Imithetho emelene nokubulala ama-disinformation: Ohulumeni baqinisa ukwehlisa ulwazi olungaqondile

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Imithetho emelene nokubulala ama-disinformation: Ohulumeni baqinisa ukwehlisa ulwazi olungaqondile

Imithetho emelene nokubulala ama-disinformation: Ohulumeni baqinisa ukwehlisa ulwazi olungaqondile

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Okuqukethwe okudukisayo kusabalala futhi kuchuma emhlabeni wonke; ohulumeni bathuthukisa umthetho wokubamba imithombo yolwazi olunganembile iphendule.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • December 13, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Njengoba izindaba ezingamanga zidala umonakalo omkhulu okhethweni, zibhebhezela udlame, futhi zikhuthaza izeluleko zezempilo ezingamanga ohulumeni baphenya izindlela ezihlukene zokunciphisa nokumisa ukusabalala kolwazi olunganembile. Kodwa-ke, umthetho kanye nemiphumela kumele izulazule emgqeni omncane phakathi kwemithetho kanye nokucwaninga. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yemithetho emelene nokubulala ama-disinformation ingase ihlanganise izinqubomgomo zomhlaba ezihlukanisayo kanye nezinhlawulo ezikhulisiwe kanye nokuqulwa kwamacala ku-Big Tech.

    Umongo wemithetho elwa nokubulala ama-disinformation

    Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke baya ngokuya besebenzisa imithetho elwa nokubulawa kwabantu ukuze balwe nokubhebhetheka kwezindaba ezingamanga. Ngo-2018, iMalaysia yaba ngelinye lamazwe okuqala ukuphasisa umthetho ojezisa abasebenzisi benkundla yezokuxhumana noma izisebenzi zokushicilelwa kwedijithali ngokusabalalisa izindaba ezingamanga. Izijeziso zihlanganisa inhlawulo ye-USD $123,000 kanye nesigwebo esingaba sejele esingafika eminyakeni eyisithupha.

    Ngo-2021, uhulumeni wase-Australia wamemezela izinhlelo zakhe zokusungula imithetho ezonikeza umlindi wakhe wezindaba, i-Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA), amandla okulawula akhulisiwe phezu kwezinkampani ze-Big Tech ezingahlangabezani Nekhodi Yokuzilolonga Yokuzilolonga Yokulahla Ulwazi. Lezi zinqubomgomo ziwumphumela wombiko we-ACMA, othole ukuthi amaphesenti angama-82 abantu base-Australia badle okuqukethwe okudukisayo mayelana ne-COVID-19 phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-18 ezedlule.

    Umthetho onjalo ugqamisa indlela ohulumeni abaqinisa ngayo imizamo yabo yokwenza abathengisi bezindaba ezingezona baphendule ngemiphumela emibi yezenzo zabo. Nokho, nakuba abaningi bevuma ukuthi imithetho eqinile iyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe ukusabalala kwezindaba ezingamanga, abanye abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi le mithetho ingase ibe isitebhisi sokuhlolwa. Amanye amazwe afana ne-US kanye nePhilippines acabanga ukuthi ukuvimbela izindaba ezingamanga ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kwephula inkulumo ekhululekile futhi kuphambene nomthethosisekelo. Noma kunjalo, kulindeleke ukuthi kungahle kube nemithetho ehlukene emelene nokusabalalisa ulwazi ngokuzayo njengoba osopolitiki befuna ukuqokwa kabusha futhi ohulumeni bezabalaza ukuze bathole ukwethembeka.

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Yize izinqubomgomo ezimelene nokusabalalisa ulwazi zidingeka kakhulu, abagxeki bayazibuza ukuthi ubani othola imininingwane yonogada bese enquma ukuthi yini “iqiniso”? E-Malaysia, amanye amalungu omphakathi wezomthetho aphikisa ngokuthi kunemithetho eyanele ehlanganisa izinhlawulo zezindaba ezingamanga kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama nezincazelo zezindaba ezingamanga nokuthi abameleli bazozihlaziya kanjani akucacile. 

