Motse o bohlale le Marang-rang a Lintho: Tikoloho ea litoropo e hokahanyang ka dijithale

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• July 13, 2022

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Litoropo li fetoha ka potlako litsi tsa litoropo tse bohlale, li sebelisa mahlale a Marang-rang a Lintho (IoT) ho ntlafatsa litšebeletso le litšebeletso tsa sechaba. Lintlafatso tsena li lebisa ntlafatsong ea maemo a bophelo, ho tšoarella ho hoholo ha tikoloho, le menyetla e mecha ea moruo. Phetoho ena e boetse e tlisa liphephetso boinotšing ba data le litlhoko tsa litsebo tse ncha tsa theknoloji le cybersecurity.

Smart City le Marang-rang a Lintho

Ho tloha ka 1950, palo ea batho ba lulang metseng e meholo e eketsehile ka makhetlo a tšeletseng, ho tloha ho limilione tse 751 ho ea ho tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 4 ka 2018. Litoropo li lebelletsoe ho eketsa baahi ba bang ba limilione tse likete tse 2.5 pakeng tsa 2020 le 2050, e leng se hlahisang phephetso ea tsamaiso mebusong ea litoropo.

Ha batho ba bangata ba fallela litoropong, mafapha a meralo ea litoropo a ntse a le tlas'a khatello e eketsehileng ea ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa sechaba tsa boleng bo holimo, tse tšepahalang. Ka lebaka leo, litoropo tse ngata li nahana ka matsete a bohlale a litoropo ho latela marang-rang a morao-rao a morao-rao a dijithale ho ba thusa ho tsamaisa lisebelisoa le lits'ebeletso tsa bona. Har'a mahlale a thusang marang-rang ana ke lisebelisoa tse hokahaneng le Marang-rang a Lintho (IoT). 

IoT ke pokello ea lisebelisoa tsa khomphutha, mechini ea mochini le ea dijithale, lintho, liphoofolo kapa batho ba nang le li-identifiers tse ikhethang le bokhoni ba ho fetisa data ka marang-rang a kopaneng ntle le ho hloka tšebelisano ea motho le komporo kapa motho le motho. Boemong ba litoropo, lisebelisoa tsa IoT joalo ka limithara tse hokahaneng, mabone a seterateng, le li-sensor li sebelisoa ho bokella le ho sekaseka datha, tse sebelisoang ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea lits'ebeletso tsa sechaba, lits'ebeletso le lits'ebeletso. 

Europe ke naha e tlang pele lefatšeng ka bophara ho nts'etsopele ea litoropo. Ho latela IMD Smart City Index 2023, litoropo tse robeli ho tse 10 tse bohlale lefatšeng ka bophara li Europe, 'me Zurich e fumana sebaka se holimo. Lenane lena le sebelisa Human Development Index (HDI), e leng metric e kopantseng lilemo tse lebeletsoeng ho phela, maemo a thuto, le chelete e kenang ho motho ka mong ho lekola tsoelopele ea naha ka kakaretso. 

Tšusumetso e senyang

Ho kopanngoa ha mahlale a IoT libakeng tsa litoropo ho lebisa lits'ebetsong tse ncha tse ntlafatsang ka kotloloho boleng ba bophelo ba baahi ba litoropo. Chaena, li-sensor tsa boleng ba moea tsa IoT li fana ka mohlala o sebetsang. Li-sensor tsena li lekola maemo a tšilafalo ea moea le ho romella litemoso ho baahi ka litemoso tsa smartphone ha boleng ba moea bo theohela maemong a kotsi. Tlhahisoleseding ena ea nako ea sebele e matlafatsa batho ka bomong ho fokotsa ho pepeseha ha bona moeeng o silafetseng, ho ka fokotsang sekhahla sa mafu a matšoafo le tšoaetso.

