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Tsogolo lanu mkati mwa intaneti ya Zinthu: Tsogolo la intaneti P4

David Tal, Wofalitsa, Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
LinkedIn

Lolemba, 09/14/2020 - 12:53

Tsiku lina, kuyankhula ndi furiji yanu kungakhale gawo la sabata lanu.

Mpaka pano mu Tsogolo lathu la mndandanda wapaintaneti, takambirana momwe kukula kwa intaneti posachedwapa adzafika mabiliyoni osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi; momwe malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi injini zosaka zidzayambira kupereka malingaliro, chowonadi, ndi zotsatira zakusaka kwamalingaliro; ndi momwe zimphona zamatekinoloje posachedwapa zidzagwiritse ntchito patsogolo izi kuti zitukuke othandizira nawo (VAs) zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuyendetsa mbali iliyonse ya moyo wanu.

Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwapangidwa kuti kupangitse miyoyo ya anthu kukhala yosasokonekera-makamaka kwa iwo omwe amagawana zambiri zawo ndi akatswiri azatekinoloje amawa momasuka komanso mwachangu. Komabe, izi paokha sizidzapereka moyo wopanda msoko pa chifukwa chimodzi chachikulu: makina osakira ndi othandizira enieni sangakuthandizeni kuwongolera moyo wanu ngati satha kumvetsetsa kapena kulumikizana ndi zinthu zomwe mumakumana nazo. tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ndipamene intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) idzatulukira kuti isinthe chilichonse.

Kodi intaneti ya Zinthu ndi chiyani?

Ubiquitous computing, Internet of Chilichonse, Internet of Things (IoT), zonse ndi zofanana: Pamlingo woyambira, IoT ndi netiweki yopangidwa kuti ilumikizane ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi intaneti, mofanana ndi momwe intaneti yachikhalidwe imalumikizirana ndi anthu. pa intaneti kudzera pamakompyuta awo ndi mafoni. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa intaneti ndi IoT ndicho cholinga chawo chachikulu.

Monga tafotokozera mu mutu woyamba Pamndandandawu, intaneti ndi chida chogawira bwino chuma komanso kulumikizana ndi ena. Zachisoni, intaneti yomwe tikudziwa masiku ano imagwira ntchito yabwinoko kuposa yoyamba. IoT, kumbali ina, idapangidwa kuti ikhale yopambana pakugawa chuma - idapangidwa kuti "ipatse moyo" ku zinthu zopanda moyo pozilola kugwirira ntchito limodzi, kusintha kusintha kwa malo, kuphunzira kugwira ntchito bwino ndikuyesera kupewa zovuta.

Ubwino wowonjezera wa IoT ndichifukwa chake kampani yoyang'anira kasamalidwe, McKinsey ndi Company, malipoti kuti zovuta zachuma za IoT zitha kukhala pakati pa $3.9 mpaka 11.1 TRILIYONI pachaka pofika 2025, kapena 11 peresenti yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi.

Tsatanetsatane pang'ono chonde. Kodi IoT imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kwenikweni, IoT imagwira ntchito poyika masensa ang'onoang'ono-to-microscopic pamakina omwe amapanga zinthuzi, komanso (nthawi zina) ngakhale muzopangira zomwe zimadya m'makina omwe amapanga zinthuzi.

Masensa amalumikizana ndi intaneti popanda zingwe ndipo poyambilira amayendetsedwa ndi mabatire ang'onoang'ono, kenako kudzera pa ma receptor omwe amatha. sonkhanitsani mphamvu popanda zingwe kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Masensa awa amapereka opanga, ogulitsa, ndi eni ake kuthekera kosatheka kuyang'anira, kukonza, kukonza, ndi kugulitsa zinthu zomwezi.

Chitsanzo chaposachedwa cha izi ndi masensa odzaza magalimoto a Tesla. Masensa awa amalola Tesla kuyang'anira momwe magalimoto amagulitsidwa kwa makasitomala awo, zomwe zimalola Tesla kudziwa zambiri za momwe magalimoto awo amagwirira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, kupitilira kuyesa ndi kupanga ntchito zomwe angachite panthawi yagalimoto. siteji yoyamba yopanga. Tesla amatha kugwiritsa ntchito unyinji wa data yayikuluyi kuti akweze zigamba zamapulogalamu popanda zingwe ndikukweza magwiridwe antchito awo mosalekeza zomwe zimathandizira kuyendetsa bwino kwamagalimoto awo padziko lonse lapansi - ndikusankha, kukweza kwamtengo wapatali kapena zinthu zomwe zingalepheretse kugulitsa eni magalimoto omwe alipo.

Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi chinthu chilichonse, kuyambira ma dumbbells mpaka furiji, mpaka mapilo. Zimatsegulanso mwayi wa mafakitale atsopano omwe amapezerapo mwayi pazinthu zanzeruzi. Vidiyo iyi yochokera ku Estimote ikupatsani malingaliro abwino a momwe zonsezi zimagwirira ntchito:

Nanga n’cifukwa ciani kusinthaku sikunacitike zaka makumi angapo zapitazo? Pomwe IoT idatchuka pakati pa 2008-09, zochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso zopambana zaukadaulo zikubwera zomwe zipangitsa kuti IoT ikhale yodziwika bwino pofika chaka cha 2025; izi zikuphatikizapo:

Kukulitsa kufikira padziko lonse lapansi kwa intaneti yodalirika, yotsika mtengo kudzera pa zingwe za fiber optic, intaneti ya satellite, wifi yakomweko, BlueTooth ndi mipanda yamatope;
Kuyamba kwatsopano IPv6 Makina olembetsera pa intaneti omwe amalola ma adilesi atsopano a intaneti opitilira 340 thililiyoni pazida zilizonse ("zinthu" mu IoT);
Kuchulukitsa kocheperako kwa masensa otsika mtengo, osapatsa mphamvu mphamvu ndi mabatire omwe amatha kupangidwa kukhala mitundu yonse yazinthu zamtsogolo;
Kutuluka kwa miyezo yotseguka ndi ma protocol omwe angalole kuti zinthu zingapo zolumikizidwa zizilumikizana mosatekeseka, mofanana ndi momwe makina opangira opaleshoni amalola kuti mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana azigwira ntchito pakompyuta yanu (kampani yachinsinsi, yazaka khumi, Jasper, ndi kale muyezo wapadziko lonse monga wa 2015, ndi Pulojekiti ya Google Brillo ndi Weave kukonzekera kukhala mpikisano wake wamkulu);
Kukula kwa kusungidwa kwa data pogwiritsa ntchito mitambo komwe kumatha kusonkhanitsa, kusunga, ndi kufooketsa chiwongola dzanja chachikulu chomwe mabiliyoni azinthu zolumikizidwa apanga;
Kuwonjezeka kwa ma algorithms apamwamba (machitidwe akatswiri) omwe amasanthula deta yonseyi mu nthawi yeniyeni ndikupanga zisankho zomwe zimakhudza machitidwe enieni a dziko-popanda kutengapo mbali kwa anthu.

Zotsatira za IoT padziko lonse lapansi

Cisco amalosera pofika chaka cha 50, padzakhala zida zopitilira 2020 biliyoni zolumikizidwa ndi “zanzeru”—ndizo 6.5 kwa munthu aliyense padziko lapansi. Pali kale injini zosakira zomwe zadzipereka kwathunthu kutsatira kuchuluka kwa zida zolumikizidwa zomwe zikugwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi (timalimbikitsa Zinthu ndi Shodan).

Zinthu zonse zolumikizidwazi zizilumikizana pa intaneti ndikutulutsa pafupipafupi za malo awo, momwe zilili, komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Payekha, zigawo za data izi zidzakhala zazing'ono, koma zikasonkhanitsidwa mochuluka, zidzatulutsa deta yambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa pakukhalapo kwa anthu kufika pa nthawiyo-tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kuphulika kwa dataku kudzakhala kwa makampani aukadaulo amtsogolo momwe mafuta alili masiku ano makampani amafuta - ndipo phindu lochokera kuzinthu zazikuluzikuluzi lidzasokoneza phindu lamakampani amafuta pofika 2035.

Ganizilani izi motere:

Ngati mumayendetsa fakitale komwe mumatha kuyang'anira momwe zinthu zonse, makina, ndi antchito amagwirira ntchito, mumatha kupeza mipata yochepetsera zinyalala, kupanga mzere wopangira bwino kwambiri, kuyitanitsa zida zomwe zikufunika, ndikutsata. zomalizidwa mpaka ogula.
Momwemonso, mukadakhala ndi malo ogulitsira, ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri a backend amatha kutsata mayendedwe a makasitomala ndikuwongolera ogulitsa kuti awatumikire popanda kuphatikizirapo manejala, zogulitsa zitha kutsatiridwa ndikukonzedwanso munthawi yeniyeni, ndipo kuba zazing'ono kudzakhala kosatheka. (Izi, ndi zinthu zanzeru zonse, zimafufuzidwa mozama mu zathu Tsogolo Lamalonda mndandanda.)
Ngati mumayendetsa mzinda, mutha kuyang'anira ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto munthawi yeniyeni, kupeza ndi kukonza zida zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka zisanalephereke, ndikuwongolera ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi kuti apite kumalo okhudzidwa ndi nyengo nzika zisanadandaule.

