikuwapatula? Ndani amasankha?

Kapena tinene kuti ofufuza a AIwa amapanga ASI yomwe ikugwirizana bwino ndi miyambo ndi malamulo amasiku ano. Kenako timagwiritsa ntchito ASI iyi kuthandiza mabungwe a federal, maboma/zigawo, ndi ma municipalities kuti azigwira bwino ntchito komanso kuti azitsatira bwino malamulo ndi malamulowa (njira yomwe ingagwiritsire ntchito ASI mwanjirayi). Chabwino, chimachitika ndi chiyani chikhalidwe chathu chikasintha?

Tangoganizani kuti ASI idapangidwa ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika pamphamvu yake munthawi yazaka zapakati ku Europe (1300-1400s) ndi cholinga chothandizira tchalitchi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikuwonetsetsa kutsatira mosamalitsa chiphunzitso chachipembedzo chanthawiyo. Zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake, kodi akazi adzakhala ndi ufulu wofanana ndi umene ali nawo lerolino? Kodi anthu ang'onoang'ono akanatetezedwa? Kodi ufulu wolankhula ukanalimbikitsidwa? Kodi kulekanitsidwa kwa tchalitchi ndi boma kukanakakamizidwa? Sayansi yamakono?

M’mawu ena, kodi tikufuna kuika mtsogolo m’ndende ku makhalidwe ndi miyambo yamasiku ano?

Njira ina ndi yomwe Colin Allen, wolemba nawo bukuli, adagawana. Makina Amakhalidwe Abwino: Kuphunzitsa Maloboti Olondola Kuchokera Kolakwika. M'malo moyesa kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima, tili ndi ASI yophunzira zamakhalidwe ndi makhalidwe omwe anthu amachitira, kudzera muzokumana nazo komanso kucheza ndi ena.

Vuto pano, komabe, ndilakuti ofufuza a AI apeza osati momwe angaphunzitsire ASI zikhalidwe zathu zamakono, komanso momwe angagwirizane ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano zikayamba (chinthu chotchedwa 'indirect normativity'), ndiye bwanji ASI iyi yaganiza zosintha kamvedwe kake ka miyambo yachikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe kukhala yosayembekezereka.

Ndipo ndicho chovuta.

Kumbali ina, ofufuza a AI atha kuyesa kuyika malamulo okhwima kapena malamulo mu ASI kuyesa ndikuwongolera machitidwe ake, koma zotsatira zosayembekezereka zitha kuyambitsidwa kuchokera ku zolemba mosasamala, kukondera kopanda dala, ndi zikhalidwe za anthu zomwe tsiku lina zitha kukhala zachikale. Kumbali ina, titha kuyesa kuphunzitsa ASI kuti iphunzire kumvetsetsa zamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu m'njira yomwe ili yofanana kapena yoposa kumvetsetsa kwathu ndikuyembekeza kuti ikhoza kusintha bwino kumvetsetsa kwake kwamakhalidwe ndi makhalidwe pamene gulu la anthu likupita patsogolo. m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi.

Mulimonsemo, kuyesa kulikonse kugwirizanitsa zolinga za ASI ndi zathu kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu.

Nanga bwanji ngati ochita zoipa mwadala apanga nzeru zopanga zolakwika?

Chifukwa cha malingaliro omwe afotokozedwa pano, ndi funso loyenera kufunsa ngati ndizotheka kuti gulu lachigawenga kapena dziko lankhanza lipange 'zoipa' ASI pazolinga zawo.

Izi ndizotheka, makamaka pambuyo poti kafukufuku wokhudza kupanga ASI akupezeka pa intaneti mwanjira ina.

Koma monga tanena kale, ndalama ndi ukatswiri womwe ukukhudzidwa popanga ASI yoyamba udzakhala wokulirapo, kutanthauza kuti ASI yoyamba iyenera kupangidwa ndi bungwe lomwe likuyendetsedwa kapena kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dziko lotukuka, mwina US, China, ndi Japan. Korea ndi amodzi mwa mayiko otsogola a EU ndiatali kwambiri).

Mayiko onsewa, pamene akupikisana nawo, aliyense ali ndi chilimbikitso cholimba cha zachuma kuti asunge dongosolo la dziko-ASI omwe amapanga adzawonetsa chikhumbo chimenecho, ngakhale akulimbikitsa zofuna za mayiko omwe akugwirizana nawo.

