Universal Basic Income imachiritsa kusowa kwa ntchito

ZITHUNZI CREDIT: Quantumrun

Universal Basic Income imachiritsa kusowa kwa ntchito

    Pakadutsa zaka makumi awiri, mudzakhala ndi moyo automation Revolution. Ino ndi nthawi yomwe timasintha magawo akulu amsika wantchito ndi maloboti ndi machitidwe anzeru zaluso (AI). Mamiliyoni ambiri adzachotsedwa ntchito—mwayi inunso mudzachotsedwa ntchito.

    M'malo omwe ali pano, mayiko amakono komanso azachuma onse sangapulumuke kusowa kwa ntchito kumeneku. Iwo sanapangidwe kutero. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muzaka makumi awiri, mudzakhalanso ndi moyo mukusintha kwachiwiri pakupanga njira yatsopano yothandizira: Universal Basic Income (UBI).

    Pamndandanda wathu wonse wa Tsogolo la Ntchito, takhala tikufufuza zaukadaulo wosaimitsidwa pakufuna kuwononga msika wantchito. Zomwe sitinafufuze ndi zida zomwe maboma angagwiritsire ntchito kuthandizira unyinji wa ukadaulo wa ogwira ntchito osagwira ntchito. UBI ndi chimodzi mwa zidazi, ndipo ku Quantumrun, tikuwona kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe maboma amtsogolo adzagwiritse ntchito pofika m'ma 2030s.

    Kodi Universal Basic Income ndi chiyani?

    Ndizosavuta modabwitsa: UBI ndi ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa nzika zonse (olemera ndi osauka) payekhapayekha komanso mopanda malire, mwachitsanzo, popanda kuyesa njira kapena ntchito. Ndi boma kukupatsirani ndalama zaulere mwezi uliwonse.

    M'malo mwake, ziyenera kumveka ngati zodziwika bwino poganizira kuti anthu okalamba amalandira zinthu zomwezo monga chithandizo chapamwezi. Koma ndi UBI, timati, 'N'chifukwa chiyani timangodalira akuluakulu kuti azisamalira ndalama za boma zaulere?'

    Mu 1967, Martin Luther King Jr. anati, "Njira yothetsera umphawi ndikuthetsa mwachindunji ndi njira yomwe ikukambidwa kwambiri: ndalama zotsimikizika." Ndipo si iye yekha amene wapanga mkangano umenewu. Akatswiri azachuma a Nobel Prize, kuphatikiza Milton Friedman, Paul Krugman, FA Hayek, mwa ena, athandiziranso UBI. Richard Nixon adayesanso kupititsa mtundu wa UBI mu 1969, ngakhale sanachite bwino. Ndiwotchuka pakati pa opita patsogolo ndi osamala; ndi mfundo chabe zomwe amatsutsana nazo.

    Pakadali pano, ndizachilengedwe kufunsa: Kodi phindu la UBI ndi chiyani, kupatula kulandira malipiro aulere pamwezi?

    Zotsatira za UBI pamunthu payekha

    Mukadutsa pamndandanda wazochapira wa zabwino za UBI, ndibwino kuti muyambe ndi Joe wamba. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chikoka chachikulu chomwe UBI ingakhale nacho pa inu mwachindunji ndikuti mudzalemera madola mazana angapo mpaka masauzande angapo mwezi uliwonse. Zikumveka zosavuta, koma pali njira zambiri kuposa izo. Ndi UBI, mudzapeza:

    • Moyo wotsimikizika wotsimikizika. Ngakhale kuti khalidwe la muyezo umenewu lingakhale losiyana m’mayiko osiyanasiyana, simudzadandaula za kukhala ndi ndalama zokwanira kudya, kuvala, ndi nyumba. Kuopa kusowa, kusakhala ndi zokwanira kuti mukhale ndi moyo ngati mutachotsedwa ntchito kapena kudwala, sikudzakhalanso chinthu chofunikira popanga zisankho.
    • Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso thanzi labwino podziwa kuti UBI yanu idzakhalapo kuti ikuthandizireni panthawi yamavuto. Tsiku ndi tsiku, ambiri aife sitivomereza kupsinjika, mkwiyo, kaduka, ngakhale kukhumudwa komwe timanyamula m'khosi chifukwa choopa kusowa - UBI imachepetsa malingaliro oyipawo.
    • Thanzi labwino, popeza UBI ikuthandizani kuti mupeze chakudya chabwinoko, umembala wa masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala pakafunika (ahem, USA).
    • Ufulu wokulirapo wofunafuna ntchito yopindulitsa kwambiri. UBI ikupatsani mwayi woti mutenge nthawi yanu mukasaka ntchito, m'malo mokakamizidwa kapena kukhazikika pantchito yolipira lendi. (Izo ziyenera kugogomezedwanso kuti anthu adzalandira UBI ngakhale atakhala ndi ntchito; nthawizina, UBI idzakhala yowonjezera.)
    • Ufulu wokulirapo kuti mupitirize maphunziro anu pafupipafupi kuti muzolowera kusintha kwa msika wantchito.
    • Kudziyimira pawokha kwachuma chenicheni kuchokera kwa anthu, mabungwe, ngakhale maubwenzi ozunza omwe amayesa kukulamulirani chifukwa chakusowa kwanu. 

