Ho kopanya liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng: Na re ka etsa setsoalle sa boea bophelo bohle?

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• December 6, 2021

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Katleho e atlehileng ea ntja e bitsoang Snuppy e tšoaile nako ea bohlokoahali ho tsa biotechnology, e bula tsela bakeng sa ho hlaha ha lik'hamphani tse hlahisang liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Lifeme tsena li fana ka monyetla oa ho theha likopi tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse ratoang, e leng tšebeletso e tsositseng cheseho le likhang tsa boitšoaro. Ha thekenoloji e ntse e tsoela pele, e fetola indasteri ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, e khothaletsa kholo ea moruo, 'me e ka bula mamati bakeng sa merero e matla ea ho kopanya liphoofolo.

Moelelo oa ho kopanya liphoofolo

Ho fihletsoe ketsahalo ea bohlokoa lefapheng la boenjineri ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ka 2005 ha phoofolo ea Afghan hound, e bitsoang Snuppy, e ne e atlehile ho etsoa ke bafuputsi ba Seoul National University. Ketsahalo ena e ile ea tšoaea phetoho e khōlō thutong ea baeloji, e bontšang hore ka sebele ho ka khoneha ho kopanya lintho tse phelang tse rarahaneng tse kang lintja. 

Ka 2015, sebaka sa ho kopanya liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng se fetohile haholo. Pale ea katleho ea Snuppy e hlahisitse lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Lifeme tsena li fa bareki monyetla oa ho etsa likopi tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa liphoofolo tseo ba li ratang, e leng tšebeletso e fihletsoeng ka cheseho le lipelaelo. Khatelo-pele ena e boetse e tsositse ngangisano e ncha mabapi le litokelo tsa liphoofolo, e leng se hlahisitseng lipotso mabapi le liphello tsa boitšoaro tsa ho etsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le monyetla oa ho tlatlapuoa.

Mokhoa oa ho etsa cloning phoofolo ea lapeng e batla e le bonolo ho ea ka khopolo, leha ho le joalo e hloka ho nepahala le boitsebelo ts'ebetsong. E qala ka biopsy ea lisele e etsoang ho phoofolo ea lapeng ea pele, eo lisele li ntšoang ho eona. Joale lisele tsena li kopanngoa le mahe a kotuloeng ho ntja e nketseng sebaka, ho etsa mahe a emolisitsoeng a jereng liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa phoofolo ea pele ea lapeng. Li-embryos li kenngoa ka har'a mosali e mong ka ho buuoa ho fokolang. 

Litsenyehelo tsa ts'ebeletso ena li holimo, 'me bareki ba lebelletsoe ho ntša chelete e ka bang USD $50,000 bakeng sa clone. Tshebetso ena e nka karolelano ea likhoeli tse peli feela ho tloha qalong ho fihlela qetellong. Bakeng sa beng ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng joalo ka Barbara Streisand, ea entseng lintja tsa hae ka 2017, boleng ba maikutlo ba ho boloka lefa la lefutso la phoofolo eo ba e ratang bo feta litšenyehelo tsa lichelete.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Likhamphani tse kang Sinogene, feme ea theknoloji ea biotech e Beijing, e rera ho fana ka li-clone tse ka bang 500 selemo le selemo lilemong tse hlano tse tlang ho bareki ba fapaneng, ka hare ho naha le machabeng. Keketseho ena ea tlhokeho e fihleloa ka tšehetso e tsoang ho mmuso oa China, e kenyelletseng lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng tsa DNA morerong oa eona oa maano oa lilemo tse hlano. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, naheng ea Amerika, ViaGen Pets e thehiloeng Texas e na le tlhoko e phahameng hoo hajoale e nang le lenane la ho leta la selemo se le seng. Ha thekenoloji e ntse e hola le ho sebetsa hantle haholoanyane, hoa utloahala hore litšenyehelo tsa ho etsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li ka fokotseha, e leng ho etsang hore e fihlellehe ho batho ba bangata. 

Ntle le moo, ha li-clone li fetoha sehlopha se secha ka har'a 'maraka oa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, indasteri e kanna ea hloka ho ikamahanya le ho holisa mefuta ea eona ea lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso. Mokhoa ona o ka lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea linyehelo tse khethehileng tse etselitsoeng liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse ikhethileng, joalo ka merero ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, lihlahisoa tse khethehileng tsa lijo, kapa mananeo a ikhethang a koetliso. Phetoho ena e ka khothaletsa kholo ea moruo ka har'a indasteri ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, ea theha mesebetsi e mecha le menyetla ea likhoebo.

Mekhoa le tsebo e fumanoeng ho tsoa ho liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng e ka sebelisoa mererong e meholo, joalo ka ho tsosa mefuta ea liphoofolo tse seng li felile. Ts'ebetso ena e ka fana ka leseli la bohlokoa mabapi le baeloji le ikholoji ea mefuta ena, e tlatselletsa kutloisisong ea rona ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng le ho iphetola ha lintho. Le hoja khopolo ea ho kopanya batho e ntse e le taba e tsosang khang e nang le mathata a boitšoaro le a boitšoaro, bokhoni ba theknoloji bakeng sa mosebetsi o joalo bo ntse bo ntlafala, e leng se etsang hore ho be le tlhoko ea ho shebisisa le ho laola ka hloko ke sechaba le mebuso.

Liphello tsa ho etsa cloning ea liphoofolo 

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa cloning ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng li ka kenyelletsa:

• Tlhokahalo e tlase ea litšebeletso tsa ho tsoalisa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng hang ha cloning e se e fumaneha habonolo ho bongata.
• Liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso e ba mohato o latelang o moholo bakeng sa bophelo bo bolelele ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.
• Lingaka tsa liphoofolo tse ntseng li le tlas'a koetliso e khethehileng ea ho sebetsana le likokoana-hloko tsa liphoofolo.
• Phetoho ea maikutlo a sechaba mabapi le bophelo le lefu, e ka fetolang maikutlo a rona mabapi le lefu le potoloho ea bophelo ba tlhaho.
• Mesebetsi e mecha ho biotechnology, bongaka ba liphoofolo le lits'ebeletso tsa tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.
• Molao o mocha oa ho laola indasteri, ho leka-lekanya lithahasello tsa beng ba liphoofolo tsa lapeng, babuelli ba litokelo tsa liphoofolo, le lik'hamphani tsa biotech.
• Lipatlisiso tse ling le nts'etsopele lefapheng la biotechnology, e ka lebisang katlehong libakeng tse ling tse kang ho kopanya litho tsa 'mele kapa thibelo ea mafu a lefutso.
• Ho hlahisa litšila tsa likokoana-hloko kapa tšebeliso e feteletseng ea lisebelisoa, e hlokang nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e tsitsitseng ka hare ho indasteri.
• Keketseho e ntseng e eketseha ea baitseki ba litokelo tsa liphoofolo holim'a tšebeliso le kalafo ea liphoofolo tse nketsoeng sebaka.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Haeba u mong'a phoofolo ea lapeng, na u ka sebelisa tšebeletso ee hang ha e se e le theko e tlaase? Hobaneng?
• U nahana hore mathata a ho ba le phoofolo ea lapeng e ka ba life?