Maoatle a ntseng a phahama: Tšokelo e tlang ho baahi ba lebōpong la leoatle

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• January 21, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle, ho susumetsoang ke mabaka a kang ho atoloha ha mocheso le ho bolokoa ha metsi mobung ho susumetsoang ke batho, ho baka tšokelo e khōlō ho lichaba tse lebōpong la leoatle le lichaba tsa lihlekehleke. Phephetso ena ea tikoloho e lebelletsoe ho fetola moruo, lipolotiki, le sechaba, ka litlamorao tse ka bang teng ho tloha ho tahlehelo ea matlo le masimo a lebopong la leoatle ho ea ho liphetoho mebarakeng ea mesebetsi le tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea boiteko ba ho fokotsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Ho sa tsotellehe tebello e nyahamisang, boemo bo boetse bo fana ka menyetla ea ho ikamahanya le maemo a sechaba, ho kenyeletsa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji e thibelang likhohola, kaho ea tšireletso ea mabopo, le monyetla oa ho ba le mokhoa o tsitsitseng haholoanyane oa mesebetsi ea moruo le ea indasteri.

Boemo ba ho phahama ha bophahamo ba leoatle

Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, metsi a leoatle a ntse a eketseha. Mefuta e mecha le litekanyo li ntlafalitse lintlha tse sebelisoang ho bolela esale pele ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle, tseo kaofela li tiisang lebelo la ho nyoloha ka potlako. Lilemong tse mashome tse tlang, ho phahama hona ho tla ba le liphello tse kholo ho baahi ba lebōpong la leoatle, bao mahae a bona le mobu oa bona o ka oelang ka ho sa feleng tlas'a moeli o phahameng oa maqhubu haeba mokhoa ona o ka tsoela pele.

Lintlha tse ling li thusitse bo-ramahlale ho utloisisa hantle hore na ke hobane'ng ha metsi a leoatle a phahama. Mokhanni o moholo ka ho fetisisa ke katoloso ea mocheso, moo leoatle le futhumalang, ho fellang ka ho fokotseha ha metsi a leoatle a teteaneng; sena se etsa hore metsi a atolohe, 'me kahoo, a phahamise metsi a leoatle. Lithempereichara tse ntseng li phahama lefatšeng ka bophara le tsona li tlatselitse ho qhibiliheng ha leqhoa lefatšeng ka bophara le ho qhibilihisa leqhoa la Greenland le Antarctica.

Ho boetse ho na le polokelo ea metsi ea mobu, moo ho kenella ha motho ka potoloho ea metsi ho lebisang ho metsi a mangata qetellong a eang leoatleng, ho e-na le ho lula fatše. Sena se na le tšusumetso e kholo ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle ho feta esita le leqhoa le qhibilihang la Antarctic, ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea batho ea metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše bakeng sa ho nosetsa.

Bakhanni bana kaofela ba kentse letsoho keketsehong e hlokomelehang ea 3.20mm ka selemo lipakeng tsa 1993-2010. Bo-rasaense ba ntse ba sebetsa ka mehlala ea bona, empa ho fihlela joale (ho tloha ka 2021), likhakanyo li lerootho hohle. Esita le likhakanyo tse nang le tšepo li ntse li bontša hore ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle ho tla fihla hoo e ka bang 1m ka selemo ka 2100.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Batho ba lulang lihleke-hlekeng le libakeng tse lebōpong la leoatle ba tla ba le tšusumetso e khōlō ka ho fetisisa, kaha e tla ba nakoana pele ba lahleheloa ke naha ea bona le mahae a bona ke leoatle. Linaha tse ling tsa lihlekehleke li ka 'na tsa nyamela sefahlehong sa polanete. Batho ba ka bang limilione tse 300 ba ka phela ka tlas'a maemo a likhohola selemo le selemo ka 2050.

Ho na le likarabo tse ngata tse ka khonehang mabapi le bokamoso bona. Khetho e 'ngoe ke ho fallela sebakeng se phahameng, haeba se le teng, empa seo se na le likotsi tsa sona. Litšireletso tse lebōpong la leoatle, joaloka marako a leoatle, li ka 'na tsa sireletsa libaka tse seng li ntse li le tlaase, empa tsena li nka nako le chelete ho li haha' me li ka 'na tsa hlaseloa habonolo ha metsi a leoatle a ntse a eketseha.

Likarolo tsa motheo, moruo le lipolotiki li tla ameha kaofela, libakeng tse tlokotsing le libakeng tseo ho seng mohla li tla bona ho phahama ha bophahamo ba leoatle. Likarolo tsohle tsa sechaba li tla utloa liphello tse bohloko tse hlahisoang ke likhohola tse lebōpong la leoatle, ebang ke liphello tse bonolo tsa moruo kapa tsa liphallelo. Ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle ho tla tlisa tlokotsi e tebileng ea botho nakong ea bophelo ba motho ea tloaelehileng kajeno.

Litlamorao tsa ho phahama ha bophahamo ba leoatle

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa ho phahama ha bophahamo ba leoatle li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea lits'ebeletso tsa indasteri ho aha kapa ho boloka mabota a leoatle le ts'ireletso e meng ea lebopo. 
• Lik'hamphani tsa inshorense li eketsa litefiso tsa tsona tsa thepa e haufi le libaka tse lebopong la leoatle le lik'hamphani tse ling tse joalo li tsoa libakeng tse joalo. 
• Baahi ba lulang libakeng tse kotsing e kholo ba fallelang ka hare ho naha, e leng se etsang hore litheko tsa litša le libaka tse haufi le lebōpo li theohe le litheko tsa thepa ea ka har'a naha li nyolohe.
• Ho sebelisa chelete ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale le meralo ea motheo ho loants'a ho futhumala ha lefatše ho eketseha haholo.
• Liindasteri, joalo ka bohahlauli le botšoasi ba litlhapi, tse itšetlehileng haholo ka libaka tse lebopong la leoatle, tse nang le tahlehelo e kholo, athe mafapha a kang a kaho le temo ea naha a ka bona kholo ka lebaka la tlhokeho ea meaho e mecha le tlhahiso ea lijo.
• Ntlha ea mantlha mabapi le ho etsa maano le likamano tsa machaba, ha linaha li ntse li loantšana le liqholotso tsa phokotso ea maemo a leholimo, maano a ho ikamahanya le maemo, le monyetla oa ho falla ho bakoang ke boemo ba leholimo.
• Ntlafatso le ts'ebeliso ea litheknoloji tse thibelang likhohola le taolo ea metsi, tse lebisang phetohong ea boithuto ba mahlale a lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele.
• Ho fokotseha ha mesebetsi e lebopong la leoatle le ho phahama ha mesebetsi e amanang le nts'etsopele ea naha, phokotso ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, le boiteko ba ho ikamahanya le maemo.
• Tahlehelo ea tikoloho ea lebopong la leoatle le mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng, ha e ntse e theha tikoloho e ncha ea metsing, e fetola botsitso ba bophelo ba leoatleng mme e ka lebisa ho hlahisoeng ha libaka tse ncha tsa tikoloho.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Ke mehato ea mofuta ofe e lokelang ho etsoa ho amohela baphaphathehi ba balehileng mahaeng a bona ka lebaka la ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle?
• Na u lumela hore litšireletso tse lebōpong la leoatle tse kang li-dikes le li-levees li ka lekana ho sireletsa tse ling tsa libaka tse kotsing ka ho fetisisa ho tloha ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle?
• Na u lumela hore mananeo a hajoale a ho fokotsa mesi le ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha lefatše a lekane ho fokotsa sekhahla sa ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle?