Siyaasadda gobolka ee loo yaqaan 'Blockchain state policy': Wershadaha crypto raadinta sharciyeynta

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  Quantumrun Aragtida Saadaasha
• December 28, 2022

Soo koobid aragti

Laga soo bilaabo Alabama ilaa New York, gobolada Maraykanku waxay bilaabeen inay aqoonsadaan saamaynta sii kordheysa ee blockchain iyo warshadaha cryptocurrency. Tignoolajiyadan blockchain waxay awood u siiyeen qaar ka mid ah isbeddellada ugu jahawareerka badan ee macaamil ganacsi lacageed, laga bilaabo calaamado aan fungi karin (NFTs) ilaa hanti maguurto ah. Taageerayaasha cryptocurrency ayaa sheegaya in la gaaray waqtigii danahooda la ilaalin lahaa oo la kobcin lahaa.

Siyaasadda gobolka ee Blockchain

Hay'adaha federaalka ee Mareykanka ayaa si firfircoon uga wada tashanaya habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu maamulayo warshadaha cryptocurrency. Sannadkii 2022, waxaa jiray ugu yaraan 18 biilal oo khuseeya hantida dhijitaalka ah. Taas bedelkeeda, dawladaha qaarkood waxay qaateen mawqif firfircoon iyagoo soo bandhigay siyaasadahooda iyo jaangooyooyinkooda ku habboon qaybta crypto.

Tusaale ahaan, Wyoming iyo Nebraska waxay samaysteen sharciyo bangi oo ujeedo gaar ah leh iyo qaab-dhismeed sharciyeed oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay bilowga iyo bangiyada jira ee jecel bixinta adeegyada crypto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, New York, iyada oo aan la bixin cahdiga bangiga crypto, ayaa hirgelisay BitLicense, qaab-dhismeedka sharci ee u oggolaanaya ganacsiyada lacagta casriga ah inay si sharci ah uga shaqeeyaan gobolka. Horumarradani waxay muujinayaan aqbalaadda sii kordheysa ee bangiyada crypto, iyaga oo loola dhaqmo si la mid ah ganacsiyada kale ee cryptocurrency domain.

Riixitaanka horumarkan sharciyeed ayaa si weyn u saameeya dadaalka u ololaynta ee maamulayaasha cryptocurrency. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay is-waafajinta istaraatiijiyadeed ee u dhexeeya warshadaha crypto iyo sharci-dejiyeyaasha gobolka si ay u abuuraan jawi sharci ah oo ku habboon danahooda, gaar ahaan maqnaanshaha sharciyada federaalka. Lobbying waxay rabta in ay taageerto balaadhinta joogtada ah ee shirkadaha cryptocurrency, lagana yaabo in ay beddesho qaybaha sida bangiyada, ganacsiga e-ganacsiga, iyo farshaxanka.

Dawladuhu waxay si sii kordheysa uga jawaabaan baahiyaha ururada crypto, iyagoo rajeynaya inay soo jiitaan ganacsiyo cusub oo ay abuuraan fursado shaqo. Si kastaba ha noqotee, rabitaankan loogu talagalay in lagu habeeyo warshadaha crypto ayaa kor u qaadaya walaaca kooxaha macaamiisha qaarkood. Waxay ku doodayaan in mudnaanta la siiyo dalabaadka warshadaha ay kordhin karto khataraha maalgashadayaasha iyo shirkadaha, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay aad ugu nugul yihiin wax isdaba marinta iyo musuqmaasuqa iyada oo waaxdu ay sii kordheyso.

Ilaalinta macaamiisha iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha ayaa ah tixgalinta muhiimka ah ee muuqaalkan soo koraya. Qaadashada xiisaha leh ee siyaasadaha crypto ee gobolada qaarkood, sida Wyoming iyo Nebraska, waxay ka duwan yihiin hababka taxadarka leh ee kuwa kale. Kala duwanaanshiyahan siyaasadaha heerka gobolka ayaa muujinaya is dhexgalka adag ee u dhexeeya hal-abuurka, sharciyeynta, iyo ilaalinta macaamiisha ee qaybta crypto soo ifbaxday. 

Saamaynta qaska

Wyoming waxaa loo tixgeliyaa xarunta crypto iyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya ee lagu gudbiyo sharciyada dhiirigeliya kobaca blockchain iyo ganacsiyada lacagta casriga ah. Laga soo bilaabo 2018, gobolku wuxuu gudbiyay biilal dhowr ah oo la xiriira cryptocurrency. Midka kowaad waa Wyoming House Bill 19 (HB19), kaas oo sheegaya in lacagta dalwaddu ay tahay matal kasta oo dhijitaal ah oo qiimo ah oo loo isticmaali karo qaab beddelasho. Sharcigu waxa uu ka dhaafayaa lacagta casriga ah ee Wyoming Money Transmitter Act, isaga oo u oggolaanaya iibsashada, iibinta, soo saarista, iyo la wareegidda lacagta casriga ah iyada oo aanay dawladdu faragelin.