    Zotsatira za UBI pamabizinesi

    Kwa mabizinesi, UBI ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Kumbali ina, ogwira ntchito azikhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo kuposa owalemba ntchito, chifukwa ukonde wawo wachitetezo wa UBI udzawalola kukana ntchito. Izi zidzakulitsa mpikisano wa talente pakati pa makampani omwe akupikisana nawo, kuwakakamiza kuti apatse antchito zopindulitsa zambiri, zoyambira malipiro, ndi malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito.

    Kumbali ina, mpikisano wowonjezerekawu wa ogwira ntchito udzachepetsa kufunika kwa mabungwe. Malamulo ogwirira ntchito adzamasulidwa kapena kuthetsedwa mwaunyinji, ndikumasula msika wantchito. Mwachitsanzo, maboma sadzamenyeranso malipiro ochepa pamene zofunikira za moyo wa aliyense zikukwaniritsidwa ndi UBI. Kwa mafakitale ndi zigawo zina, zidzalola makampani kuchepetsa malipiro awo poona UBI ngati thandizo la boma pa malipiro awo ogwira ntchito (ofanana ndi Kuchita kwa Walmart lero).

    Pamlingo waukulu, UBI ipangitsa mabizinesi ochulukirapo. Ingoganizirani moyo wanu ndi UBI kwakanthawi. Ndi ukonde wachitetezo wa UBI ukuthandizirani, mutha kuchita zoopsa zambiri ndikuyamba bizinesi yomwe mwakhala mukuyiganizira, makamaka popeza mudzakhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo komanso ndalama zoyambira bizinesi.

    Zotsatira za UBI pazachuma

    Poganizira mfundo yomaliza yokhudzana ndi kuphulika kwa bizinesi komwe UBI ingakulire, mwina ndi nthawi yabwino kukhudza momwe UBI ingakhudzire chuma chonse. Pokhala ndi UBI m'malo, titha:

    • Thandizani bwino mamiliyoni omwe achotsedwa pantchito chifukwa cha makina odzipangira okha omwe afotokozedwa m'mitu yapitayi ya Tsogolo la Ntchito ndi Tsogolo la Chuma. UBI idzatsimikizira moyo woyambira, womwe udzapatse anthu osagwira ntchito komanso mtendere wamalingaliro kuti abwererenso msika wamtsogolo wantchito.
    • Kuzindikira bwino, kubwezera, ndi kuyamikira ntchito zomwe kale zinali zosalipidwa ndi zosazindikirika, monga kulera ana ndi kusamalira odwala ndi okalamba kunyumba.
    • (Zodabwitsa) chotsani chilimbikitso chokhala opanda ntchito. Dongosolo lamakonoli limalanga anthu osowa ntchito akapeza ntchito chifukwa akapeza ntchito, malipiro awo owathandiza amachotsedwa, kaŵirikaŵiri amawasiya kugwira ntchito nthaŵi zonse popanda chiwonjezeko chowonekera cha ndalama zawo. Ndi UBI, cholepheretsa kugwira ntchitochi sichidzakhalaponso, chifukwa nthawi zonse mumalandira ndalama zomwezo, kupatula malipiro a ntchito yanu adzawonjezera.
    • Ganizirani mosavuta zakusintha misonkho kopitilira muyeso popanda mikangano ya 'gulu lankhondo' zomwe zimawatsekereza - mwachitsanzo ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe anthu amapeza madzulo, kufunikira kwa mabulaketi amisonkho kumatha ntchito. Kukhazikitsa zosintha zotere kungamveke bwino komanso kufewetsa misonkho yomwe ilipo, ndikuchepetsa kubweza kwanu kwa msonkho kukhala tsamba limodzi la pepala.
    • Wonjezerani ntchito zachuma. Kufotokozera mwachidule za chiphunzitso chokhazikika cha ndalama Kugwiritsa ntchito mpaka ziganizo ziwiri: Ndalama zomwe mumapeza pano ndikuphatikiza ndalama zokhazikika (malipiro ndi ndalama zina zomwe zimabwerezedwa) kuphatikiza ndalama zosakhalitsa (kupambana njuga, maupangiri, mabonasi). Ndalama zosakhalitsa timasunga chifukwa sitingathe kudalira kuti tidzazipezanso mwezi wotsatira, pamene ndalama zokhazikika timawononga chifukwa tikudziwa kuti malipiro athu otsatira atsala ndi mwezi umodzi wokha. Ndi UBI ikukulitsa ndalama zokhazikika za nzika zonse, chuma chidzakwera kwambiri pakuwononga ndalama kwamakasitomala.
    • Kukulitsa chuma kudzera mu fiscal multiplier effect, njira yachuma yotsimikiziridwa yomwe imalongosola momwe dola yowonjezera yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito zotsika mtengo ikuwonjezera $ 1.21 ku chuma cha dziko, poyerekeza ndi masenti 39 omwe amawonjezeredwa pamene wopeza ndalama zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito dola yomweyo (manambala owerengedwa za chuma cha US). Ndipo kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amalandila malipiro ochepa komanso bowa osagwira ntchito posachedwa chifukwa cha maloboti omwe amadya ntchito, kuchulukitsa kwa UBI kudzakhala kofunikira kwambiri kuteteza thanzi lazachuma. 

    Zotsatira za UBI paboma

    Maboma anu aboma ndi zigawo/maboma awonanso zabwino zambiri pakukhazikitsa UBI. Izi zikuphatikiza zochepetsedwa:

    • Ulamuliro wa boma. M'malo moyang'anira ndikuwongolera mapulogalamu ambiri azaumoyo (US yatero Mapulogalamu 79 oyesedwa), mapulogalamuwa onse adzalowedwa m'malo ndi pulogalamu imodzi ya UBI-kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyendetsera boma ndi ntchito.
    • Chinyengo ndi zinyalala zochokera kwa anthu omwe amasewera machitidwe osiyanasiyana azaumoyo. Ganizirani izi motere: poyang'ana ndalama zothandizira mabanja m'malo mwa munthu payekha, dongosololi limalimbikitsa mabanja a kholo limodzi, pamene kukweza ndalama zomwe amapeza kumalepheretsa kupeza ntchito. Ndi UBI, zotsatira zotsutsanazi zimachepetsedwa ndipo dongosolo lazaumoyo limakhala losavuta.
    • Anthu olowa m'dziko losaloledwa, monga anthu omwe adaganizapo zodumphira mpanda wamalire adzazindikira kuti ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kulembetsa unzika kuti mupeze UBI yadzikolo.
    • Kupanga mfundo zomwe zimasala anthu ena powagawa m'magulu osiyanasiyana amisonkho. M'malo mwake maboma angagwiritse ntchito malamulo a misonkho ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza, potero kufewetsa malamulo ndi kuchepetsa nkhondo zamagulu.
    • Zipolowe za anthu, monga umphawi udzathetsedwa bwino ndi moyo wokhazikika wotsimikiziridwa ndi boma. Zachidziwikire, UBI sidzatsimikizira dziko lopanda ziwonetsero kapena zipolowe, kuchuluka kwawo kudzachepetsedwa m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.

    Zitsanzo zenizeni zapadziko lonse lapansi za zotsatira za UBI pagulu

    Pochotsa kugwirizana pakati pa ndalama ndi ntchito kuti munthu apulumuke, mtengo wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito, yolipidwa kapena yosalipidwa, idzayamba kuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa dongosolo la UBI, tiyamba kuwona kuchuluka kwa anthu oyenerera omwe akufunsira maudindo m'mabungwe achifundo. Ndi chifukwa chakuti UBI imapangitsa kuti kutenga nawo mbali m'mabungwe otere kusakhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pazachuma, m'malo mopereka mwayi wopeza ndalama kapena nthawi.

    Koma mwina kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa UBI kudzakhala pagulu lathu lonse.

    Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti UBI si nthano chabe pa bolodi; pakhala pali mayeso ambiri otumiza UBI m'matauni ndi midzi padziko lonse lapansi - ndi zotsatira zabwino.

