Superbugs: Koluoa ​​​​ea bophelo bo botle e tlang lefatšeng ka bophara?

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• February 14, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Tšokelo ea hore likokoana-hloko li ka 'na tsa e-ba khahlanong le litlhare tse thibelang likokoana-hloko, haholo-holo lithibela-mafu, ke taba e ntseng e hola ea bophelo ba sechaba. Ho hanyetsa likokoana-hloko, ho lebisang ho phahama ha li-superbugs, ho thehile kotsi ea ts'ireletso ea bophelo bo botle lefatšeng ka bophara, ka temoso ea Machaba a Kopaneng ea hore ho hanyetsa likokoana-hloko ho ka baka lefu la limilione tse 10 ka 2050.

Boemo ba Superbug

Lilemong tse makholo a mabeli tse fetileng, meriana ea sejoale-joale e thusitse ho felisa maloetse a mangata ao pele e neng e le tšokelo ho batho lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho pholletsa le lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, haholo-holo, lithethefatsi tse matla le liphekolo li ile tsa hlahisoa tse ileng tsa nolofalletsa batho ho phela bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo bolelele. Ka bomalimabe, likokoana-hloko tse ngata li fetohile 'me li fetoha khahlanong le meriana ena. 

Ho hanyetsa likokoana-hloko ho bakile koluoa ​​​​ea bophelo bo botle lefatšeng ka bophara 'me e etsahala ha likokoana-hloko tse kang baktheria, li-fungus, livaerase le likokoana-hloko li fetoha ho loantša liphello tsa meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko. Ha sena se etsahala, meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko ha e sebetse 'me hangata e hloka hore ho sebelisoe mefuta e matla ea meriana. 

Libaktheria tse hananang le lithethefatsi, tseo hangata li tsejoang e le "superbugs," li hlahile ka lebaka la mabaka a kang tšebeliso e mpe ea lithibela-mafu meriana le temo, tšilafalo ea indasteri, taolo e sa sebetseng ea tšoaetso, le ho haella ha metsi a hloekileng le likhoerekhoere. Khanyetso e hlaha ka ho feto-fetoha ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa meloko e mengata le ho fetoha ha likokoana-hloko, tse ling tsa tsona li itlhahela feela, hammoho le phetiso ea litaba tsa lefutso ho pholletsa le mefuta.
 
Hangata li-superbugs li ka sitisa boiteko ba ho phekola maloetse a tloaelehileng 'me li bakile mafu a mangata a sepetlele lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ho latela Litsi tsa United States tsa Taolo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC), mefuta ena e tšoaetsa batho ba fetang limilione tse 2.8 ’me e bolaea batho ba fetang 35,000 10 United States selemo le selemo. Likokoana-hloko tsena li 'nile tsa fumanoa li ntse li potoloha metseng, li beha bophelo bo botle kotsing. Ho loants'a khanyetso ea lithibela-mafu ho bohlokoa kaha bothata bo na le monyetla oa ho tsoa taolong, 'me Mokhatlo oa AMR Action Fund o hakantse hore ho shoa ha mafu a bakoang ke mafu a hananang le lithibela-mafu ho ka eketseha ho fihla ho limilione tse 2050 ka selemo ka XNUMX.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ho sa tsotellehe tšokelo e hlahang lefatšeng ka bophara ea li-superbugs, lithibela-mafu li ntse li sebelisoa haholo, eseng feela bakeng sa ho phekola tšoaetso ea batho empa le indastering ea temo. Leha ho le joalo, palo e ntseng e eketseha ea boitsebiso e bontša hore mananeo a sepetlele a ikemiselitseng ho laola tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu, a tsejoang ka hore ke "Antibiotic Stewardship Programs," a ka ntlafatsa phekolo ea tšoaetso le ho fokotsa liketsahalo tse mpe tse amanang le tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu. Mananeo ana a thusa lingaka ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tlhokomelo ea bakuli le polokeho ea mokuli ka ho eketsa litekanyetso tsa pheko ea tšoaetso, ho fokotsa ho hloleha ha kalafo, le ho eketsa khafetsa ea lengolo la ngaka le nepahetseng bakeng sa kalafo le prophylaxis. 

Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o boetse o buella leano le matla, le kopaneng le shebaneng le thibelo le ho sibolloa ha liphekolo tse ncha. Leha ho le joalo, khetho e le 'ngoe e teng hona joale ea ho thibela ho hlaha ha li-superbugs ke ka ho thibela le ho laola tšoaetso ka katleho. Maqheka ana a hloka hore ho emisoe mokhoa oa ho fana ka meriana ho feta tekano le tšebeliso e mpe ea lithibela-mafu ke litsebi tsa bongaka, hammoho le ho etsa bonnete ba hore bakuli ba sebelisa lithibela-mafu tse fanoeng ka nepo ka ho li nka joalokaha ho bontšitsoe, ho qeta thupelo e boletsoeng, le ho se arolelane le tsona. 

Liindastering tsa temo, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea lithibela-mafu ho alafa liphoofolo tse kulang feela, le ho se li sebelise e le lintlha tsa kholo ea liphoofolo ho ka ba bohlokoa ntoeng e khahlano le lithibela-mafu. 

Hajoale, ho hlokahala boqapi bo boholo le ho tsetela lipatlisisong tsa ts'ebetso, hammoho le lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele ea litlhare tse ncha tse thibelang likokoana-hloko, liente le lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo, haholo-holo tse lebisitseng libaktheria tse mpe tsa gram-negative joalo ka Enterobacteriaceae e hanyetsanang le carbapenem le Acinetobacter baumannii. 

Letlole la Kgato ya Kgahlanong le Dikokwana-hloko, Letlole la Tshireletso la Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Partner Trust, le Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership li ka sebetsana le likheo tsa lichelete tsa ho tšehetsa matsapa a lipatlisiso ka lichelete. Mebuso e mengata, ho kenyeletsoa ea Sweden, Jeremane, United States le United Kingdom, e ntse e leka mekhoa ea ho buseletsoa ho hlahisa litharollo tsa nako e telele ho loants'a li-superbugs.

Liphello tsa li-superbugs

Litlamorao tse pharaletseng tsa ho hanyetsa lithibela-mafu li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho lula nako e telele sepetlele, litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa bongaka, le ho eketseha ha lefu.
• Ho buuoa ka setho sa 'mele ho ntse ho e-ba kotsi le ho feta kaha batho ba nang le immuno-compromised ba ka 'na ba sitoa ho loantša mafu a kotsi ntle le lithibela-mafu.
• Liphekolo le lits'ebetso tse kang chemotherapy, likarolo tsa caesarean, le appendectomies li ba kotsi haholo ntle le lithibela-mafu tse sebetsang bakeng sa thibelo le kalafo ea tšoaetso. (Haeba libaktheria li kena maling, li ka baka septicemia e behang bophelo kotsing.)
• Pneumonia e ntse e ata le ho feta 'me e ka khutla joalo ka ha e kile ea bolaea batho ba bangata, haholo-holo har'a maqheku.
• Thibelo ea lithibela-mafu ho likokoana-hloko tsa liphoofolo tse ka bang le phello e mpe ka kotloloho ho bophelo bo botle ba liphoofolo. (Mafu a tšoaetsanoang a baktheria a ka boela a baka tahlehelo ea moruo tlhahisong ea lijo.)

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Na u nahana hore ntoa khahlanong le li-superbugs ke taba ea saense le meriana kapa ke taba ea sechaba le boitšoaro?
• U nahana hore ke mang ea lokelang ho etella pele phetoho ea boitšoaro: mokuli, ngaka, indasteri ea meriana ea lefats'e, kapa baetsi ba melao-motheo?
• Ha u nahana ka tšokelo ea ho hanyetsa likokoana-hloko, na u nahana hore mekhoa e kang antimicrobial prophylaxis bakeng sa batho ba phelang hantle "ba kotsing" e lokela ho lumelloa hore e tsoele pele?