Likoloi tsa Hydrogen: Na tsee ke likoloi tse tšoarellang tseo motho e mong le e mong esale a li emetse?

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• October 27, 2023

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Likoloi tse tsamaisoang ka haedrojene li ntse li tsoela pele ho hola nakong ea boiteko ba ho thibela ho tsoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše, ka lisele tsa tsona tsa mafura li fetolang haedrojene hore e be motlakase bakeng sa ho tsamaisoa. Leha litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea haedrojene hajoale li phahame, baetsi ba likoloi tse kholo joalo ka Toyota, Honda, le Hyundai ba ntse ba ntšetsa pele tlhahiso ea koloi ea mafura (FCV). Matsete a tsoelang pele ho meaho ea hydrogen, hammoho le likhothatso tsa mmuso le ho kenya letsoho indastering ea likoloi, li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlola litšitiso tsa hajoale joalo ka litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa tlhahiso le khaello ea seteishene sa mafura, e reretsoeng ho amoheloa ha koloi ea haedrojene e pharaletseng e ka sebetsanang le ts'ebeliso ea khoebo le qetellong ea bareki.

Boemo ba koloi ea haedrojene

Hydrogen, molek'hule e bonolo ka ho fetisisa, leha e na le matla a fokolang ka bongata, e ithorisa ka matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa ka boima ba 'mele. E fumaneha e le khase sepakapakeng le joalo ka mokelikeli metsing. Ka lebaka la matla a eona a mangata, haedrojene e fumana tšebeliso e le mafura lits'ebetsong tse boima joalo ka rocket propulsion. Sebopeho sa eona sa ho se ntše mosi se se beha molemo ho feta libeso tsa khale. Ho feta moo, mocheso oa hydrogen o feta oa oli ea mohloaare ka makhetlo a mararo. Leha ho le joalo, theko ea eona ea tlhahiso, e ka bang makhetlo a mararo ho feta ea tlhoekiso ea peterole ka lebaka la tlhaho ea eona e entsoeng, e hlahisa tšitiso. Patlisiso e batsi e ntse e tsoela pele ho fumana mekhoa e sebetsang hantle, e tšoarellang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea haedrojene le ho kopanngoa ha eona lienjineng tsa lipalangoang. Baetsi ba likoloi tse kholo joalo ka Honda, Toyota, le Hyundai ba hatetse pele ka ho qala tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa mafura a mafura (FCVs).

Europe, mokhoa oa litekesi tse tsamaisoang ka hydrogen o ntse o eketseha e le mokhoa oa ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka mafura a mafura. Lichaba tse kang UK, Denmark le Fora li amohetse likepe tsa litekesi tsa haedrojene, tseo, ha li bapisoa le balekane ba tsona ba peterole kapa diesel, li hlahisang likhase tse tlase tsa khabone ebile ha li na litšila tse kotsi tsa mohatla. Likoloi tsena li boetse li sebetsa hantle ho feta likoloi tsa motlakase ho latela mefuta, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e ntle bakeng sa maeto a malelele. Leha ho le joalo, tšitiso e hlokomelehang e lebisang kamohelong e pharaletseng ke meaho e sa lekaneng ea hydrogen Europe. Ho khothaletsa tšebeliso e pharalletseng ea likoloi tse tsamaeang ka hydrogen, ho bohlokoa ho tsetela haholo ho atoloseng liteishene tsa mafura.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ketsahalong e hlokomelehang ka Mmesa 2022, Toyota e ile ea senola leano la ho fana ka lifeme tse robeli tse thehiloeng New Zealand, ho kenyeletsoa mabitso a tsebahalang joalo ka The Warehouse le Air New Zealand, ka sehlopha se senyenyane sa likoloi tse tsamaeang ka hydrogen. Boikitlaetso bona, bo tšoailoeng e le boiteko ba pele ba naha ba khoebo ea theknoloji ea hydrogen fuel cell, bo kenyelletsa Toyota Mirai, koloi e sebelisang mafura a mafura ho kopanya haedrojene le oksijene, e hlahisang motlakase. Ntho feela e hlahisoang ke mokhoa ona ke metsi. Ka sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 500, e tsamaisoang feela ke haedrojene le matla a khutlisetsoang ho tsoa ho braking e nchafalitsoeng, ts'ebetso ea Mirai e ts'oana le ea likoloi tse nyalisitsoeng. E lutse liteisheneng tsa Auckland tse nang le lisebelisoa bakeng sa polokelo ea haedrojene, likoloi tsena li tla fihlelleha ho basebetsi ba lifeme tsa balekane ka tšebeletso ea ho arolelana likoloi CityHop. Haeba teko ena ea sefofane e ka tsoela pele hantle, boholo ba likepe bo ka eketseha.

