CRISPR batho ba phahametseng batho: Na phetheho e ka khonahala ebile e na le boitšoaro?

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CRISPR batho ba phahametseng batho: Na phetheho e ka khonahala ebile e na le boitšoaro?

CRISPR batho ba phahametseng batho: Na phetheho e ka khonahala ebile e na le boitšoaro?

Sengoloa sa sehloohoana
Lintlafatso tsa morao-rao tsa boenjineri ba liphatsa tsa lefutso li fifatsa moeli lipakeng tsa kalafo le lintlafatso ho feta neng kapa neng.
    • Author:
    • Lebitso la sengoli
      Quantumrun Ponelopele
    • January 2, 2023

    Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

    Ho nchafatsoa bocha ha CRISPR-Cas9 ka 2014 ho lebisa tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le ho "lokisa" kapa ho hlophisa tatelano e itseng ea DNA ho fetotse lefapha la ho hlophisa liphatsa tsa lefutso. Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ena e boetse e hlahisitse lipotso mabapi le boitšoaro le melao ea boitšoaro le hore na batho ba lokela ho ea bohōleng bofe ha ba fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso.

    Boemo ba CRISPR bo phahametseng motho

    CRISPR ke sehlopha sa tatellano ea DNA e fumanoang libaktheria tse li nolofalletsang ho "khaola" likokoana-hloko tse bolaeang tse kenang tsamaisong ea tsona. E kopantsoe le enzyme e bitsoang Cas9, CRISPR e sebelisoa e le tataiso ea ho lebisa likhoele tse itseng tsa DNA e le hore li ka tlosoa. Hang ha bo-rasaense ba se ba fumanehile, ba sebelisitse CRISPR ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tlosa bokooa ba tlhaho bo behang bophelo kotsing joalo ka lefu la sickle cell. Ho tloha ka 2015, Chaena e ne e se e ntse e fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso bakuli ba mofetše ka ho tlosa lisele, ho li fetola ka CRISPR, le ho li khutlisetsa 'meleng ho loantša mofetše. 

    Ka 2018, China e ne e hlophisitse liphatsa tsa lefutso ho feta batho ba 80 ha United States e ntse e itokisetsa ho qala lithuto tsa eona tsa pele tsa lifofane tsa CRISPR. Ka selemo sa 2019, setsebi sa fisiks sa Sechaena, He Jianku, o phatlalalitse hore o thehile bakuli ba pele "ba hanang tšoaetso ea HIV", e leng banana ba mafahla, e leng se ileng sa tsosa khang mabapi le hore na ho na le meeli efe lefapheng la thetso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso.

    Tšusumetso e senyang

    Bo-rasaense ba bangata ba tlalehoa ba nahana hore ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ho lokela ho sebelisoa feela mekhoeng eo e seng ea lefutso e bohlokoa, joalo ka ho alafa mafu a seng a ntse a le teng. Leha ho le joalo, ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ka 'na ha lebisa kapa ha etsa hore ho khonehe ho hlahisa batho ba phahametseng matla a batho ka ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso pele ho nako ea lesea le sa tsoa emoloa. Litsebi tse ling li pheha khang ea hore liphephetso tsa ’mele le tsa kelello tse kang ho se utloe, bofofu, autism, le ho tepella maikutlo hangata li ’nile tsa khothalletsa khōlo ea botho, kutloelo-bohloko, esita le mofuta o itseng oa bohlale ba boqapi. Ha ho tsejoe hore na ho ne ho tla etsahala’ng ka sechaba haeba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa ngoana ka mong li ne li ka phethahala ’me “mefokolo” eohle ea tlosoa pele a tsoaloa. 

    Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka 'na tsa etsa hore e fumanehe ho barui nakong e tlang, bao ka mor'a moo ba ka kopanelang ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso ho etsa bana "ba phethahetseng haholoanyane". Bana bana, bao e ka ’nang ea e-ba ba molelele kapa ba e-na le li-IQ tse phahameng, ba ka ’na ba emela sehlopha se secha sa sechaba, se tsoelang pele se arolang sechaba ka lebaka la ho se lekane. Lipapali tsa tlholisano li ka 'na tsa phatlalatsa melao nakong e tlang e thibelang litlholisano ho baatlelete ba "tsoalloang ka tlhaho" feela kapa ea theha litlholisano tse ncha bakeng sa baatlelete ba nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Mafu a mang a lefutso a ka 'na a phekoloa ka ho eketsehileng pele a hlaha, a fokotsa moroalo o akaretsang oa litšenyehelo tsamaisong ea bophelo bo botle ea sechaba le ea poraefete. 

    Liphello bakeng sa CRISPR e sebelisoa ho theha "batho ba phahametseng batho"

    Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa tekhenoloji ea CRISPR e sebelisoang ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso pele le mohlomong ka mor'a tsoalo li ka kenyelletsa:

    • Mmaraka o ntseng o hola oa masea a nang le boqapi le "lintlafatso" tse ling joalo ka li-exoskeletons bakeng sa li- paraplegic le li-implants tsa boko ho ntlafatsa mohopolo.
    • Litšenyehelo tse fokotsehileng le tšebeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea tlhahlobo e tsoetseng pele ea embryo e ka lumellang batsoali ho ntša mpa ea masea a fumanoang a le kotsing e kholo ea mafu a tebileng kapa bokooa ba kelello le 'mele. 
    • Melao le melaoana e mecha ea lefats'e ea ho tseba hore na CRISPR e ka sebelisoa joang le neng le hore na ke mang ea ka etsang qeto ea hore liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho li lokisoe.
    • Ho felisa mafu a mang a lefutso ho tsoa mefuteng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa malapa, kahoo ho fa batho melemo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle.
    • Linaha li kena butle-butle peisong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso bohareng ba lekholo la bohareng la lilemo, moo mebuso e tšehetsang chelete ea ho ntlafatsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bakhachane bakeng sa mananeo a ho netefatsa hore meloko e tlang e tsoaloa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Se boleloang ke "optimal" se tla khethoa ke mekhoa ea setso e fetohang e hlahang lilemong tse mashome tse tlang, linaheng tse fapaneng.
    • Palo ea baahi e ka bang teng ea fokotseha ka mafu a ka thibeloang le phokotso ea butle-butle ea litšenyehelo tsa naha tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

    Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

    • Na u nahana hore mahe a emolisitsoeng a lokela ho etsoa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho thibela mefuta e itseng ea bokooa?
    • Na u ka ikemisetsa ho lefella lintlafatso tsa lefutso?