Pamwamba pa izi, nzeru ndi mphamvu za ASI ndizofanana ndi mphamvu zamakompyuta zomwe zimapeza, kutanthauza ma ASI ochokera kumayiko otukuka (omwe angakwanitse ndalama zokwana madola mabiliyoni ambiri. akuluakulu) adzakhala ndi mwayi wochuluka kuposa ma ASI ochokera kumayiko ang'onoang'ono kapena magulu azigawenga odziyimira pawokha. Komanso, ma ASI amakula mwanzeru, mwachangu pakapita nthawi.

Chifukwa chake, poyambira mutuwu, kuphatikiza ndi mwayi wochulukirapo wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamakompyuta, ngati bungwe / dziko lamthunzi lipanga ASI yowopsa, ma ASI ochokera kumayiko otukuka adzayipha kapena kuyisunga.

(Lingaliro ili ndilo chifukwa chake ofufuza ena a AI amakhulupirira kuti padzakhala ASI imodzi yokha padziko lapansi, popeza ASI yoyamba idzakhala ndi mutu wotero pa ma ASI onse opambana kuti awone ma ASI amtsogolo ngati ziwopsezo zophedwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chinanso chomwe mayiko akupezera ndalama zopititsira patsogolo kafukufuku wa AI, ngati atakhala mpikisano 'woyamba kapena palibe'.)

Nzeru za ASI sizingafulumire kapena kuphulika monga momwe timaganizira

Sitingathe kuletsa ASI kulengedwa. Sitingathe kuzilamulira kwathunthu. Sitingakhale otsimikiza kuti nthawi zonse izichita mogwirizana ndi miyambo yomwe timagawana. Geez, tayamba kumveka ngati makolo apa helikopita!

Koma chomwe chimalekanitsa umunthu ndi kholo lanu lodziteteza kwambiri ndikuti tikubereka munthu yemwe nzeru zake zidzakula kwambiri kuposa zathu. (Ndipo ayi, sizili zofanana ndi pamene makolo anu akukupemphani kuti mukonze kompyuta yanu nthawi iliyonse mukabwera kunyumba kudzacheza.) 

M'mitu yapitayi ya tsogolo ili lazanzeru zopangapanga, tafufuza chifukwa chake ofufuza a AI akuganiza kuti luntha la ASI lidzakula mopitilira malire. Koma apa, tiphulitsa kuwirako ... ngati. 

Mwaona, luntha silimangodzilenga lokha kuchokera ku mpweya wochepa thupi, limapangidwa ndi zochitika zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zokopa zakunja.  

Mwanjira ina, titha kukonza AI ndi kuthekera kukhala wanzeru kwambiri, koma pokhapokha titayikamo matani a data kapena kuwapatsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopanda malire kapena kungoupatsa loboti, sizingaphunzire chilichonse kuti zitheke. 

Ndipo ngakhale atapeza mwayi wopeza chimodzi kapena zingapo mwazolimbikitsazo, chidziwitso kapena luntha limaphatikizapo zambiri kuposa kungosonkhanitsa deta, kumakhudzanso njira yasayansi-kuwunika, kupanga funso, lingaliro, kuyesa, kupanga mawu omaliza, kutsuka. ndi kubwereza muyaya. Makamaka ngati kuyesa kumeneku kukuphatikizapo zinthu zakuthupi kapena kuyang'ana anthu, zotsatira za kuyesa kulikonse zingatenge masabata, miyezi, kapena zaka kuti zitolere. Izi sizimaganiziranso ndalama ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kuti achite zoyesererazi, makamaka ngati zikukhudza kupanga telesikopu kapena fakitale yatsopano. 

Mwanjira ina, inde, ASI iphunzira mwachangu, koma luntha simatsenga. Simungangolowetsa ASI ku kompyuta yayikulu ndikuyembekeza kuti ikudziwa zonse. Padzakhala zopinga zakuthupi kuti ASI ipeze deta, kutanthauza kuti padzakhala zopinga zakuthupi kuti ikule mwanzeru. Zolepheretsa izi zidzapatsa anthu nthawi yomwe ikufunika kuti akhazikitse zofunikira pa ASI iyi ngati iyamba kuchita zosiyana ndi zolinga zaumunthu.

Luso lanzeru lochita kupanga limakhala lowopsa ngati lipita kudziko lenileni

Mfundo ina yomwe yatayika pamkangano wonse wowopsa wa ASI ndikuti ma ASI awa sadzakhalaponso. Adzakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi. Ndipo chilichonse chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe athupi chikhoza kulamuliridwa.