Linaha tse etellang pele ka ho amohela theknoloji ea likoloi tsa haedrojene ke linaha tse kang Japane le New Zealand. Likhoebo tse ngata li kenya letsoho ho nts'etsopele ea meaho ea bohlokoa, e kenyeletsang liteishene tsa ho tlatsa mafura le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso. Ho rarahana ha likoloi tsena tse sebetsang hantle ho tikoloho ho atoloha ho pholletsa le lipalangoang tsa motho ka mong, lipalangoang tsa thepa, le litšebeletso tsa ho arolelana likoloi. Libapali tsa bohlokoa joalo ka Air New Zealand le The Warehouse Group li hlalositse merero ea ho fetisetsa likepe tsa bona tse bobebe ho ea ho matla a hydrogen ka 2025, e bonts'ang phetoho e ntle e lebisang moruong o tlase oa khabone.

Leha ho le joalo, leeto la ho nka likoloi tsa haedrojene tse tloaelehileng ha le na mathata. Theko e phahameng ea tlhahiso ea mafura a haedrojene, ha e bapisoa le tlhoekiso ea peterole ea setso, e ntse e le mokoallo oa bohlokoa (2023). Ho feta moo, ho se lekane ha lisebelisoa tsa hydrogen refueling, haholo-holo libakeng tse kang Europe, ho ka sitisa kholo ea lipalangoang tse tsamaisoang ke hydrogen. Ho feta moo, mekhoa ea hona joale (2023) ea tlhahiso ea haedrojene hangata e itšetlehile ka khase ea tlhaho, eo, le hoja e hloekile ho feta mafura a mang a mesaletsa ea khale, e ntse e kenya letsoho ho hlahisa carbon. Mokhoa o akaretsang, o kopanyang tsoelo-pele ea tlhahiso ea haedrojene, katoloso ea meaho le theknoloji ea likoloi, ho bohlokoa ho hlola mefokolo ena le ho tsamaisa lipalangoang tse tsamaisoang ke hydrogen ho isa bokamosong bo tsitsitseng le bo nang le moruo.

Liphello tse pharaletseng tsa likoloi tsa haedrojene

Litlamorao tse ka bang teng mabapi le ho holisa koloi ea haedrojene li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Matsete a tsoelang pele a sechaba le a poraefete ho meralo ea mafura a hydrogen (haholo-holo liteishene tsa mafura) ho amohela tšebeliso ea haedrojene bakeng sa literaka tse tsamaeang nako e telele le ha 'maraka o ntse o hola, bakeng sa tšebeliso ea bareki.
• Mebuso e susumetsang lik'hamphani le mekhatlo e sebelisang likoloi tsa likoloi (haholo-holo lefapheng la thepa) ho fetohela likoloing tsa hydrogen ka litšebelisano le lithuso.
• Baetsi ba likoloi ba eketsehileng ba hlahlobang matsete ho theknoloji ea mafura a hydrogen ho fetola liperesente tsa tlhahiso ho ea theknoloji ena, hammoho le matsete a maholo ho etsa mefuta ea likoloi tsa motlakase.
• Mekhatlo ea lipalangoang tsa sechaba linaheng tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahiso ea haedrojene e theko e tlaase e hatelloa hore e fetole karolo e itseng ea likepe tsa eona ho ea likoloing tsa motlakase le tsa haedrojene. 
• Likoloi tse tsamaisoang ka haeterojene li qetella li fumaneha ka ho lekaneng hore li ka rekoa ke bareki ba tloaelehileng.

Lipotso tseo u ka fanang ka maikutlo ho tsona

• Na u ka thabela ho ba le koloi e tsamaeang ka hydrogen?
• Melemo e meng ea koloi ea mofuta ona ke efe?