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Apolisi odzichitira okha m'dera loyang'anira: Tsogolo la apolisi P2

David Tal, Wofalitsa, Futurist
@DavidTalWrites
LinkedIn

Lolemba, 09/14/2020 - 10:39

Kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo kunkachitidwa ndi asilikali aumunthu ndi maofesala, kulimbikitsa mtendere pakati pa mamembala a midzi, matauni, ndi mizinda. Komabe, ngakhale ayesetse bwanji, apolisiwa sangakhale paliponse, kapena kuteteza aliyense. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, upandu ndi chiwawa zinakhala zofala m’madera ambiri a dziko lapansi.

Koma pazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, matekinoloje atsopano athandiza apolisi athu kuwona chilichonse ndikukhala paliponse. Kuwona umbanda, kugwira zigawenga, mkate ndi mafuta a ntchito ya apolisi zidzakhala zotetezeka, zachangu, komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri chifukwa cha chithandizo cha maso opangidwa ndi malingaliro opangira.

Upandu wochepa. Ziwawa zochepa. Kodi n'chiyani chomwe chingakhale vuto la dziko lomwe likuchulukirachulukira lotetezekali?

Kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kupita ku boma loyang'anira

Mukayang'ana chithunzithunzi chamtsogolo pakuwunika kwa apolisi, munthu asayang'anenso ku United Kingdom. Ndi kuyerekeza miliyoni 5.9 Makamera a CCTV, UK yakhala dziko loyang'aniridwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Komabe, anthu amene amatsutsa gulu limeneli nthawi zonse amanena kuti maso amagetsi amenewa sathandiza kwenikweni popewa umbanda, ngakhalenso kumangidwa. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa maukonde amakono a CCTV aku UK ali ndi makamera otetezeka 'osayankhula' omwe amangotenga mavidiyo osatha. Nthawi zambiri, dongosololi limadalirabe akatswiri ofufuza za anthu kuti afufuze zonse zomwe zawonetsedwa, kulumikiza madontho, kuti apeze zigawenga ndikuwalumikiza ku mlandu.

Monga momwe munthu angaganizire, makamera awa, limodzi ndi antchito akuluakulu ofunikira kuti awayang'anire, ndi ndalama zambiri. Ndipo kwazaka zambiri, ndi ndalama zomwe zachepetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma CCTV amtundu waku UK padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, monga zikuwonekera nthawi zonse masiku ano, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwaposachedwa kukutsitsa mitengo ndikulimbikitsa ma dipatimenti apolisi ndi ma municipalities padziko lonse lapansi kuti alingalirenso momwe amawonera kuwunika kwakukulu.

Tekinoloje yowunikira yomwe ikubwera

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zodziwikiratu: makamera a CCTV (chitetezo). Pofika chaka cha 2025, pulogalamu yatsopano yaukadaulo yamakamera ndi makanema yomwe ikubwera lero ipangitsa makamera a CCTV mawa kukhala odziwa zonse.

Kuyambira ndi chipatso chotsika cholendewera, chaka chilichonse makamera a CCTV akukhala ang'onoang'ono, osagwirizana ndi nyengo, komanso amakhala nthawi yayitali. Iwo akutenga apamwamba kusamvana kanema kanema mu zosiyanasiyana mavidiyo akamagwiritsa. Atha kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya CCTV popanda zingwe, ndipo kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa solar panel kumatanthauza kuti atha kudzipangira okha mphamvu.

Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, kupita patsogolo kumeneku kukupangitsa makamera a CCTV kukhala okongola kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu komanso payekha, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa malonda awo, kuchepetsa mtengo wamagulu awo, ndikupanga malingaliro abwino omwe azidzawona makamera a CCTV ambiri amaikidwa m'madera omwe muli anthu chaka ndi chaka. .

Pofika chaka cha 2025, makamera akuluakulu a CCTV adzakhala ndi malingaliro okwanira kuti awerenge anthu 40 mtunda, kupanga ziphaso zowerengera za ana ambiri. Ndipo pofika chaka cha 2030, azitha kuzindikira kugwedezeka pamlingo wamphindi momwe angathere konzanso zolankhula kudzera mu galasi losamveka.