    Ngaleso sikhathi, imizamo yase-Australia yokulwa nokubulala magciwane yenziwe yaba yimpumelelo ngokwethulwa kweqembu le-Big Tech Lokuzenzela Ikhodi Yokuzilolonga Ye-Disinformation ngo-2021. Kule Khodi, i-Facebook, i-Google, i-Twitter, ne-Microsoft ichaze kabanzi ukuthi bahlela kanjani ukuvimbela ukusabalala kolwazi olungalungile. ezinkundleni zabo, okuhlanganisa nokuhlinzeka ngemibiko yaminyaka yonke esobala. Kodwa-ke, amafemu amaningi e-Big Tech awakwazanga ukulawula ukusabalala kokuqukethwe okungelona iqiniso kanye nemininingwane engamanga mayelana nalolu bhubhane noma impi yaseRussia-Ukraine ezinhlelweni zabo zedijithali, ngisho nangokuzilawula.

    Ngaleso sikhathi, e-Europe, izinkundla ezinkulu eziku-inthanethi, izinkundla ezisafufusa nezikhethekile, abadlali embonini yokukhangisa, abahlola amaqiniso, kanye nezinhlangano zocwaningo kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi zilethe Ikhodi Yokuzilolonga Yokuzilolonga Ebuyekeziwe Ye-Disinformation ngoJuni 2022, kulandela isiqondiso seKhomishini YaseYurophu ekhishwe ngo- Meyi 2021. Abasayinayo bavuma ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokumelene nemikhankaso yokulahla ulwazi, okuhlanganisa: 

    • ukusabalalisa ama-disinformation, 
    • ukuphoqelela ukuvezwa kwezikhangiso zezepolitiki, 
    • ukunika amandla abasebenzisi, kanye 
    • ukuthuthukisa ukubambisana nabahloli bamaqiniso. 

    Abasayinayo kufanele basungule Isikhungo Sokungafihli, esizohlinzeka umphakathi ngesifinyezo esiqondakala kalula sezinyathelo abazithathile ukufeza izithembiso zabo. Abasayinayo kwakudingeka ukuthi basebenzise Ikhodi zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha.

    Imithelela yemithetho elwa nokubulala ama-disinformation

    Imithelela ebanzi yemithetho elwa nokusabalalisa ulwazi ingabandakanya: 

    • Ukwanda kwemithetho ehlukanisayo emhlabeni wonke ngokumelene nolwazi olunganembile nezindaba ezingamanga. Amazwe amaningi angase abe nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imithetho emngceleni wokuhlolwa.
    • Amanye amaqembu ezepolitiki kanye nabaholi bezwe abasebenzisa le mithetho elwa nokusabalalisa ulwazi njengendlela yokulondoloza amandla nomthelela wabo.
    • Amaqembu alwela amalungelo abantu kanye namaqembu anxusa abhikishela imithetho emelene ne-disinformation, eyibuka njengephambana nomthethosisekelo.
    • Amafemu ezobuchwepheshe engeziwe ahlawuliswa ngokuhluleka ukuzibophezela Kumakhodi Wokuzijwayeza Wokulwa Ne-Disinformation.
    • I-Big Tech inyusa ukuqashwa kochwepheshe bokulawula ukuze baphenye izintuba ezingaba khona zamaKhodi Wokuzijwayeza Okumelene Nokwaziswa Okungahloniphi.
    • Ukucutshungulwa okuthuthukisiwe kwamafemu ezobuchwepheshe ngohulumeni okuholela ezidingweni zokuthobela imithetho eqinile kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokusebenza.
    • Abathengi bafuna ukuba sobala okukhulu nokuziphendulela ekulinganisweni kokuqukethwe, okuthonya izinqubomgomo zenkundla nokwethenjwa komsebenzisi.
    • Ukusebenzisana komhlaba wonke phakathi kwabakhi benqubomgomo ukuze kusungulwe izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zokulwa nolwazi olunganembile, olunomthelela kubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezivumelwano zohwebo.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Imithetho emelene nokusabalalisa ulwazi ingaphula kanjani inkululeko yokukhuluma?
    • Yiziphi ezinye izindlela ohulumeni abangavimbela ngazo ukusakazeka kwezindaba ezingamanga?