    Mwachitsanzo, a 2009 woyendetsa UBI m'mudzi wawung'ono waku Namibia adapatsa anthu ammudzi UBI wopanda malire kwa chaka chimodzi. Zotsatirazo zidapeza kuti umphawi udatsika mpaka 37 peresenti kuchokera pa 76 peresenti. Upandu unatsika ndi 42 peresenti. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kwa ana komanso kusiyiratu sukulu kwatsika. Ndipo bizinesi (yodzigwira ntchito) idakwera 301 peresenti. 

    Pamlingo wobisika kwambiri, mchitidwe wopempha chakudya unazimiririka, momwemonso kusalana ndi zolepheretsa kulankhulana kupempha zinayambitsanso. Zotsatira zake, anthu ammudzi amatha kulankhulana momasuka komanso molimba mtima popanda kuopa kuwonedwa ngati opempha. Malipoti adapeza kuti izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana ammudzi, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika za mdera, mapulojekiti, ndi zolimbikitsa.

    Mu 2011-13, zofanana Kuyesa kwa UBI kunayesedwa ku India kumene midzi yambiri idapatsidwa UBI. Kumeneko, monganso ku Namibia, mgwirizano wa anthu wamba unakula kwambiri pamene midzi yambiri inagwirizanitsa ndalama zawo zogulitsa, monga kukonzanso akachisi, kugula ma TV ammudzi, ngakhale kupanga mabungwe a ngongole. Ndipo kachiwiri, ofufuza adawona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa bizinesi, kupita kusukulu, zakudya, ndi kusunga ndalama, zonse zomwe zinali zazikulu kwambiri kuposa m'midzi yolamulira.

    Monga tanena kale, palinso chinthu chamalingaliro ku UBI. Studies asonyeza kuti ana amene amakulira m’mabanja amene ali ndi vuto lopeza ndalama zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la khalidwe komanso maganizo. Kafukufukuyu anasonyezanso kuti ana akamapezera banja ndalama zambiri, amakulitsa mikhalidwe iŵiri yofunika kwambiri: kuchita khama ndiponso kulolera. Ndipo makhalidwe amenewa akaphunziridwa ali aang’ono, amayamba kupita patsogolo m’zaka zawo zaunyamata komanso akakula.

    Tangoganizirani za tsogolo limene anthu ochuluka adzakhala odzipereka komanso ogwirizana. Kapenanso, lingalirani dziko lokhala ndi ma jerks ochepa akupuma mpweya wanu.

    Zotsutsana ndi UBI

    Ndi zabwino zonse za kumbaya zomwe zafotokozedwa pano, ndi nthawi yoti tikambirane zotsutsana ndi UBI.

    Zina mwazotsutsana zazikulu ndikuti UBI idzaletsa anthu kugwira ntchito ndikupanga dziko la mbatata. Malingaliro awa siachilendo. Kuyambira nthawi ya Reagan, mapulogalamu onse othandizira anthu akhala akuvutika ndi mtundu woterewu. Ndipo ngakhale zili zowona pamlingo wamba kuti ubwino umasintha anthu kukhala aulesi, kusonkhana uku sikunatsimikizidwepo mwamphamvu. Kaganizidwe kameneka kamatengeranso kuti ndalama ndi chifukwa chokhacho chomwe chimalimbikitsa anthu kugwira ntchito. 

    Ngakhale padzakhala ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito UBI ngati njira yopezera moyo wocheperako, wopanda ntchito, anthuwa ndi omwe angachotsedwe pamsika wantchito ndiukadaulo. Ndipo popeza UBI sikhala yayikulu mokwanira kulola kuti munthu apulumutse, anthuwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pamwezi, motero amathandizirabe chuma pakubwezeretsanso UBI yawo kwa anthu kudzera pakugula renti ndi kugula zinthu. . 

    Zowona zake, kafukufuku wambiri amatsutsana ndi chiphunzitso cha mfumukazi ya pabedi ili.

    • A Pepala la 2014 otchedwa "Food Stamp Entrepreneurs" anapeza kuti pakukula kwa mapulogalamu a zaumoyo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, mabanja omwe ali ndi mabizinesi ophatikizidwa adakula ndi 16 peresenti.
    • A posachedwapa Maphunziro a MIT ndi Harvard sanapeze umboni wosonyeza kuti kusamutsidwa kwa ndalama kwa anthu kumalepheretsa chidwi chawo pantchito.
    • Maphunziro awiri ofufuza omwe adachitika ku Uganda (mapepala chimodzi ndi awiri) anapeza kuti kupereka ndalama zothandizira anthu pawokha kunawathandiza kuti azitha kuphunzira ntchito zaluso zomwe zinawapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito nthawi yayitali: 17 peresenti ndi 61 peresenti yotalikirapo m’midzi iwiri yophunzirayo. 

