Baktheria le CO2: Ho sebelisa matla a libaktheria tse jang khabone

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• December 1, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Bokhoni ba algae ba ho monya khabone e ka ba se seng sa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ho fokotsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Ke khale bo-rasaense ba ithuta mokhoa ona oa tlhaho oa ho fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le ho hlahisa mafura a tlhaho a baballang tikoloho. Liphello tsa nako e telele tsa tsoelo-pele ena li ka kenyelletsa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng mabapi le theknoloji ea ho tšoara carbon le tšebeliso ea bohlale ba maiketsetso ho laola kholo ea baktheria.

Boemo ba baktheria le CO2

Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho tlosa carbon dioxide (CO2) moeeng; leha ho le joalo, ho arola khabone ho likhase tse ling le lintho tse silafatsang ho bitsa chelete e ngata. Tharollo e tsitsitseng haholoanyane ke ho lema libaktheria, tse kang algae, tse hlahisang matla ka photosynthesis ka ho ja CO2, metsi le khanya ea letsatsi. Bo-rasaense ba ntse ba etsa liteko ka mekhoa ea ho fetola matla ana ho ba biofuel. 

Ka 2007, CO2 Solutions ea Canada ea Quebec City e ile ea theha mofuta o entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso oa baktheria ea E. coli e hlahisang li-enzyme ho ja carbon le ho e fetola bicarbonate, e se nang kotsi. Sekoli ke karolo ea sistimi ea bioreactor e ka atolosoang ho ts'oara mesi e tsoang lifemeng tsa motlakase tse sebelisang libeso tsa khale.

Ho tloha ka nako eo, theknoloji le lipatlisiso li tsoetse pele. Ka 2019, k'hamphani ea US Hypergiant Industries e thehile Eos Bioreactor. Sesebelisoa ke 3 x 3 x 7 maoto (90 x 90 x 210 cm) ka boholo. E reretsoe ho behoa libakeng tsa litoropo moo e nkang le ho nka carbon ho tsoa moeeng ha e ntse e hlahisa li-biofuel tse hloekileng tse ka fokotsang khabone ea mohaho. 

Setsi se sebelisa maalgae, mofuta o tsejoang ka hore ke Chlorella Vulgaris, 'me ho boleloa hore e monya CO2 e ngata ho feta semela leha e le sefe. Algae e hola ka har'a tsamaiso ea methapo le letamo ka har'a sesebelisoa, e tletse moea 'me e pepesehetse leseli la maiketsetso, e fa semela seo e se hlokang ho hola le ho hlahisa biofuel bakeng sa ho bokelloa. Ho ea ka Hypergiant Industries, Eos Bioreactor e sebetsa ka makhetlo a 400 ho hapa carbon ho feta lifate. Karolo ena e bakoa ke software ea ho ithuta mochini e okametseng ts'ebetso ea ho hola algae, ho kenyelletsa ho laola khanya, mocheso, le maemo a pH bakeng sa tlhahiso e phahameng.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, joalo ka acetone le isopropanol (IPA), li na le 'maraka oa lefats'e o fetang $10 bilione. Acetone le isopropanol ke sebolaya-mafu le sebolaya dikokwana-hloko se sebediswang haholo. Ke motheo oa e 'ngoe ea litlhare tse peli tse khothaletsoang tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO), tse sebetsang hantle haholo khahlano le SARS-CoV-2. Acetone hape ke motsoako oa li-polymers tse ngata le likhoele tsa maiketsetso, resin ea polyester e tšesaane, lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa, le mochini o tlosang polisi oa manala. Ka lebaka la tlhahiso ea tsona e ngata, lik'hemik'hale tsena ke tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa carbon.

Ka 2022, bafuputsi ba tsoang Univesithing ea Northwestern e Illinois ba ile ba sebelisana le feme e nchafatsang khabone ea Lanza Tech ho bona hore na libaktheria li ka senya litšila tsa CO2 joang ebe li e fetola lik'hemik'hale tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri. Bafuputsi ba ile ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa maiketsetso tsa baeloji ho hlophisa baktheria hape, Clostridium autoethanogenum (eo qalong e neng e etselitsoe LanzaTech), ho etsa hore acetone le IPA li bolokehe haholoanyane ka ho belisoa ha khase.

Theknoloji ena e tlosa likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše moeeng 'me ha e sebelise libeso tsa khale ho etsa lik'hemik'hale. Tlhahlobo ea bophelo ea sehlopha e bontšitse hore sethala sa carbon-negative, haeba se amoheloa ka tekanyo e kholo, se na le monyetla oa ho fokotsa mocheso oa likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše ka liphesente tse 160 ha li bapisoa le mekhoa e meng. Lihlopha tsa lipatlisiso li lebelletse hore mefuta e tsoetseng pele le mokhoa oa ho belisa o tla khona ho hola. Bo-rasaense ba ka boela ba sebelisa mokhoa ona ho etsa mekhoa e potlakileng ea ho etsa lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa bohlokoa.

Litlamorao tsa libaktheria le CO2

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa ho sebelisa libaktheria ho tšoara CO2 li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Lik'hamphani tse liindastering tse boima tse fapaneng tse etsang kontraka ea bioscience ho algae ea bioengineer e ka ikhethelang ho sebelisa le ho fetola litšila tsa lik'hemik'hale le lisebelisoa tse tsoang lifemeng tsa tlhahiso, ka bobeli ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea CO2 / tšilafalo le ho theha litšila tse hlahisang phaello. 
• Patlisiso e eketsehileng le lichelete bakeng sa litharollo tsa tlhaho tsa ho hapa likhase tsa khabone.
• Lik'hamphani tse ling tsa tlhahiso li sebelisana le lifeme tsa theknoloji ea carbon-capture ho fetela ho theknoloji e tala le ho bokella litheolelo tsa lekhetho la carbon.
• Mekhatlo e mengata ea ho qala le mekhatlo e tsepamisitseng maikutlo holim'a khabone ka ts'ebetso ea likokoana-hloko, ho kenyelletsa le manyolo a tšepe ea leoatleng le ho lema meru.
• Tšebeliso ea mahlale a ho ithuta ka mochini ho tsamaisa kholo ea libaktheria le ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso.
• Mebuso e sebelisanang le litsi tsa lipatlisiso ho fumana libaktheria tse ling tse nkang khabone ho phethahatsa boitlamo ba tsona ba zero ka 2050.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Melemo e meng e ka bang teng ea ho sebelisa litharollo tsa tlhaho ho sebetsana le khabone ke efe?
• Naha ea heno e sebetsana joang le tlhahiso ea eona ea khabone?