Neuromorphic chip: Computing's cerebral leap

• Author:
• Lebitso la sengoli

  Quantumrun Ponelopele
• April 8, 2024

Kakaretso ea kutloisiso

Khomphutha ea Neuromorphic e etsisa bokhoni ba boko bo sebetsang hantle, bo ts'episang ho boloka matla a bohlokoa le bokamoso bo tsitsitseng ba likhomphutha. Mokhoa ona o ikemiselitse ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea boko le ho khothaletsa boqapi ba bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI), bo ka fetolang liindasteri tse fapaneng le litloaelo tsa sechaba. Ha e ntse e fana ka lintlafatso tse kholo ho matla a khomphutha le lits'ebetso tsa AI, li-neuromorphic chips le tsona li hlahisa liphephetso boinotšing, ts'ireletso, le tlhoko ea meralo e ntlafalitsoeng ea taolo ho tsamaisa lebelo le potlakileng la tsoelopele ea mahlale.

Boemo ba Neuromorphic chip

Khomphutha ea Neuromorphic e ikemiselitse ho etsisa meralo ea boko ea boko e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse bonts'ang li-neurone le li-synapse, e fanang ka mokhoa o ts'episang ho fapana le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea likhomphutha. Patlisiso e tsoang ho TU Graz le Intel Labs e bonts'itse hore lisebelisoa tsa neuromorphic, joalo ka Intel Loihi research chip, li ka sebetsana le data ha li ntse li sebelisa matla a fokolang haholo ho feta litsamaiso tsa khale tsa likhomphutha. Tšobotsi ena e susumetsoa ke bokhoni bo hlollang ba boko ba motho, bo sebetsanang le boitsebiso bo rarahaneng ka tšebeliso ea matla e bapisoang le ea lebone. Tsoelo-pele ena ea katleho e tsamaellana le tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea litharollo tsa moshoelella tsa likhomphutha mafapheng a fapaneng.

Ho sa le joalo, The Human Brain Project, morero o moholo oa lipatlisiso oa Europe o kenyelletsang bo-ramahlale ba fetang 500, e ntse e ithuta li-neuromorphic chips ho fumana kutloisiso e felletseng ea boko. Ba rera ho nts'etsapele le ho kopanya mahlale a fapaneng, data, le lisebelisoa ho pholletsa le sekala, ho tloha ho liphatsa tsa lefutso ho isa tsebong. Boholo ba morero ona bo boholo, bo kenyelletsa nts'etsopele ea meaho ea likhomphutha tse bululetsoeng ke boko le likhokahano tsa mochini oa boko, tse ka lebisang tsoelo-peleng ea likhomphutha, AI, le kalafo e ncha ea mafu a methapo.

Li-processor tsa Neuromorphic li ka feta meeli e behiloeng ke molao oa Moore (matla a komporo le katleho li ka eketseha haholo ha nako e ntse e ea). Ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea bona e tlase ea matla, li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa komporo, joalo ka likoloi tse ikemetseng, li-drones le theknoloji e ka roaloang. Ntle le moo, likhomphutha tsa neuromorphic li hlophiselitsoe ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa komporo ea motho joalo ka li-accelerator tsa AI le li-co-processors, 'me li lebelletsoe hore li hokahane le lits'ebetso tsa khomphutha tse sebetsang hantle haholo.

Tšusumetso e senyang

Li-chips tsa Neuromorphic li ka lebisa ho lisebelisoa tse matla tsa komporo ea motho ka mong, tse nolofalletsang tlhahiso e ntlafalitsoeng, likarolo tse tsoetseng pele tsa mothusi oa motho, le boiphihlelo ba boithabiso bo tebileng. Leha ho le joalo, ho rarahana le bokhoni bo ntseng bo eketseha ba lisebelisoa tsena ho boetse ho phahamisa matšoenyeho mabapi le lekunutu le ts'ireletso ea data, kaha tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng ea botho e ntse e sebetsoa le ho bolokoa ho tsona. Ho feta moo, karohano ea dijithale e ka hola ha ba sa khoneng ho reka kapa ho fihlella theknoloji ea morao-rao ba salletse morao ho phihlello ea tlhahisoleseling le tsebo ea ho bala ka dijithale.

