Lithibela-mafu tsa AI: Mekhoa ea bohlale ea maiketsetso e khetholla mefuta e mecha ea lithibela-mafu joang

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• April 19, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Ho hlahlojoa ha mekhoa e mecha ea ho sibolla lithibela-mafu, joalo ka ho kenyelletsa bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI), ho bula mamati a ho loantša libaktheria tse hanyetsanang haholo. Patlisiso ena e na le litlamorao tse kholo, ho tloha ho pholosa bophelo ba limilione ho isa ho ho theha maano a mmuso le ho susumetsa tataiso ea indasteri ea meriana. Lintho tse ling tse sibollotsoeng, tse kang litharollo tsa ho mena ha protheine le nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse monyang khabone, li ikemiselitse ho ba le litlamorao tse kholo ho tsa bophelo bo botle, phokotso ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, tlhahiso le polokelo ea matla.

Boemo ba AI Antibiotics

Bafuputsi ba sebelisang mefuta ea AI Setsing sa Theknoloji sa Massachusetts (MIT) ba khethile (2020) sethibela-mafu se ka bolaeang mefuta e mengata ea libaktheria. Hantle-ntle, sethethefatsi sena (Halicin) se ka bolaea mefuta ea libaktheria tse tsejoang e le tse hananang le lithibela-mafu. Ka ho sebelisa mefuta ea AI, lithibela-mafu li ka tsejoa ka ho bontša feela thepa ea molek'hule e lakatsehang, ha ho bapisoa le ho qala liteko le liteko tse ngata tse ka nkang lilemo ho fana ka sephetho le ka litšenyehelo tse ngata. Bafuputsi ba MIT ba sebelisitse mohlala oa khomphutha o khonang ho hlahloba lik'hemik'hale tse fetang limilione tse lekholo ka matsatsi. Moetso ona o etselitsoe ho khetha lithibela-mafu tse ka bolaeang libaktheria ka mekhoa e fapaneng ho feta e sebelisoang ke liphekolo tse ling tsa lithethefatsi. 

Feme ea theknoloji e thehiloeng US IBM e boetse e thehile sistimi ea AI e ka ralang lithibela-mafu tse ncha ka matsatsi le ho thusa ho theha liphekolo tse ncha bakeng sa maemo a mang a kang seoa sa COVID-19. Sistimi ea k'hamphani e its'etleha ho mofuta oa tlhahiso, 'me bafuputsi ba fana ka algorithm ea AI e nang le database e kholo ea limolek'hule tse tsebahalang tsa peptide. AI algorithm e sebelisa database ho sekaseka lipaterone ebe e bala kamano lipakeng tsa limolek'hule le thepa ea tsona.

Haeba molek'hule e itseng e fumanoa e na le sebopeho kapa sebopeho se itseng, e atisa ho etsa mosebetsi o itseng, o lumellang tsamaiso ho ithuta melao ea motheo ea moralo oa molek'hule. Bafuputsi ba ka bolella sistimi ea AI hore na e batla hore molek'hule e ncha e be le thepa efe, 'me ba sebelisa liparamente tsena, ebe ba theha limolek'hule tse ncha tse kopanang le liparamente tsena, tse ka lekoa ho litoeba. Lenaneo la AI le etselitsoe ho hlahloba metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale e ka bang limilione tse 100 ka mor'a matsatsi a seng makae le ho fumana lithibela-mafu.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ho sibolloa ha lithibela-mafu tse ncha ka mokhoa oo bo-rasaense ba ntseng ba o hlahloba ho bontša lebone la tšepo toantšong ea libaktheria tse hananang le lithibela-mafu. Ts'ebetso ena ha e lumelle feela ho tsebahatsoa ha lithibela-mafu tse ka lebisang mefuta e hanyetsanang haholo empa hape e bula monyetla oa ho qapa meriana e mecha e ka loantšang libaktheria tse seng li sa angoe ke lithibela-mafu tse tsejoang. Ha re kena mehleng ea 'post-antibiotics', moo lithibela-mafu tse teng li lahleheloang ke ts'ebetso ea tsona ka lebaka la tšebeliso e feteletseng ea ho phekola limela, liphoofolo le batho, lipatlisiso tsena li bohlokoa ho feta leha e le neng pele. 