    Kodi Msonkho Wosautsa Wopanda Phindu si njira yabwino kuposa UBI?

    Kukangana kwina kwa mitu yolankhula kumabweretsa ngati Misonkho Yopanda Malipiro ingakhale yankho labwino kuposa UBI. Ndi Misonkho Yosautsa, anthu okhawo omwe amapanga ndalama zochepa kuposa ndalama zina adzalandira ndalama zowonjezeretsa - kuika njira ina, anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa sangakhope msonkho wa ndalama ndipo amapeza ndalama zomwe amapeza mpaka kufika pamlingo wina wokonzedweratu.

    Ngakhale kuti iyi ikhoza kukhala njira yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi UBI, imakhala ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zomwezo komanso zoopsa zachinyengo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi machitidwe a zaumoyo omwe alipo. Ikupitiliranso kusala omwe akulandira izi, ndikuwonjezera mkangano wankhondo wamagulu.

    Kodi anthu azilipira bwanji Universal Basic Income?

    Pomaliza, mkangano waukulu kwambiri wotsutsana ndi UBI: Kodi gehena tidzalipira bwanji?

    Tiyeni titenge US ngati dziko lathu lachitsanzo. Malinga ndi Business Insider's Danny Vinik, "Mu 2012, panali anthu 179 miliyoni a ku America azaka zapakati pa 21 ndi 65 (pamene Social Security idzalowa). Mzere waumphawi unali $11,945. Motero, kupatsa munthu aliyense wa ku America wazaka zogwira ntchito ndalama zongofanana ndi umphaŵi kungawononge $2.14 thililiyoni.”

    Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha mabiliyoni awiriwa ngati maziko, tiyeni tiwone momwe US ​​angalipire dongosololi (pogwiritsa ntchito manambala ovuta komanso ozungulira, popeza-tiyeni tikhale oona mtima-palibe amene adadina pa nkhaniyi kuti awerenge ndondomeko ya bajeti yopambana zikwi zikwi za mizere yaitali) :

    • Choyamba, pochotsa machitidwe onse achitetezo omwe alipo, kuyambira pachitetezo cha anthu kupita ku inshuwaransi yantchito, komanso zida zazikulu zoyendetsera ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awapulumutse, boma lingapulumutse pafupifupi thililiyoni imodzi pachaka zomwe zitha kubwezeretsedwanso ku UBI.
    • Kukonzanso misonkho kuti ikhale yabwino yopezera ndalama zamisonkho, kuchotsa zopinga, malo amisonkho, ndikukhazikitsanso msonkho wokhazikika kwa nzika zonse zithandiza kupanga ndalama zokwana 50-100 biliyoni pachaka kuti zithandizire UBI.
    • Kulingaliranso komwe maboma amawonongera ndalama zawo kungathandizenso kutseka kusiyana kwandalama kumeneku. Mwachitsanzo, US amawononga 600 biliyoni pachaka pa zankhondo zake, kuposa mayiko asanu ndi awiri otsatirawa omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri zankhondo ataphatikiza. Kodi sizingakhale zotheka kupatutsa gawo lina landalamazi kupita ku UBI?
    • Poganizira za momwe amapezera ndalama zokhazikika komanso kuchulukitsa kwachuma komwe tafotokoza kale, ndizothekanso kuti UBI (mwa zina) izidzipezera ndalama. Dola thililiyoni imodzi yomwe imabalaliridwa ku anthu aku US ili ndi kuthekera kokulitsa chuma ndi madola 1-200 biliyoni pachaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama za ogula.
    • Ndiye pali nkhani ya kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe timawononga pamagetsi. Pofika mu 2010, US ndalama zonse za mphamvu inali $1.205 trilioni (8.31% ya GDP). Ngati US idasintha magwero ake amagetsi kukhala magwero ongowonjezwdwanso (dzuwa, mphepo, geothermal, ndi zina), komanso kukankhira kukhazikitsidwa kwa magalimoto amagetsi, ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pachaka zitha kukhala zokwanira kulipira UBI. Kunena zowona, pambali pa nkhani yonseyi yopulumutsa dziko lapansi, sitingaganizire chifukwa china chabwino chokhalira ndi chuma chobiriwira.
    • Njira ina yoperekedwa ndi zokonda za Bill Gates ndi zina ndikungowonjezera msonkho wamba pama robot onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kutumiza zinthu kapena ntchito. Kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito maloboti kuposa anthu kwa eni fakitale kudzaposa msonkho uliwonse woperekedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito maloboti omwe anenedwawo. Tikatero tidzabweza ndalama zamisonkho zatsopanozi ku BCI.
    • Pomaliza, mtengo wamtsogolo wamoyo utsika kwambiri, motero umachepetsa mtengo wa UBI wa munthu aliyense komanso gulu lonse. Mwachitsanzo, pasanathe zaka 15, umwini wagalimoto udzalowedwa m'malo ndi kufalikira kwa ntchito zogawana magalimoto (onani tsamba lathu Tsogolo la Maulendo mndandanda). Kukwera kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso kudzachepetsa kwambiri mabilu athu (onani athu Tsogolo la Mphamvu mndandanda). Ma GMO ndi zakudya zolowa m'malo azipereka zakudya zotsika mtengo kwa anthu ambiri (onani zathu Tsogolo la Chakudya mndandanda). Mutu wachisanu ndi chiwiri za Tsogolo la Ntchito zikuwunikiranso mfundoyi.

