Kuphatikiza anthu ndi AI kuti apange ma cyberbrains apamwamba

Kodi kafukufuku wa AI panjira yotipatsa ma cyberbrains onse?

Lingaliro la mizukwa lakhalapo kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Lingaliro loti titha kukhala mizukwa posunga chidziwitso chathu kudzera pa cybernetics ndi lingaliro lamakono. Zomwe kale zinali m'magawo a anime ndi zopeka za sayansi tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma lab padziko lonse lapansi - ngakhale m'mabwalo akumbuyo. Ndipo kufika pamenepo kuli pafupi kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira.

Mkati mwa theka la zaka zana, tikuuzidwa kuyembekezera kuti kulumikizana kwa ubongo ndi makompyuta kudzakhala chizolowezi. Iwalani mafoni anzeru ndi zobvala, ubongo wathu womwewo uzitha kulowa mumtambo. Kapena mwinamwake ubongo wathu udzakhala wopangidwa ndi makompyuta kotero kuti malingaliro athu amakhala mbali yake. Koma pakali pano, zinthu zambiri zoterezi zikugwira ntchito.

AI Drive ya Google

Katswiri wamkulu waukadaulo komanso wosatopa, Google, akuyesetsa kupititsa patsogolo luntha lochita kupanga kuti likhale gawo lotsatira pakukhalapo kwa munthu. Izi si chinsinsi. Ndi mapulojekiti monga Google Glass, Self-Driving Google Car, kupezeka kwake kwa Nest Labs, Boston Dynamics, ndi DeepMind (ndi labotale yake yokulirapo ya intelligence intelligence laboratory), pali kukakamiza kwakukulu kuti atseke kusiyana pakati pa anthu ndi makina, ndi pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zopangidwira kuti zipititse patsogolo ndikuwongolera miyoyo yathu.

Kupyolera mu kuphatikiza kwa robotics, nzeru zodziwikiratu, zopangira nzeru komanso kuphunzira pamakina, mothandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa machitidwe ogula, palibe kukayika kuti Google ili ndi zokhumba zanthawi yayitali pakuthana ndi AI. M'malo mopereka ndemanga, Google idandilozera ku zofalitsa zake zaposachedwa, pomwe ndidapeza mazana a zofalitsa zokhudzana ndi kuphunzira pamakina, luntha lochita kupanga, komanso kulumikizana kwa makompyuta a anthu. Ndinadziwitsidwa kuti cholinga cha Google ndi "kupanga zinthu zothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu, choncho timakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri zopindulitsa."

Zimenezo n’zomveka. M'kanthawi kochepa, Google ikukonzekera kupanga zinthu zomwe zimatha kusonkhanitsa deta yathu yamakhalidwe, njira zathu zolankhulirana, ndikuyembekezera zomwe tikufuna tisanadziwe tokha. Pamene kafukufuku wa cybernetics akupita patsogolo, zotsatsa zamunthu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa zimatha kukhala zamatsenga, zomwe zimatumizidwa mwachindunji kuubongo wathu kufunafuna chinthu china.

Kupeza Umodzi

Kuti zomwe zili pamwambazi zichitike, kukhala amodzi —pamene anthu ndi makompyuta aphatikizana kukhala amodzi — ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa kaye. Ray Kurzweil, woyambitsa wolemekezeka, wodziwika bwino wamtsogolo komanso Mtsogoleri wa Engineering ku Google, ali ndi mphamvu ndi masomphenya kuti awone izi zikuchitika. Iye wakhala akuneneratu zolondola pa zamakono kwa zaka 30. Ndipo ngati akunena zoona, anthu adzakhala akuyang’anizana ndi dziko latsopano lamphamvu.

Zopangira ubongo zowonjezera zili m'malingaliro ake; Kurzweil pakali pano akugwira ntchito yopanga nzeru zamakina komanso kumvetsetsa chilankhulo chachilengedwe ku Google. Iye wafotokoza momwe tsogolo layandikira lidzawoneka ngati luso lamakono likupita patsogolo momwe likuchitira.

M'zaka khumi zikubwerazi AI idzafanana ndi nzeru zaumunthu, ndipo ndi kufulumira kwa kukula kwa sayansi, AI idzapita kutali kuposa nzeru zaumunthu. Makina adzagawana nzeru zawo nthawi yomweyo ndipo nanorobots idzaphatikizidwa m'matupi athu ndi ubongo, kuonjezera moyo wathu ndi luntha. Pofika 2030, ma neocortices athu adzakhala olumikizidwa ndi mtambo. Ndipo ichi ndi chiyambi chabe. Chisinthiko chaumunthu chingakhale chinatenga zaka mazana masauzande kuti tifikitse luntha lathu kumene lilili lerolino, koma chithandizo chaumisiri chidzatisonkhezera kambirimbiri kupitirira pamenepo m’zaka zosakwana theka la zana. Pofika chaka cha 2045, Kurzweil akulosera kuti nzeru zosakhala zamoyo zidzayamba kudzipanga ndikudzikonza zokha mofulumira; kupita patsogolo kudzachitika mofulumira kwambiri kwakuti luntha lachibadwa la munthu silidzakhalanso lokwanira.

Kupambana Mayeso a Turing

Mayeso a Turing, omwe adayambitsidwa ndi Alan Turing mu 1950, ndi masewera pakati pa anthu ndi makompyuta pomwe woweruza amakhala ndi zokambirana ziwiri mphindi zisanu kudzera pa kompyuta-imodzi ndi munthu ndi imodzi ndi AI.

Kenako woweruzayo ayenera kusankha malinga ndi zomwe akukambirana. Cholinga chachikulu ndikufanizira kuyanjana kwa anthu mpaka woweruza samazindikira kuti akukambirana ndi kompyuta.