Ho ea ka tlaleho ea Machaba a Kopaneng, ho fokotseha ha katleho ea lithibela-mafu ke ntho e tšoenyang haholo, e lebisang ho batho ba ka bang 700,000 10 ba shoang selemo le selemo. Palo ena e lebelletsoe ho nyolohela ho limilione tse 2050 ka XNUMX haeba mokhoa ona o ntse o tsoela pele. Bokhoni ba ho sibolla le ho theha lithibela-mafu tse ncha hase feela tsoelo-pele ea saense; ke mokhoa oa bophelo o ka pholosang maphelo a limilione nakong e tlang. Bakeng sa mebuso, sena se totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho tšehetsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele sebakeng sena, hammoho le ho kenya ts'ebetsong maano a ho laola tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lithibela-mafu tse teng. 

Ho hlahisoa ha lithibela-mafu tse ncha ho ka etsa hore ho be le phekolo e sebetsang haholoanyane bakeng sa tšoaetso e tloaelehileng, ho fokotsa kotsi ea mathata le lefu. Lik'hamphani tse indastering ea meriana li ka hloka ho tsetela lipatlisisong tsena, li hlokomela bokhoni ba eona ba ho bopa bokamoso ba bongaka. Litsi tsa thuto li kanna tsa hloka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho koetliseng moloko o latelang oa bo-ramahlale lefapheng lena, ho netefatsa hore lebelo le ntse le tsoela pele. 

Litlamorao tsa lithibela-mafu tsa AI

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa lithibela-mafu tsa AI li ka kenyelletsa:  

• Lisebelisoa tsa meriana tse hlahisang liphekolo tse ncha le litlhare ho alafa mafu a neng a sa phekolehe pele, a lebisang ho lelekoeng la bophelo le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ho bakuli ba nang le maemo a sa foleng le a hlobaetsang.
• Litharollo tse ka bang teng li ntse li sibolloa bothateng ba lilemo tse mashome ba ho mena ha protheine, ho nolofalletsa kutloisiso e tebileng ea lits'ebetso tsa baeloji le ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea liphekolo tsa mafu a kang Alzheimer's le Parkinson.
• Ho sibolloa ha lisebelisoa tse monyang khabone bakeng sa ho sebetsana le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ho kenya letsoho phokotsong ea likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le ho tšehetsa boiteko ba lefats'e ba ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa ho futhumala ha lefatše.
• Ho sibolloa ha lisebelisoa tse ka sebelisoang ho ntšetsa pele tlhahiso le polokelo ea matla, ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea matla le ho fokotsa ho its'etleha ho lisebelisoa tse ke keng tsa nchafatsoa.
• Mebuso e kenyang ts'ebetsong melao e thata ea tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu temong le tlhokomelong ea bophelo bo botle, e lebisang ho mokhoa o laoloang le o nang le boikarabelo oa ho boloka katleho ea lithibela-mafu tse teng.
• Keketseho ea matsete lipatlisisong tse amanang le ho hanyetsa lithibela-mafu, ho khothaletsa tšebelisano pakeng tsa bo-ramahlale, litsebi tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle le baetsi ba melaoana, le ho khanna nts'etsopele ea mahlale a macha a bongaka.
• Ntlafatso ea matšolo a thuto a reretsoeng ho hlokomelisa ka ho hanyetsa lithibela-mafu, ho lebisa tlhokomelong ea boitšoaro ba sechaba le tšehetso bakeng sa tšebeliso e nang le boikarabelo ea lithibela-mafu.
• Phetoho e shebaneng le indasteri ea meriana e lebisitse tlhokomelong ea bongaka ba motho ka mong, e matlafatsa kutloisiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho ka mong, e leng se lebisang ho liphekolo tse hlophisitsoeng le tse sebetsang haholoanyane.
• Ho kopanngoa ha thepa le mahlale a macha ka har'a kaho le tlhahisong, e lebisang meahong e baballang matla le litsamaiso tsa lipalangoang, e leng se tlatselletsang tikolohong e tsitsitseng ea litoropo.
• Ho hlaha ha mesebetsi e mecha le litsebo tse ikhethang ka har'a makala a mahlale le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, ho lebisang tlhokahalong ea litsebi tse nang le boiphihlelo mafapheng a amanang le lipatlisiso tsa lithibela-mafu, ho mena ha protheine le mahlale a lintho tse bonahalang.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• U nahana hore ke eng e ka fokotsang bokhoni ba lisebelisoa tsa AI tsa meriana ho hlahisa lithibela-mafu tse ncha, haeba li teng? 
• Na u lumela hore lithibela-mafu leha e le life tse ncha tse fumanoeng e le karolo ea boiteko ba lipatlisiso tse tsamaisoang ke AI li lokela ho fumaneha habonolo linaheng tse ke keng tsa ba le lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahisa le ho etsa lipatlisiso tse tšoanang?