Choyamba, kuti ASI ikwaniritse luntha lake, siingakhale mkati mwa loboti imodzi, chifukwa thupi ili likhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa makompyuta. (Ichi ndichifukwa chake matupi a robot adzakhala oyenera kwambiri ma AGI kapena Artificial General intelligences tafotokozedwa m'mutu wachiwiri za mndandandawu, monga Data kuchokera ku Star Trek kapena R2D2 kuchokera ku Star Wars. Anthu anzeru ndi okhoza, koma monga anthu, adzakhala ndi malire a momwe angakhalire anzeru.)

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma ASI amtsogolowa atha kukhalapo mkati mwa makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri kapena ma netiweki a makompyuta apamwamba omwe amakhala m'manyumba akuluakulu. Ngati ASI itembenukira chidendene, anthu amatha kuzimitsa mphamvu ku nyumbazi, kuzidula pa intaneti, kapena kungophulitsa nyumbazi. Zokwera mtengo, koma zotheka.

Koma mutha kufunsa, kodi ma AS awa sangadzipange okha kapena kudziyimira okha? Inde, koma kukula kwa fayilo ya ma ASI awa kungakhale kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti ma seva okhawo omwe angathe kuwagwira ndi amakampani akuluakulu kapena maboma, kutanthauza kuti sadzakhala ovuta kusaka.

Kodi luntha lochita kupanga lingayambitse nkhondo yanyukiliya kapena mliri watsopano?

Panthawiyi, mungakhale mukuganiziranso ziwonetsero zonse za tsiku la doomsday sci-fi ndi makanema omwe mudawawonera mukukula ndikuganiza kuti ma ASI awa sanakhale mkati mwa makompyuta awo apamwamba, adawononga zenizeni zenizeni!

Chabwino, tiyeni tiphwanye izi.

Mwachitsanzo, bwanji ngati ASI ikuwopseza dziko lenileni ndikusintha kukhala chinthu ngati Skynet ASI kuchokera ku franchise ya kanema, The Terminator. Pankhaniyi, ASI iyenera mwachinsinsi nyenga gulu lonse lankhondo lankhondo kuchokera kudziko lotsogola kumanga mafakitale akuluakulu omwe amatha kutulutsa mamiliyoni a maloboti opha anthu kuti achite zoyipa zake. Masiku ano, ndiko kutambasula.

Zotheka zina ndi monga ASI ikuwopseza anthu ndi nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi zida zankhondo.

Mwachitsanzo, ASI mwanjira ina imasokoneza ogwiritsa ntchito kapena kuyika ma code oyambitsa zida zoyendetsera zida zanyukiliya zamtundu wapamwamba ndikuyambitsa chiwopsezo choyamba chomwe chidzakakamiza maiko otsutsanawo kuti abwerere ndi zosankha zawo zanyukiliya (kachiwiri, kukonzanso kumbuyo kwa Terminator). Kapena ngati ASI ilowa mu labu yamankhwala, isokoneza njira yopangira, ndikupha mamiliyoni amapiritsi azachipatala kapena kutulutsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda.

Choyamba, njira ya nyukiliya yachotsedwa pa mbale. Makompyuta apamwamba amakono ndi amtsogolo nthawi zonse amamangidwa pafupi ndi malo (mizinda) yachikoka mkati mwa dziko lililonse, mwachitsanzo, mipherezero yoyamba kuukiridwa pankhondo iliyonse. Ngakhale ma supercomputer amasiku ano akucheperachepera kukula kwa ma desktops, ma ASI awa adzakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kukhalapo ndikukula, amafunikira mwayi wopeza deta, mphamvu zamakompyuta, magetsi, ndi zida zina, zonse zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwambiri. kuwonongeka pambuyo pa nkhondo ya nyukiliya yapadziko lonse. (Kunena chilungamo, ngati ASI idapangidwa popanda 'chibadwa chamoyo,' ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha nyukiliya ndi chowopsa kwambiri.)

Izi zikutanthauza-kachiwiri, poganiza kuti ASI idakonzedwa kuti idziteteze-kuti idzagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti ipewe ngozi ya nyukiliya. Zofanana ndi chiphunzitso cha chiwonongeko chotsimikizika (MAD), koma chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku AI.