Posachedwapa, chatbot yomwe imadziwika kuti Eugene Goostman yalengezedwa kuti yapambana Mayeso a Turing ndi malire ang'onoang'ono. Otsutsa ake, komabe, amakayikirabe. Pokhala ngati mnyamata wazaka 13 wochokera ku Ukraine, ndi Chingerezi monga chinenero chake chachiwiri, Goostman adatha kutsimikizira oweruza 10 mwa 30 a Royal Society kuti anali munthu. Koma amene alankhula naye sakhulupirira. Zonena kuti zolankhula zake zimamveka ngati zachiloboti, zongoyerekeza, zongopeka.

AI, pakadali pano, akadali chinyengo. Mapulogalamu olembedwa mochenjera amatha kuwoneka ngati akukambirana, koma sizitanthauza kuti kompyuta ikudziganizira yokha. Kumbukirani gawo la Nambala3rs zomwe zinali ndi kompyuta yayikulu yaboma yomwe imati idathetsa AI. Zonse zinali utsi ndi magalasi. Avatar yaumunthu yomwe imatha kulumikizidwa nayo inali façade. Ikhoza kubwereza zokambirana za anthu mwangwiro, koma sizikanatha kuchita zambiri. Monga ma chatbots onse, imagwiritsa ntchito AI yofewa, kutanthauza kuti imayenda pa algorithm yokhazikika yodalira database kuti isankhe zotuluka zoyenera pazolowetsa zathu. Kuti makina aphunzire kuchokera kwa ife, afunika kutolera okha deta pamachitidwe athu ndi zizolowezi zathu, kenako ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pazokambirana zamtsogolo.

Kukhala Avatar Yanu

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, pafupifupi aliyense tsopano ali ndi moyo pa intaneti. Koma bwanji ngati moyo umenewo ukanakonzedwa, kotero kuti ena angalankhule nawo ndi kuganiza kuti ndi inu? Kurzweil ali ndi ndondomeko ya izo. Amanenedwa kuti akufuna kuukitsa bambo ake omwe anamwalira pogwiritsa ntchito avatar ya pakompyuta. Pokhala ndi makalata akale, zikalata, ndi zithunzi, akuyembekeza kuti tsiku lina adzagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsocho, ndi kukumbukira kwake monga chothandizira, kupanga chithunzi chofanana ndi cha abambo ake.

Poyankhulana ndi ABC Nightline, Kurzweil adanena kuti "[c] kugwiritsira ntchito avatar yamtunduwu ndi njira imodzi yophatikizira chidziwitsochi m'njira yomwe anthu angagwirizane nayo. Mwachibadwa ndi umunthu kupitirira malire ". Ngati pulogalamu yotereyi ikhala yodziwika bwino, ikhoza kukhala memoir yatsopano. M'malo mongosiya mbiri yathu, kodi tingasiyire mzukwa wathu m'malo mwake?

Kukhazikitsa Ubongo Wathu Pakompyuta

Pokhala ndi maulosi a Kurzweil m'maganizo, zikhoza kukhala kuti chinachake chachikulu chikusungidwa. Kupyolera mu chithandizo chaumisiri, kodi tingathe kukhala ndi moyo wosakhoza kufa wa pakompyuta ndi kufika poti anthu angathe kukopera maganizo athunthu ndi kupanga makompyuta?

Zaka zapitazo, pa maphunziro anga a undergraduate cognitive neuroscience, zokambirana zidasokonekera pamutu wa chidziwitso. Ndikukumbukira pulofesa wanga akunena kuti, "Ngakhale titha kupanga mapu a ubongo wa munthu ndi kupanga chithunzi chonse cha makompyuta, kodi zotsatira za kuyerekezera ndizofanana ndi chidziwitso?"

Tangoganizani tsiku limene thupi lonse la munthu ndi maganizo angayesedwe kukhala makina ongojambula ubongo. Izi zimadzutsa mafunso ambiri kuti adziwe. Kupititsa patsogolo kwaukadaulo ku ubongo ndi matupi athu kungapangitse kuti tidziwike, ndipo ndi mphamvu imeneyo pali funso loti kusintha kwathunthu kumakina kumaphatikizapo chiyani. Ngakhale ma doppelgangers athu opangidwa ndi makina atha kukwanitsa Mayeso a Turing, kodi kukhalako kwatsopanoko kungakhale ine? Kapena kodi zikanakhala ine kokha ngati thupi langa loyambirira laumunthu litazimitsidwa? Kodi ma nuances omwe ali muubongo wanga, omwe ali mu majini anga angasamutsidwe? Ngakhale ukadaulo utifikitsa pomwe titha kusinthanso uinjiniya wa ubongo wamunthu, kodi tidzatha kusinthanso uinjiniya wamunthu payekha?

Kurzweil akuganiza choncho. Polemba pa webusaiti yake, iye anati:

Titha kusanthula zonse zodziwika bwino zaubongo wathu kuchokera mkati, pogwiritsa ntchito mabiliyoni a nanobots mu ma capillaries. Ndiye tikhoza kudziwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kupanga kwa nanotechnology, titha kupanganso ubongo wanu, kapena bwino kuwuyikanso mugawo lamphamvu lakompyuta.

Posachedwapa, tonse tikhala tikuthamanga ndi ma prosthesis athunthu kuti tisunge ma cyberbrains athu. Anime, Mzimu mu Nkhono,ili ndi gulu lachitetezo lapadera lolimbana ndi zigawenga zapaintaneti —owopsa kwambiri mwa omwe angabere munthu. Mzimu mu Nkhono idakhazikitsidwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 21. Malinga ndi maulosi a Kurzweil, nthawi ya tsogolo lotheka ili yoyenera.