Si loo dhiirrigeliyo iibsashada lacagaha dhijitaalka ah, Wyoming Senet File 111 (SF 111) waxay wax ka bedeshay sharciyada canshuurta hantida ee Sharciga Canshuuraha iyo Dakhliga Wyoming. Sharcigani waxa uu ka dhaafayaa lacag iyo lacag caddaan ah oo gacanta ku jirta, oo ay ku jiraan lacag, dahab, qalin, qadaadiic kale, qabyo-qoraalka bangiga, jeegag shahaadaysan, jeegaga khasnajiga, iyo lacagta casriga ah cashuurta hantida. Ugu dambeyntii, Wyoming's House Bill 70 (HB 70) wuxuu abuuray qayb cusub oo ku saabsan blockchain token ka dhaafida sharciga amniga ee gobolka. 

Dhanka kale, 2022, sharciga Kooxda Shaqada ee Gobolka Washington ee Blockchain waxaa meel mariyay sharci-dejinta gobolka waana la saxeexay. Kooxdan cusub ee shaqada ayaa mas'uul ka ah baaritaanka isticmaalka iyo siyaasadaha suurtagalka ah ee tiknoolajiyada blockchain ee warshadaha kala duwan iyo qaybaha dadweynaha. Wakiilo ka socda 21 warshadood ayaa samayn doona kooxdan, oo ay ku jiraan saraakiisha dawladda, khubarada arrimaha gaarka ah iyo amniga internetka, ururrada ganacsiga ee kala duwan, ilaalinta deegaanka, iyo u doodista macaamiisha.

Go'aanka Washington waa dhaqdhaqaaqii ugu dambeeyay ee taxane ah oo ay qaadeen gobolada iyo degaannada kale si ay ugu daraan tignoolajiyada blockchain iyo cryptocurrencies hawlahooda. Colorado noqday gobolka ugu horeysay si ay u oggolaadaan hantida crypto bixinta canshuuraha, iyo Texas dhigay koox shaqo si ay ula socdaan koritaanka warshadaha. Duqa magaalada New York Eric Adams ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu doonayo inuu ku helo saddex jeeg ee ugu horreeya ee Bitcoin kadib doorashadiisa 2021.

Saamaynta siyaasadda gobolka blockchain

Saamaynta ballaaran ee siyaasadda gobolka blockchain waxaa ka mid noqon kara: 

• Kordhinta cahdiga gobolka/gobolka iyo sharciyada ku cadaadinaya wakaaladaha federaalka si ay u abuuraan heer qaran ee hirgelinta cryptocurrency iyo heerka maamulka.
• Kordhinta maalgelinta qaybta maadaama siyaasado badan ay awood u siinayaan koritaankeeda, oo ay ku jiraan shaqaalaynta warshadaha oo dhan.
• Dhaleeceyntu waxay ku adkaysanayaan in siinta nicmo badan oo warshadaha ay keeni karto xaalado badan sida 2022 crypto dhalaal, kaas oo malaayiin doolar lagu tirtiray khiyaano awgeed.
• Bilyaneerrada Seeraar waxay kordhinayaan maalgalintooda lobby-yaasha si ay u sii hormariyaan danta qaybta.
• Dad badan oo doonaya inay u beddelaan lacagtooda, oo ay ku jiraan mushaharka iyo lacag-bixinta, lacagaha blockchain iyo hantida, taageeraya kobaca adeegyada maaliyadeed ee cryptocurrency.
• Kormeerka iyo qawaaniinta la xoojiyey ee hay'adaha federaalku si looga jawaabo siyaasadaha heerka-gobolka, taas oo keeni karta tilmaamo adag oo loogu talagalay hawlgallada cryptocurrency iyo ilaalinta maalgashadayaasha.
• Horumarinta barnaamijyada waxbarashada gaarka ah iyo koorsooyinka diiradda saaraya tignoolajiyada blockchain, taasoo keentay in shaqaale aqoon badan leh iyo saldhigga macaamiisha la wargeliyo.
• Soo bandhigida canshuuraha heer-goboleed cusub ama dhiirigelinta macaamil ganacsi ee cryptocurrency, saameynaya waxtarka kharashka iyo soo jiidashada ganacsiga hantida dhijitaalka ah iyo maalgashiga.

Su'aalaha la tixgeliyo

• Sidee dalkaagu u taageerayaa warshadaha cryptocurrency?
• Sidee kale sharcigu u dhiirigelin karaa qaadashada lacagaha loo yaqaan 'cryptocurrencies'?