Tlhokomeliso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso: Hona joale batho ba tsejoa habonolo ka liphatsa tsa bona tsa lefutso

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• November 30, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Le hoja tlhahlobo ea DNA ea bareki e ka ba mokhoa o monate oa ho ithuta ho eketsehileng ka lefa la motho, e boetse e na le monyetla oa ho lumella ba bang ho lemoha batho ntle le tumello ea bona kapa tsebo. Ho na le tlhokahalo e potlakileng ea ho sebetsana le hore na ho tsebahala ha liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho boloka boitsebiso ho lokela ho laoloa joang ho etsa hore ho be le teka-tekano pakeng tsa lipatlisiso tsa sechaba le boinotši ba botho. Litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa temoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka kenyelletsa ts'ebetsong ea molao ho kenella ka har'a pokello ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le Big Pharma e sebelisanang le bafani ba tlhahlobo ea lefutso.

Boemo ba temoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso

Baahi ba Amerika ba tsoang Europe hona joale ba na le monyetla oa 60 oa ho fumanoa le ho tsejoa ka tlhahlobo ea DNA, le haeba ba e-s'o romele sampuli ho lik'hamphani tse kang 23andMe kapa AncestryDNA, ho latela tlaleho ea makasine ea Science. Lebaka ke hore data e sa sebetsoang ea biometric e ka fetisetsoa ho liwebsaete tse bulehileng ho sechaba, joalo ka GEDmatch. Sebaka sena se lumella basebelisi ho batla beng ka bona ka ho sheba tlhahisoleseling ea DNA ho tsoa liforomong tse ling. Ho feta moo, bafuputsi ba forensic ba ka kena sebakeng sena sa marang-rang mme ba sebelisa data e kopantsoeng le tlhaiso-leseling e eketsehileng e fumanehang ho Facebook kapa lirekotong tsa mmuso.

Sebaka sa polokelo ea boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso sa 23andMe se ntseng se hola ka mehla ke se seng sa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa, le sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Ho tloha ka 2022, batho ba limilione tse 12 ba lefile ho hlophisa DNA ea bona le k'hamphani, 'me liperesente tse 30 li khetha ho arolelana litlaleho tseo le litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle, ho latela 23andMe. Leha batho ba bangata ba khona ho etsa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso molemong oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, tikoloho ea motho le eona e na le karolo ho nts'etsopele ea mafu. 

Ho feta moo, hobane mafu a batho hangata a hlaha ka lebaka la bofokoli bo bongata ba liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho bokella lintlha tse ngata tsa DNA ho bohlokoa bakeng sa boithuto ba mahlale. Ho fapana le ho fana ka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le motho ka mong, li-dataset tse kholo hangata li fana ka boleng bo eketsehileng ha u ithuta lintlha tse sa tsejoeng mabapi le genome. Leha ho le joalo, liteko tse peli tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bareki li bohlokoa bakeng sa bokamoso ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, 'me phephetso hona joale ke mokhoa oa ho sireletsa boitsebiso ba motho ha u ntse u kenya letsoho lipatlisisong.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Teko ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa Direct-to-consumer (DTC) e thusa batho ka bomong ho ithuta ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bona ka boiketlo ba malapa a bona ho e-na le ho ea laboratoring. Leha ho le joalo, sena se bakile mathata a mang. Mohlala, liwebsaeteng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse kang 23andMe kapa AncestryDNA, likamano tse mabapi le bana ba poraefete li senotsoe ka lintlha tsa bona tsa lefutso. Ho feta moo, menahano ea boitšoaro e mabapi le liphatsa tsa lefutso e ile ea tloha tabeng ea ho ngangisana ka se molemohali bakeng sa sechaba ho ea ho ho tšoenyeha ka ho sireletsa litokelo tsa lekunutu tsa motho ka mong. 

Linaha tse ling, joalo ka Engelane (le Wales), li nkile qeto ea ho sireletsa lekunutu la liphatsa tsa lefutso ka ho hlaka, haholo ha li ama beng ka motho. Ka 2020, Lekhotla le Phahameng le ile la hlokomela hore baoki ha baa lokela ho nahana feela ka lithahasello tsa bakuli ba bona ha ba etsa qeto ea ho senola tlhahisoleseling kapa che. Ka mantsoe a mang, ke ka seoelo motho e leng eena feela motho ea nang le thahasello litabeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa hae, e leng khopolo ea boitšoaro e thehiloeng khale. Ho sa ntse ho tla bonahala hore na linaha tse ling li tla latela mohlala ona.

Sebaka se seng se fetotsoeng ke ho elelloa liphatsa tsa lefutso ke ho fana ka peō ea botona le ea mahe. Teko ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa khoebo e entse hore ho khonehe ho latela nalane ea lelapa ka ho bapisa sampole ea mathe le polokelong ea litaba ea tatelano ea DNA. Tšobotsi ena e hlahisa matšoenyeho hobane bafani ba peō le mahe ba ka 'na ba se ke ba lula ba sa tsejoe. 

Ho ea ka morero oa lipatlisiso oa UK oa ConnectedDNA, batho ba tsebileng hore e ne e le bafani ba emoloa ba sebelisa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bareki ho bokella tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le batsoali ba bona ba tlhaho, banab'abo le ba bang bao e ka bang beng ka bona. Ba boetse ba batla tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng mabapi le lefa la bona, ho kenyelletsa le morabe le likotsi tse ka bang teng nakong e tlang.

Liphello tsa ho lemoha liphatsa tsa lefutso

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa temoho ea lefutso li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Mananeo a liphatsa tsa lefutso a sebelisoa ho bolela esale pele monyetla oa hore motho a tšoaroe ke mafu a kang mofetše, e leng se lebisang tlhahlobong ea pele le mehato ea thibelo.
• Mekhatlo ea ts'ebetsong ea molao e sebelisanang le lik'hamphani tsa polokelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho sala morao babelaelloa ka boitsebiso ba bona ba lefutso. Leha ho le joalo, ho tla ba le khatello e tsoang mekhatlong ea litokelo tsa botho.
• Lik'hamphani tsa meriana li khothaletsa lik'hamphani tse hlahlobang liphatsa tsa lefutso ho arolelana polokelo ea tsona ea liphatsa tsa lefutso bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi. Tšebelisano ena e bile le bahlahlobisisi ba eona ba nahanang hore ke mokhoa o sa lokang.
• Khetha mebuso e sebelisang biometrics ho hokahanya boteng ba litšebeletso tsa mmuso le karete ea ID ea motho eo qetellong e tla kenyelletsa lintlha tsa bona tse ikhethang tsa lefutso le biometric. Litšebeletso tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa lichelete li ka latela mokhoa o ts'oanang oa ho sebelisa lintlha tse ikhethang tsa lefutso bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa netefatso ea transaction lilemong tse mashome tse tlang. 
• Batho ba bangata ba batlang pepeneneng mabapi le hore na lipatlisiso tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li etsoa joang le hore na litaba tsa bona li bolokoa joang.
• Linaha li arolelana datha ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho khothaletsa lipatlisiso tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le ho theha meriana le liphekolo tse lekanang.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Ke joang hape ho lemoha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ka bakang ho ameha ka melao ea lekunutu?
• Ke melemo efe e meng e ka bang teng le mathata a ho lemoha liphatsa tsa lefutso?