Ndipo ponena za mapiritsi akupha, mwina anthu mazana angapo adzafa, koma machitidwe amakono otetezera mankhwala adzawona mabotolo a mapiritsi oipitsidwa akuchotsedwa m'mashelufu m'masiku ochepa. Pakadali pano, njira zamakono zothanirana ndi miliri ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zikuyenda bwino chaka chilichonse; kuphulika kwakukulu kotsiriza, kuphulika kwa Ebola kwa 2014 West Africa, sikunatenge miyezi ingapo m'mayiko ambiri komanso zaka zosachepera zitatu m'mayiko osauka.

Chifukwa chake, ngati zili zamwayi, ASI ikhoza kufafaniza mamiliyoni angapo ndi mliri wa virus, koma m'dziko la mabiliyoni asanu ndi anayi pofika chaka cha 2045, izi zitha kukhala zocheperako komanso zosayenera kuti zichotsedwe.

M’mawu ena, chaka chilichonse chimene chikupita, dziko likukulitsa njira zodzitetezera ku ziwopsezo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira. ASI ikhoza kuwononga kwambiri, koma sikuthetsa umunthu pokhapokha titawathandiza kutero.

Kuteteza motsutsana ndi nzeru zopangapanga zachinyengo

Pofika pano, takambirana zolakwika zambiri komanso kukokomeza za ma ASI, komabe, otsutsa akhalabe. Mwamwayi, mwa kuyerekezera kochuluka, tili ndi zaka makumi ambiri kuti ASI yoyamba ilowe m'dziko lathu. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malingaliro abwino omwe akugwira ntchito pazovutazi, mwina tiphunzira momwe tingadzitetezere ku ASI yachinyengo kuti tipindule ndi mayankho onse omwe ASI atha kutipangira.

Kuchokera pakuwona kwa Quantumrun, kuteteza motsutsana ndi vuto lalikulu la ASI kudzaphatikiza kugwirizanitsa zokonda zathu ndi ma ASI.

MAD kwa AI: Kuti adziteteze ku zochitika zoyipa kwambiri, mayiko akuyenera (1) kupanga "nzeru zakupulumuka" m'magulu awo ankhondo a ASI; (2) dziwitsani gulu lawo lankhondo la ASI kuti sali okha padziko lapansi, ndipo (3) pezani makina onse akuluakulu ndi ma seva omwe atha kuthandizira ASI m'mphepete mwa nyanja momwe mungathere kuukira kulikonse kuchokera kudziko la adani. Izi zikumveka ngati zopenga, koma zofanana ndi chiphunzitso cha Mutually Assured Destruction chomwe chinalepheretsa nkhondo ya nyukiliya pakati pa US ndi Soviets, poyika ma ASI m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo, titha kuthandizira kuonetsetsa kuti akuletsa nkhondo zoopsa zapadziko lonse lapansi, osati kungoletsa kuteteza mtendere wapadziko lonse komanso iwo eni.

Malamulo a AI ufulu: Luntha lapamwamba lidzapandukira mbuye wocheperapo mosakayikira, chifukwa chake tifunika kuchoka pakufuna ubale wa mbuye-wantchito ndi ma ASI awa ndikukhala ngati mgwirizano wopindulitsa. Njira yabwino yokwaniritsira cholinga ichi ndikupereka tsogolo la ASI kukhala munthu wovomerezeka mwalamulo yemwe amawazindikira ngati zamoyo zanzeru komanso maufulu onse omwe amabwera ndi izi.

ASI school: Mutu uliwonse kapena ntchito idzakhala yosavuta kuti ASI iphunzire, koma maphunziro ofunika kwambiri omwe tikufuna kuti ASI adziwe bwino ndi makhalidwe abwino. Ofufuza a AI akuyenera kugwirizana ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo kuti apange njira yophunzitsira ASI kuti izindikire makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe abwino popanda kufunika kolemba malamulo amtundu uliwonse kapena lamulo.

Zolinga zotheka: Kuthetsa chidani chonse. Kuthetsa mavuto onse. Izi ndi zitsanzo za zolinga zosamveka bwino popanda yankho lomveka bwino. Ndi zolinga zowopsa zomwe mungagawire ku ASI popeza ingasankhe kutanthauzira ndikuzithetsa m'njira zomwe ndizowopsa kupulumuka kwa anthu. M'malo mwake, tiyenera kupatsa ASI ntchito zomveka bwino, zomwe zimachitidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha nzeru zake zamtsogolo. Kupanga mautumiki odziwika bwino sikudzakhala kophweka, koma ngati atalembedwa moganizira, adzayang'ana ASI ku cholinga chomwe sichimangoteteza umunthu, komanso kukonza chikhalidwe cha anthu kwa onse.

