Thuto e tebileng: Mekhahlelo e mengata e tebileng ea ho ithuta ka mochini

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Foresigh
• September 9, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Ho ithuta ho tebileng (DL), mofuta oa ho ithuta ka mochini (ML), ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) ka ho ithuta ho tsoa ho data ka mekhoa e ts'oanang le ts'ebetso ea boko ba motho. E fumana ts'ebeliso makaleng a fapaneng, ho tloha ho ntlafatso ea likoloi tse ikemetseng le tlhahlobo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ho ea ho li-chatbots tsa matla le ho ntlafatsa mehato ea ts'ireletso ea cyber. Bokhoni ba theknoloji ea ho sebetsana le mesebetsi e rarahaneng, ho sekaseka li-data tse ngata, le ho bolela esale pele ka tsebo ke ho bopa liindasteri le ho phahamisa likhang tsa boitšoaro, haholo mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea data le lekunutu.

Boemo ba thuto e tebileng

Ho ithuta ho tebileng ke mofuta oa ML oo e leng motheo oa likopo tse ngata tsa AI. DL e ka thusa ka mesebetsi ea lihlopha ka kotloloho ho tsoa litšoantšong, mongolo kapa molumo. E ka etsa analytics ea data le ho hokahanya lisebelisoa, ea thusa ka liroboto tse ikemetseng le likoloi tse itsamaisang, le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale. DL e ka thusa ho tseba mekhoa le mekhoa le ho hlahisa likhakanyo tse nepahetseng haholoanyane. Theknoloji ena e ka boela ea sebelisana le lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji, tse kang li-smartphone le lisebelisoa tsa Inthanete tsa Lintho (IoT). 

DL e sebelisa marang-rang a maiketsetso a methapo ea kutlo ho thusa ka mesebetsi e ts'oanang le ts'ebetso ea puo ea tlhaho (NLP) kapa pono ea komporo le temoho ea puo. Marang-rang a Neural a ka boela a fana ka likhothaletso tsa litaba tse ts'oanang le tse fumanoang lienjineng tsa patlo le libaka tsa khoebo tsa e-commerce. 

Ho na le mekhoa e mene ea mantlha ea ho ithuta ka botebo:

• Thuto e hlokometsoeng (data e ngotsoeng).
• Thuto e hlokometsoeng hanyane (lintlha tse ngotsoeng ka halofo).
• Ho ithuta ho sa behoa leihlo (ha ho li-label tse hlokahalang).
• Ho ithuta ka matlafatso (algorithms e sebelisana le tikoloho, eseng feela mohlala oa data).

Mekhoeng ena e mene, thuto e tebileng e sebelisa marang-rang a neural maemong a 'maloa ho ithuta khafetsa ho tsoa ho data, e leng molemo ha o batla lipaterone tlhahisoleseling e sa hlophisoang. 

Marang-rang a neural thutong e tebileng a etsisa tsela eo boko ba motho bo bōpehileng ka eona, ka li-neuron le li-node tse fapa-fapaneng tse hokahanyang le ho arolelana tlhahisoleseding. Thutong e tebileng, ha bothata bo ntse bo rarahane, ho tla ba le likarolo tse patehileng haholoanyane ka mohlala. Mofuta ona oa ML o ka ntša likarolo tsa boemo bo holimo ho tsoa ho data e ngata e tala (data e kholo). 

DL e ka thusa maemong ao bothata bo leng thata haholo bakeng sa monahano oa motho (mohlala, tlhahlobo ea maikutlo, ho bala maemo a maqephe a webo) kapa litaba tse hlokang tharollo e qaqileng (mohlala, ho iketsetsa motho ka mong, biometrics). 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ho ithuta ho tebileng ke sesebelisoa se matla bakeng sa mekhatlo e lakatsang ho sebelisa data ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo. Mohlala, marang-rang a neural a ka ntlafatsa tlhahlobo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ka ho ithuta lits'oants'o tse ngata tsa mafu a teng le liphekolo tsa ona, ho ntlafatsa taolo ea tlhokomelo ea bakuli le liphetho. Lisebelisoa tse ling tsa likhoebo li kenyelletsa pono ea komporo, liphetolelo tsa puo, temoho ea litlhaku, le li-interfaces tsa puisano (UI) joalo ka li-chatbots le bathusi ba sebele.

Kamohelo e atileng ea phetoho ea dijithale le ho falla ha maru ke mekhatlo e hlahisa liphephetso tse ncha tsa cybersecurity, moo mahlale a DL a ka bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsebahatseng le ho fokotsa litšokelo tse ka bang teng. Ha likhoebo li ntse li tsoela pele ho amohela maano a marang-rang a marang-rang le a lebasetere ho fihlela lipheo tsa bona tsa dijithale, ho rarahana ha libaka tsa IT, tse kenyeletsang thepa ea mahlale a kopaneng a mekhatlo kapa batho ka bomong, e eketsehile haholo. Ho rarahana hona ho ntseng ho hola ho hloka litharollo tse tsoetseng pele ho laola, ho sireletsa, le ho ntlafatsa maemo ana a fapaneng a rarahaneng a IT.

Khōlo ea libaka tsa IT le tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea mokhatlo e fana ka lebelo le theko e tlaase e hlokahalang hore motho a lule a le tlhōlisano empa hape a etsa hore ho be thata le ho feta ho laola le ho sireletsa ka katleho. DL e ka thusa ho khetholla mekhoa e sa tloaelehang kapa e sa tsitsang eo e ka bang letšoao la liteko tsa ho qhekella. Karolo ena e ka sireletsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa hore li se ke tsa kenella.

Liphello tsa thuto e tebileng

Litlamorao tse ngata tsa DL li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Likoloi tse ikemetseng tse sebelisang thuto e tebileng ho arabela hamolemo maemo a tikoloho, ho ntlafatsa ho nepahala, polokeho le katleho.
• Lipuisano tsa boitšoaro mabapi le hore na lintlha tsa biometric (mohlala, litšobotsi tsa sefahleho, sebopeho sa mahlo, DNA, mekhoa ea menoana) li bokelloa le ho bolokoa ke Big Tech.
• Litšebelisano tsa tlhaho lipakeng tsa batho le mechini lia ntlafala (mohlala, ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse bohlale le lintho tse aparoang).
• Likhamphani tsa Cybersecurity li sebelisa thuto e tebileng ho tseba lintlha tse fokolang litsing tsa IT.
• Likhamphani tse sebelisang litlhahlobo tse fapaneng tsa ho bolela esale pele ho ntlafatsa lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso le ho fana ka litharollo tse ikhethileng ho bareki.
• Mebuso e sebetsana le li-database tsa sechaba ho ntlafatsa phano ea litšebeletso tsa sechaba, haholo har'a libaka tsa masepala.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Ke joang hape ho ithuta ho tebileng ho ka thusang lik'hamphani le mebuso ho sebetsa ka mafolo-folo maemong a fapaneng?
• Ke likotsi life tse ling tse ka bang teng kapa melemo ea ho sebelisa thuto e tebileng?