Li-grids tsa motlakase tse bohlale li emela ts'ebeliso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea IoT taolong ea litoropo. Li-grid tsena li thusa bafani ba motlakase ho laola kabo ea motlakase ka bokhabane, e leng se lebisang ho fokotseng litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso e matlafalitsoeng ea ts'ebetso. Tšusumetso ea tikoloho le eona ea hlokomeleha; ka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea motlakase, litoropo li ka fokotsa ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše, haholo-holo tse tsoang lifemeng tsa motlakase tse thehiloeng ho mafura. Ho feta moo, litoropo tse ling li kenya tšebetsong lits'ebetso tsa polokelo ea matla a bolulo le liphanele tsa letsatsi tse hokelang marang-rang a bohlale, ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo nakong ea tlhokeho e phahameng haholo le ho thusa beng ba matlo ho boloka matla hore ba a sebelise hamorao kapa ho rekisa matla a letsatsi a setseng ho marang-rang.

Beng ba matlo ba kenyang letsoho ho boloka matla le mananeo a matla a letsatsi ba ka thabela melemo e 'meli: ba kenya letsoho tsamaisong ea matla e tsitsitseng ha ba ntse ba hlahisa chelete e kenang feela. Chelete ena e ka tiisa botsitso ba bona ba lichelete, haholo-holo linakong tsa ho hloka botsitso moruong. Bakeng sa likhoebo, ho amoheloa ha marang-rang a bohlale ho fetolela litšenyehelo tse lebelletsoeng le tse ka bang tlase tsa matla, tse ka ntlafatsang ntlha ea tsona ea mantlha. Mebuso le eona e rua molemo, kaha litheknoloji tsena li thusa litoropo tse tšoarellang haholoanyane, li fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo tse amanang le mafu a amanang le tšilafalo, 'me li khothalletsa boipuso ba matla.

Litlamorao tsa litoropo tse sebelisang litsamaiso tse bohlale tsa IoT tsa toropo

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa litsamaiso tse ngata tsa litoropo tse sebelisang theknoloji ea IoT li ka kenyelletsa:

• Phetoho mekhoeng ea bophelo ea litoropong ho lebisa tlhokomelong e eketsehileng ea tikoloho, e susumetsoang ke lintlha tsa nako ea sebele mabapi le maemo a tikoloho ea lehae le mehato ea motho ka mong ea khabone.
• Keketseho ea ho amoheloa ha mehloli ea matla a tsosolositsoeng ke beng ba matlo, e susumelitsoeng ke likhothaletso tsa lichelete tsa ho rekisa matla a letsatsi a feteletseng ho khutlela marang-rang.
• Theho ea menyetla e mecha ea limmaraka lekaleng la IoT le matla a ka nchafatsoang, e lebisang kholong ea mesebetsi le phapanong ea moruo liindastering tsena.
• Mebuso ea lehae e amohela mekhoa e pepeneneng le e ikarabellang ho arabela ho boteng bo ntseng bo eketseha ba data ea litoropong le sethala sa boitlamo ba baahi.
• Phetoho ea moralo oa litoropo mabapi le mekhoa e tsamaisoang ke data, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lipalangoang tsa sechaba, taolo ea litšila le kabo ea matla.
• Ho ba le seabo se matlafalitsoeng ke sechaba le boikamahanyo le sechaba, ha baahi ba fumana leseli le lits'ebeletso habonolo, le menyetla e mengata ea ho susumetsa liqeto tsa lehae.
• Keketseho ea tlhokahalo ea litsebi tsa ts'ireletso ea marang-rang le litsebi tsa lekunutu la data, ha bomasepala ba ntse ba loantšana le ho sireletsa palo e kholo ea data e hlahisoang ke mahlale a bohlale a litoropo.
• Phokotso ea butle-butle ea ho ata ha litoropo, kaha lipalangoang tsa sechaba tse sebetsang hantle le lits'ebetso tsa motlakase li etsa hore ho phela ka har'a litoropo ho be ho khahle le ho tšoarella.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• A na u ka lumella 'muso oa toropo ho fumana lintlha tsa hau tsa maeto haeba boitsebiso bona ba maeto bo sebelisoa e le karolo ea boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa sephethephethe?
• Na u lumela hore mefuta e bohlale ea IoT ea toropo e ka fetisetsoa boemong boo litoropo le litoropo tse ngata li ka fumanang melemo ea tsona e fapaneng? 
• Ke likotsi life tsa lekunutu tse amanang le theknoloji ea IoT ea toropo?