Ndipo tisaiwale kuti makamera amenewa samangomangirizidwa kumakona a denga kapena m’mbali mwa nyumba, amamvekanso phokoso pamwamba pa madenga. Apolisi ndi ma drones achitetezo adzakhalanso odziwika pofika chaka cha 2025, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira madera omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi umbanda ndikupatsa ma dipatimenti apolisi kuwona zenizeni za mzindawo - chinthu chomwe chimakhala chothandiza kwambiri pakuthamangitsa magalimoto. Ma drones awa adzakhalanso ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zapadera, monga makamera a thermographic kuti azindikire kukula kwa mphika m'malo okhalamo kapena kachitidwe ka ma laser ndi masensa kupeza mafakitale opanga mabomba osaloledwa.

Pamapeto pake, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumeneku kudzapatsa ma dipatimenti apolisi zida zamphamvu kwambiri zodziwira zigawenga, koma iyi ndi theka chabe la nkhaniyi. Madipatimenti apolisi sangagwire ntchito bwino chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa makamera a CCTV okha; m'malo mwake, apolisi adzatembenukira ku Silicon Valley ndi asilikali kuti akhale ndi maukonde awo anaziika mothandizidwa ndi deta lalikulu ndi nzeru yokumba (AI).

Zambiri komanso luntha lochita kupanga kumbuyo kwaukadaulo wamawu wamawa

Kubwerera ku chitsanzo chathu cha UK, dziko lino likukonzekera kupanga makamera awo 'osayankhula' kukhala 'anzeru' pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu amphamvu a AI. Dongosolo ili idzayang'ana pazithunzi zonse za CCTV zojambulidwa (zambiri) kuti zizindikire zochitika zokayikitsa ndi nkhope zomwe zili ndi mbiri yakale. The Scotland Yard idzagwiritsanso ntchito dongosololi kutsata mayendedwe a zigawenga kudutsa mizinda komanso pakati pa mizinda kaya akuyenda wapansi, galimoto, kapena sitima.

Zomwe chitsanzochi chikuwonetsa ndi tsogolo lomwe deta yayikulu ndi AI ziyamba kuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri momwe madipatimenti apolisi amagwirira ntchito.

Makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito deta yayikulu ndi AI kudzalola kuti mzinda wonse ugwiritse ntchito kuzindikira kwamaso. Uwu ndi ukadaulo wowonjezera pamakamera a CCTV amzindawu omwe posachedwapa alola kuti anthu adziwe zenizeni zenizeni za anthu omwe ajambulidwa pa kamera iliyonse - chinthu chomwe chingathandize kuthetsa vuto la anthu omwe akusowa, othawa kwawo, komanso zomwe akuwakayikira. Mwanjira ina, si chida chopanda vuto chomwe Facebook imagwiritsa ntchito kukuyikani zithunzi.

Zikagwirizana bwino, ma CCTV, data yayikulu, ndi AI pamapeto pake zidzayambitsa mtundu watsopano wapolisi.

Makina oyendetsera malamulo

Masiku ano, zomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nazo pazachitetezo chokhazikika pamakamera apamsewu omwe amakujambulani mukusangalala ndi msewu wotseguka womwe umatumizidwa kwa inu limodzi ndi tikiti yothamanga. Koma makamera apamsewu amangoyang'ana pamwamba pa zomwe zidzatheke posachedwa. M'malo mwake, zigawenga za mawa zidzayamba kuchita mantha kwambiri ndi maloboti ndi AI kuposa momwe angachitire apolisi aumunthu.

Taganizirani izi:

Makamera ang'onoang'ono a CCTV amayikidwa mu mzinda kapena tawuni.
Makanema omwe amajambula makamerawa amagawidwa munthawi yeniyeni ndi makompyuta apamwamba omwe amakhala mkati mwa dipatimenti ya apolisi m'deralo kapena nyumba ya sheriff.
Tsiku lonse, kompyuta yapamwambayi imazindikira nkhope iliyonse ndi laisensi yomwe makamera amajambula pagulu. Makompyuta apamwamba amasanthulanso zochitika zokayikitsa za anthu kapena machitidwe, monga kusiya chikwama osayang'aniridwa, kuyendayenda, kapena munthu akamazungulira chipika ka 20 kapena 30. Dziwani kuti makamerawa amajambulanso mawu, kuwalola kuzindikira ndi kupeza komwe kumachokera kulira kwamfuti komwe amalembetsa.
Metadata iyi (yachidziwitso chachikulu) imagawidwa ndi boma kapena federal level AI system ya apolisi mumtambo yomwe imafanizira metadata iyi motsutsana ndi nkhokwe za apolisi za zigawenga, katundu wachigawenga, ndi machitidwe odziwika a umbanda.
Ngati AI yapakati iyi ipeza zofananira - kaya idazindikiritsa munthu yemwe ali ndi mbiri yaupandu kapena chilolezo chogwira ntchito, galimoto yabedwa kapena galimoto yomwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi yaupandu wolinganizidwa, ngakhale mindandanda yokayikitsa yamisonkhano yamunthu ndi munthu kapena kuzindikira. za nkhonya-masewerawa adzalunjikitsidwa ku dipatimenti ya apolisi yofufuza ndi kutumiza maofesi kuti akawunikenso.
Akawunikiridwa ndi oyang'anira anthu, ngati masewerawa akuwonedwa ngati osaloledwa kapena ngati nkhani yoti afufuzidwe, apolisi adzatumizidwa kuti akalowerere kapena kufufuza.
Kuchokera pamenepo, AI ipeza okha apolisi omwe ali pafupi nawo (mawonekedwe a Uber), kuwawuza za nkhaniyi (mawonekedwe a Siri), kuwatsogolera kuumbanda kapena machitidwe okayikitsa (mapu a Google) ndikuwalangiza zabwino. njira yothetsera vutoli.
Kapenanso, AI ikhoza kulangizidwa kuti ingoyang'anira zomwe zikukayikitsa, momwe imatsata munthu kapena galimoto yomwe ikuganiziridwa mtawuni yonse popanda wokayikirayo kudziwa. AI idzatumiza zosintha pafupipafupi kwa wapolisi yemwe amayang'anira mlanduwo mpaka atalangizidwa kuti ayime pansi kapena kuyambitsa zomwe tafotokozazi.

Zochita zonse izi tsiku lina zidzagwira ntchito mwachangu kuposa nthawi yomwe mwangowerenga. Kuphatikiza apo, zipangitsanso kuti kumangidwa kukhale kotetezeka kwa onse omwe akukhudzidwa, popeza apolisi a AI adzafotokozera apolisi za momwe zinthu ziliri panjira yopita kumalo ochitira zachiwembu, komanso kugawana zambiri za mbiri ya woganiziridwayo (kuphatikiza mbiri yaupandu ndi ziwawa) CCTV yachiwiri. kamera imateteza ID yolondola yozindikira nkhope.

Koma tili pamutuwu, tiyeni titengere lingaliro ili lachitetezo chokhazikika panjira ina - nthawi ino ndikuyambitsa ma drones pakusakanikirana.

Taganizirani izi:

M'malo moyika makamera masauzande ambiri a CCTV, dipatimenti ya apolisi yomwe ikufunsidwayo ikuganiza zopanga ndalama zambiri, zambiri mpaka mazana ambiri, zomwe zidzayang'anire tawuni yonseyo, makamaka m'malo omwe anthu ambiri akuphwanya malamulo.
Apolisi a AI adzagwiritsa ntchito ma droneswa kutsata anthu omwe akuwakayikira mtawuni yonseyo ndipo (panthawi yadzidzidzi pomwe wapolisi wapafupi wa anthu ali kutali kwambiri) amawongolera ma droneswa kuti athamangitse ndi kugonjetsera anthu omwe akuwakayikira asanawononge katundu kapena kuvulala koopsa.
Pachifukwa ichi, ma drones adzakhala ndi zida za tasers ndi zida zina zosapha-chinthu akuyesedwa kale.
Ndipo ngati mungaphatikizepo magalimoto apolisi odziyendetsa okha kuti anyamule, ndiye kuti ma droneswa amatha kumaliza kumangidwa popanda wapolisi m'modzi yemwe akukhudzidwa.