    Maloto a chitoliro cha socialist?

    Mtsutso womaliza womwe waperekedwa pa UBI ndikuti ndikukulitsa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso anti-capitalist. Ngakhale zili zoona kuti UBI ndi dongosolo lachitukuko cha Socialist, sizikutanthauza kuti ndi anti-capitalist.

    M'malo mwake, ndi chifukwa cha kupambana kosayerekezeka kwa capitalism kuti zokolola zathu zonse zaukadaulo zafika pomwe sitidzafunikanso ntchito za anthu ambiri kuti tipeze moyo wochuluka kwa nzika zonse. Monga mapulogalamu onse azaumoyo, UBI idzachita ngati kuwongolera chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha capitalism, kulola capitalism kuti ipitilize kukhala injini yachitukuko popanda kukankhira mamiliyoni muumphawi.

    Ndipo monga momwe maulamuliro amakono a demokalase ali kale ndi theka la socialist—kuwononga ndalama pa mapologalamu a chithandizo cha anthu paokha, mapologalamu opereka chithandizo kwa mabizinesi (ndalama zothandizira, malipiro akunja akunja, kubweza ngongole, ndi zina zotero), kuwononga ndalama pa masukulu ndi malaibulale, magulu ankhondo ndi ntchito zadzidzidzi, ndi zina zambiri— kuwonjezera UBI kungokhala kukulitsa chikhalidwe chathu cha demokalase (komanso mwachinsinsi)

    Kufikira zaka za pambuyo pa ntchito

    Chifukwa chake mukupita: Dongosolo la UBI lomwe lili ndi ndalama zonse zomwe zitha kutipulumutsa ku kusintha kwa makina posachedwa kuti asese msika wathu wantchito. M'malo mwake, UBI ikhoza kuthandiza anthu kuti alandire zopindulitsa zopulumutsa ntchito, m'malo mochita mantha. Mwanjira iyi, UBI itenga gawo lofunikira pakuguba kwa anthu kupita ku tsogolo lochuluka.

    Mutu wotsatira wa mndandanda wathu wa Tsogolo la Ntchito udzafufuza momwe dziko lingawonekere peresenti 47 ntchito zamasiku ano zimatha chifukwa cha makina odzipangira okha. Malangizo: Sizoipa monga momwe mungaganizire. Pakadali pano, mutu wotsatira wa mndandanda wathu wa Tsogolo la Chuma uwona momwe njira zochiritsira zamtsogolo zingathandizire kukhazikika kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi.

    Tsogolo la mndandanda wa ntchito

     

    Kusafanana kwachuma chambiri kumawonetsa kusokonekera kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi: Tsogolo lazachuma P1

    Kusintha kwachitatu kwa mafakitale kuti kudzetse chipwirikiti: Tsogolo lazachuma P2

    Automation ndiye kutulutsa kwatsopano: Tsogolo lazachuma P3

    Dongosolo lazachuma lamtsogolo likugwa mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene: Tsogolo la Chuma P4

    Njira zochiritsira zowonjezera moyo kuti zikhazikitse chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi: Tsogolo lazachuma P6

    Tsogolo lamisonkho: Tsogolo lazachuma P7

     

    Zomwe zidzalowe m'malo mwa capitalism yachikhalidwe: Tsogolo la Chuma P8

    Kusintha kwamtsogolo kwamtsogolo kwamtsogolo

    2025-07-10