Izi ndi zina mwazotheka zomwe IoT imalola. Zidzakhudza kwambiri bizinesi, kuchepetsa mitengo yocheperako kufika pafupi ndi ziro pomwe zikukhudza mphamvu zisanu zopikisana (sukulu yamabizinesi imalankhula):

Zikafika ku mphamvu zogulitsirana za ogula, gulu lililonse (wogulitsa kapena wogula) lomwe lingapeze mwayi wopeza deta yachinthu cholumikizidwa limapeza mwayi kuposa winayo ikafika pamitengo ndi ntchito zoperekedwa.
Kuchuluka ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mpikisano pakati pa mabizinesi kudzakula, popeza kupanga mitundu ya "anzeru / olumikizidwa" yazinthu zawo kudzawasandutsa (mwagawo) kukhala makampani opangira data, kugulitsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndi mautumiki ena.
Chiwopsezo cha ochita nawo mpikisano watsopano chidzachepa pang'onopang'ono m'mafakitale ambiri, monga ndalama zokhazikika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupanga zinthu zanzeru (ndi mapulogalamu kuti azitsatira ndi kuziyang'anira pamlingo) zidzakula mopitirira malire oyambira okha.
Pakadali pano, chiwopsezo cha zinthu zolowa m'malo ndi ntchito zidzakula, popeza zinthu zanzeru zitha kusinthidwa, kusinthidwa makonda, kapena kusinthidwanso ngakhale zitagulitsidwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Pomaliza, mphamvu zamalonda za ogulitsa zidzakula, chifukwa kuthekera kwawo kwamtsogolo kutsata, kuyang'anira, ndi kuyang'anira malonda awo kudutsa njira yonse mpaka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kumatha kuwalola kuti asiyane ndi amkhalapakati monga ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa kwathunthu.

IoT imakhudza inu

Zinthu zonse zamabizinesi ndizabwino, koma IoT ingakhudze bwanji tsiku lanu? Chifukwa chimodzi, katundu wanu wolumikizidwa umakhala bwino nthawi zonse kudzera pazosintha zamapulogalamu zomwe zimakulitsa chitetezo chawo komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake.

Pamlingo wozama, "kulumikiza" zinthu zomwe muli nazo zidzalola VA yanu yamtsogolo kukuthandizani kukulitsa moyo wanu. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, moyo wokongoletsedwa umenewu udzakhala chizolowezi pakati pa anthu otukuka, makamaka kwa achinyamata.

IoT ndi Big Brother

Pachikondi chonse chomwe tawonetsa pa IoT, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kukula kwake sikukhala kosalala, komanso sikudzalandiridwa ndi anthu.

Kwa zaka khumi zoyamba za IoT (2008-2018), ndipo ngakhale zaka khumi zachiwiri, IoT ikhala ndi vuto la "Tower of Babel" pomwe zinthu zolumikizidwa zizigwira ntchito pamanetiweki osiyanasiyana omwe sangavutike. kulankhulana wina ndi mzake. Nkhaniyi imachepetsa mphamvu za IoT zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa zimalepheretsa mafakitale ogwira ntchito kuti atuluke m'malo awo antchito ndi ma network, komanso momwe ma VA amathandizira anthu wamba kuwongolera moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.

Komabe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, mphamvu ya zimphona zamakono monga Google, Apple, ndi Microsoft zidzakankhira opanga ku machitidwe ochepa a IoT (omwe ali nawo, ndithudi), ndi maboma ndi asilikali a IoT maukonde otsalira. Kuphatikizika kwa miyezo ya IoT pomaliza kupangitsa kuti maloto a IoT akwaniritsidwe, komanso kubweretsa zoopsa zatsopano.