Ponseponse, maukonde owunikira omwe athandizidwa ndi AI posachedwapa akhala muyeso womwe madipatimenti apolisi padziko lonse lapansi angatengere kuti aziyang'anira ma municipalities awo. Ubwino wa kusinthaku ndi monga njira yachilengedwe yoletsa umbanda m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, kugawa bwino apolisi m'malo omwe amakonda umbanda, nthawi yoyankha mwachangu kuti asokoneze zigawenga, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwidwa ndi kuweruzidwa. Ndipo komabe, pazabwino zake zonse, maukonde owunikira awa akuyenera kukhala ochulukirapo kuposa gawo lake labwino la otsutsa.

Nkhawa zachinsinsi mkati mwa boma loyang'anira apolisi

Tsogolo loyang'aniridwa ndi apolisi lomwe tikulowera ndi tsogolo lomwe mzinda uliwonse uli ndi makamera masauzande ambiri a CCTV omwe tsiku lililonse amatenga maola masauzande ambiri akukhamukira, ma data ma petabytes. Kuwunika kwa boma kumeneku sikudzakhala kofananako m’mbiri ya anthu. Mwachibadwa, izi zimakhudzidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa zida zowunikira komanso zozindikiritsa zomwe zikupezeka pamitengo yotsika pachaka, nthambi za apolisi zidzalimbikitsidwa kuti zitole zambiri za nzika zomwe akuwatumikira - DNA, zitsanzo zamawu, ma tattoo, mayendedwe oyenda, zonsezi zosiyanasiyana. mitundu ya zizindikiritso zamunthu izikhala pamanja (ndipo nthawi zina, zokha) zosankhidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosadziwika bwino m'tsogolo.

Pamapeto pake, kukakamizidwa kwa anthu ovota kudzawona malamulo akhazikitsidwa omwe amawonetsetsa kuti palibe metadata ya zochitika zawo zovomerezeka zomwe zasungidwa m'makompyuta aboma kwamuyaya. Ngakhale zinali zokanidwa poyamba, mtengo wosungira zochulukira komanso zochulukira za metadata zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi ma CCTV anzeru awa zipangitsa kuti lamulo loletsa izi liperekedwe chifukwa chanzeru zachuma.

Malo otetezeka m'matauni

Tikayang'ana kutali, kupita patsogolo kwa apolisi odzichitira okha, mothandizidwa ndi kukwera kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino ka anthu, pamapeto pake kupangitsa kukhala m'matauni kukhala kotetezeka, ndendende panthawi yomwe anthu akungoyang'ana m'matauni kuposa kale lonse (werengani zambiri izi m'mabuku athu. Tsogolo la Mizinda mndandanda).

Mumzinda womwe mulibe njira yakumbuyo yobisika ku makamera a CCTV ndi ma drones, wachifwamba wamba amakakamizika kuganiza kawiri za komwe, momwe amachitira komanso kwa ndani. Vuto lowonjezerekali pamapeto pake lidzakulitsa mtengo waupandu, zomwe zitha kusintha kawerengedwe ka malingaliro mpaka pomwe zigawenga zina zotsika zimawona kukhala kopindulitsa kupeza ndalama kuposa kuba.

Momwemonso, kukhala ndi AI yoyang'anira kuyang'anira zachitetezo ndikudziwitsa olamulira zokha pakachitika zokayikitsa kumachepetsa mtengo wachitetezo chonse. Izi zidzabweretsa kusefukira kwa eni nyumba okhala ndi nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mautumikiwa, pamapeto otsika komanso apamwamba.

Pamapeto pake, moyo wa anthu udzakhala wotetezeka m'matauni omwe angakwanitse kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira komanso zowongolera apolisi. Ndipo pamene machitidwewa amatsika mtengo pakapita nthawi, ndizotheka kuti ambiri adzatero.

Mbali ina ya chithunzi chosangalatsachi ndi chakuti m'malo omwe zigawenga zadzaza, malo ena osatetezeka kwambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa zigawenga. Ndipo zigawenga zikachulukana kuchokera kudziko lapansi, anzeru kwambiri komanso okonzekera bwino adzaukira dziko lathu lonse la cyber. Phunzirani zambiri mumutu XNUMX wa Tsogolo la Upolisi pansipa.