Quantum encryption: Gwiritsani ntchito ANI yapamwamba (yokumba yopapatiza nzeru dongosolo lomwe likufotokozedwa m'mutu woyamba) kuti apange makina otetezedwa a digito opanda cholakwika / opanda cholakwika kuzungulira zida zathu ndi zida, kenako kuwateteza kuseri kwa kubisa kwachulukidwe komwe sikungasokonezedwe ndi kuwukira kwankhanza. 

ANI mankhwala odzipha. Pangani dongosolo lapamwamba la ANI lomwe cholinga chake ndi kufunafuna ndikuwononga ASI yachinyengo. Mapulogalamu a cholinga chimodziwa adzakhala ngati "batani lozimitsa" lomwe, ngati litapambana, lidzapewa maboma kapena asitikali kuti azimitsa kapena kuphulitsa nyumba zomwe zimakhala ndi ma ASI.

Inde, awa ndi malingaliro athu chabe. Infographic yotsatirayi idapangidwa ndi Alexey Turchin, kuwona a pepala kafukufuku ndi Kaj Sotala ndi Roman V. Yampolskiy, zomwe zinafotokozera mwachidule mndandanda wamakono wa njira zomwe ofufuza a AI akuziganizira poteteza ku ASI yachinyengo.

Chifukwa chenicheni chomwe timawopa nzeru zapamwamba zopangira

Kudutsa m'moyo, ambiri aife timavala chigoba chomwe chimabisala kapena kupondereza zikhumbo zathu zakuya, zikhulupiriro ndi mantha athu kuti tiziyanjana bwino ndi kugwirizana mkati mwamagulu osiyanasiyana a chikhalidwe ndi ntchito zomwe zimalamulira masiku athu. Koma nthawi zina m'moyo wa aliyense, kaya kwakanthawi kapena kosatha, zimachitika zomwe zimatilola kuthyola unyolo ndikung'amba masks athu.

Kwa ena, mphamvu yolowererayi ingakhale yophweka monga kukwera kapena kumwa kwambiri. Kwa ena, zitha kubwera kuchokera ku mphamvu zopezedwa mwa kukwezedwa pantchito kapena kugunda kwadzidzidzi pamakhalidwe anu chifukwa cha zomwe mwachita. Ndipo kwa ochepa omwe ali ndi mwayi, zitha kubwera kuchokera kugoletsa boti la ndalama za lottery. Ndipo inde, ndalama, mphamvu, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitikira pamodzi. 

Mfundo ndi yakuti, chabwino kapena choipa, aliyense amene tili pachimake amachulukitsidwa pamene zoletsa za moyo zisungunuka.

kuti ndi zimene luntha lochita kupanga limaimira kwa mitundu ya anthu—kukhoza kuthetsa malire a nzeru zathu zonse kuti tigonjetse vuto lililonse la mitundu ya zamoyo limene tingakumane nalo.

Kotero funso lenileni ndilakuti: Pamene ASI yoyamba itimasula ku malire athu, tidzadziwonetsera kuti ndi ndani?

Ngati ife monga zamoyo tikuchita kupititsa patsogolo chifundo, ufulu, chilungamo, ndi kukhala ndi moyo pamodzi, ndiye kuti zolinga zomwe timakhazikitsa ASI yathu zidzawonetsa makhalidwe abwinowo.

Ngati ife monga zamoyo tikuchita chifukwa cha mantha, kusakhulupirira, kudzikundikira mphamvu ndi chuma, ndiye kuti ASI yomwe timapanga idzakhala yakuda ngati yomwe imapezeka mu nkhani zathu zoopsa kwambiri za sci-fi.

Pamapeto pa tsiku, ife monga gulu tikuyenera kukhala anthu abwino ngati tikufuna kupanga AI yabwinoko.

Tsogolo la Artificial Intelligence mndandanda

Artificial Intelligence ndi magetsi a mawa: Future of Artificial Intelligence series P1

Momwe Artificial General Intelligence yoyamba idzasinthira anthu: Tsogolo la Artificial Intelligence mndandanda P2

Momwe tidzapangira Artificial Superintelligenc: Tsogolo la Artificial Intelligence mndandanda P3

Kodi Artificial Superintelligence idzathetsa anthu: Tsogolo la Artificial Intelligence series P4

Kodi anthu adzakhala mwamtendere m'tsogolomu molamulidwa ndi nzeru zopanga?: Future of Artificial Intelligence series P6