Likhoebo li ka sebelisa analytics e tsoetseng pele, AI, le ho ithuta ka mochini ho fumana leseli, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, le ho theha boiphihlelo ba bareki. Leha ho le joalo, ba boetse ba tobane le mathata a ho tsamaisana le lebelo la phetoho ea mahlale, ho sireletsa thepa ea mahlale, le ho netefatsa polokeho ea marang-rang ea litsamaiso tse ntseng li hokahana tse ntseng li eketseha. Ho feta moo, lik'hamphani li kanna tsa hloka ho shebisisa maano le ts'ebetso ea tsona ho lula li le tlholisano sebakeng seo tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e fetolang ka potlako matla a 'maraka le litebello tsa bareki.

Mebuso e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bopeng sephetho sa li-chips tsena ka leano le taolo. Ba kanna ba hloka ho tsetela lithutong le litsing tsa motheo ho ts'ehetsa ho amoheloa ha mahlale a tsoetseng pele le ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe mosebetsing le tekano sechabeng. Melao-motheo ea machaba le tšebelisano-'moho e tla ba tsa bohlokoa ho laola liphello tsa thekenoloji ho ts'ireletso ea lefats'e, tlhōlisano ea moruo, le ho boloka tikoloho. Leha ho le joalo, lebelo le potlakileng la phetoho ea mahlale le baka liphephetso bakeng sa meralo ea taolo, e ka bang thata ho tsoela pele ntle le ho sitisa boqapi kapa ho hloleha ho rarolla mathata a hlahang a boitšoaro le a sechaba.

Liphello tsa neuromorphic chip

Litlamorao tse pharalletseng tsa neuromorphic chip li ka kenyelletsa: 

• Matlafatso ea matla a matla ho lisebelisoa tsa likhomphutha, ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea litsi tsa data le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa motho.
• Ho potlakisa lipatlisiso tsa AI, ho nolofalletsang tlhahlobo ea bongaka e nepahetseng le e nakong.
• Liphetoho mekhoeng ea mesebetsi, ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea mesebetsi ho nts'etsopele ea li-neuromorphic chip le phokotseho ea mesebetsi ea setso ea khomphutha.
• Kenyelletso ea liroboto tse bohlale le tse ikemetseng ho feta mosebetsing, ho fetola mebaraka ea basebetsi le matla a sebaka sa mosebetsi.
• Keketseho ea phihlello ea bokhoni bo tsoetseng pele ba likhomphutha, e ka fokotsang karohano ea dijithale thutong le phihlello ea tlhahisoleseling.
• Nts'etsopele ea meaho ea litoropo e bohlale, e arabelang haholoanyane, ho ntlafatsa maemo a bophelo ba litoropong le taolo ea lisebelisoa.
• Mebuso e nchafatsang maano a ts'ireletso ea naha ho sebetsana le bokhoni bo ntlafetseng ba litsamaiso tse thehiloeng ho neuromorphic ho lekola le cybersecurity.
• Keketseho ea tlhokeho ea li-neuromorphic chips, e susumetsang liketane tsa phepelo ea lefats'e le maano a tlhahiso ea semiconductor.
• Likotsi tse matlafalitsoeng tsa lekunutu ka lebaka la bokhoni bo tsoetseng pele ba lisebelisoa tsa neuromorphic tsa ho sebetsana le data, e leng se etsang hore ho be le mehala e matla ea ts'ireletso ea data.
• Liphetoho ho boetapele ba lefats'e ba theknoloji, 'me linaha tse tsetelang lipatlisisong tsa neuromorphic li fumana monyetla oa tlholisano ho thekenoloji le boqapi.

Lipotso tse lokelang ho nahanoa

• Khomphutha ea neuromorphic e ka fetola tsela eo u sebelisanang le lisebelisoa tsa hau joang?
• Ke melemo efe ea tikoloho eo toropo ea hau e ka e fumanang ka ho sebelisa theknoloji ea neuromorphic lits'ebetsong tsa eona?