Chifukwa chimodzi, ngati mamiliyoni kapena mabiliyoni azinthu alumikizidwa ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito wamba, akuti dongosololi likhala chandamale chachikulu chamagulu owononga omwe akuyembekeza kubera zinthu zambiri zamoyo za anthu ndi zochita zawo. Ma hackers, makamaka ma hackers omwe amathandizidwa ndi boma, amatha kuyambitsa zowononga za cyberwar motsutsana ndi mabungwe, zida za boma, ndi zida zankhondo.

Chodetsa nkhawa china chachikulu ndikutayika kwachinsinsi m'dziko lino la IoT. Ngati chilichonse chomwe muli nacho kunyumba ndi chilichonse chomwe mumachita ndi kunja chikhala cholumikizidwa, ndiye kuti pazolinga zonse, mudzakhala mukukhala m'malo owunikira. Chilichonse chomwe mungapange kapena mawu omwe munganene aziwunikidwa, kujambulidwa, ndikuwunikidwa, kotero kuti ntchito za VA zomwe mumalembetsa zitha kukuthandizani kukhala m'dziko lolumikizidwa kwambiri. Koma ngati mutakhala munthu wokonda boma, sizingatengere zambiri kuti Big Brother alowe nawo pagululi.

Ndani adzalamulira dziko la IoT?

Poganizira zokambirana zathu za VAs mu mutu wotsiriza Tsogolo lathu la mndandanda wapaintaneti, ndizotheka kuti zimphona zaukadaulo zomwe zikumanga mbadwo wa ma VA wa mawa - makamaka Google, Apple, ndi Microsoft - ndi omwe opanga zida zamagetsi za IoT azitha kuchita nawo. M'malo mwake, zangoperekedwa: Kuyika ndalama mabiliyoni kuti apange makina awo ogwiritsira ntchito a IoT (pamodzi ndi nsanja zawo za VA) kukulitsa cholinga chawo chokokera ogwiritsa ntchito mozama muzachilengedwe zawo zopindulitsa.

Google ndiyofunika kwambiri kupeza gawo la msika lomwe silingafanane ndi malo a IoT chifukwa chokhala ndi chilengedwe chotseguka komanso maubwenzi omwe alipo ndi zimphona zamagetsi ogula monga Samsung. Mgwirizanowu pawokha umapanga phindu kudzera mukusonkhanitsa deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mapangano a ziphaso ndi ogulitsa ndi opanga.

Zomangamanga zotsekedwa za Apple zitha kukoka gulu laling'ono, lovomerezedwa ndi Apple la opanga pansi pa chilengedwe chake cha IoT. Mofanana ndi masiku ano, chilengedwe chotsekedwachi chikhoza kubweretsa phindu lochulukirapo kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ang'onoang'ono, olemera kwambiri, kuposa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri a Google, koma osalemera. Komanso, Apple ikukula mgwirizano ndi IBM amawona ikulowa mumsika wamakampani wa VA ndi IoT mwachangu kuposa Google.

Poganizira mfundo izi, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti zimphona zaukadaulo zaku America sizingatenge tsogolo kwathunthu. Ngakhale atha kukhala ndi mwayi wofikira ku South America ndi Africa, mayiko omwe ali pachiwopsezo monga Russia ndi China atha kuyika ndalama zawo m'makampani awo aukadaulo kuti apange zomangamanga za IoT kwa anthu awo - onse kuti aziwunika bwino nzika zawo komanso kuti adziteteze ku asitikali aku America. ziwopsezo za pa intaneti. Kutengera ku Europe posachedwa nkhanza motsutsana ndi makampani aukadaulo aku US, ndizotheka kuti asankha njira yapakati pomwe adzalola maukonde a US IoT kugwira ntchito mkati mwa Europe pansi pa malamulo olemetsa a EU.

IoT idzalimbikitsa kukula kwa zovala

Zitha kumveka ngati zopenga lero, koma mkati mwazaka makumi awiri, palibe amene adzafune foni yamakono. Mafoni am'manja nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa ndi zovala. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa ma VA ndi ma IoT maukonde omwe amagwiritsa ntchito atenga ntchito zambiri zomwe mafoni a m'manja akugwira masiku ano, kuchepetsa kufunikira konyamula makompyuta amphamvu kwambiri m'matumba athu. Koma ife tikudzitsogolera tokha pano.

M'gawo lachisanu la Tsogolo lathu lapaintaneti, tiwona momwe ma VA ndi IoT angaphere foni yamakono komanso momwe zobvala zingatisinthire kukhala mfiti zamakono.