Imithi yokugoma yamangqamuzana: Enye indlela esekwe esitshalweni esikhundleni sokugoma eyakhiwe kuma-bioreactors

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 11, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukulima kwamangqamuzana, inqubo yokusebenzisa izitshalo ekudaleni umuthi wokugoma, kunikeza enye indlela ethembisayo ezindleleni zokukhiqiza zendabuko, ngezinzuzo ezifana nezindleko ezincishisiwe, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nokumelana nokungcoliswa. Le ndlela inamandla okuguqula izikhathi zokukhiqiza umuthi wokugoma, inike amandla amazwe asathuthuka ukuthi agcine amazinga okugoma, futhi inikeze ngisho nezindlela zokwelapha ezisimeme zokuhlaliswa kwabantu kwangaphandle komhlaba. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yalokhu kuthambekela ihlanganisa ukushintsha kwemibono yomphakathi mayelana nemikhiqizo eshintshwe izakhi zofuzo, amathuba emisebenzi emisha kwezolimo, kanye nezinguquko ezivumelwaneni zokuhwebelana zomhlaba wonke.

Umongo wokulima wamangqamuzana

Ukulima ngamangqamuzana kuyinqubo yokutshala imigomo yezitshalo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhayoloji yokwenziwa kanye nobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezikwazi ukuhlanganisa imithi yokugoma engasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwenza imithi ngaphakathi komkhakha wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Umqondo wokulima wamangqamuzana waqanjwa ngo-1986.

Emashumini amathathu eminyaka kamuva, ngo-2015, yazuza isithakazelo esikhulu lapho i-US Food and Drug Administration ivumela ukukhuliswa kwesitshalo sokwelapha isifo i-Gaucher. Izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo zasendle, zingaguqulwa zibe yimithi edliwayo ngokulima kwamangqamuzana. Inqubo yokulima kwamangqamuzana ibandakanya ukwethula i-vector kumaseli ezitshalo noma ezitshalweni eziphelele. Umsebenzi we-vector ukuthwala ikhodi yofuzo, isitshalo esingayisebenzisa ukuze sihlanganise amaprotheni. 

Iphrotheni eshintshwe izakhi zofuzo ekhiqizwa isitshalo esilashiwe umuthi wokugoma okhiqizwa ngokwemvelo onganikezwa ngomlomo ngokudla lezi zitshalo noma izithelo zesitshalo. Kungenjalo, umuthi ungakhishwa kujusi noma engxenyeni yokwelapha yesithelo noma isitshalo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Umqondo wokusebenzisa izitshalo njengezinsiza zokwenza i-biomanufacturing, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokwenza umuthi wokugoma, ubulokhu uthola ukunakwa kososayensi. Baphikisa ngokuthi ukulima kwamangqamuzana kufanele kube indlela ekhethwayo kunokukhiqizwa kwemijovo evamile kumalebhu kanye nama-incubator okuthuthukisa. Izizathu zalokhu kuthanda zihlanganisa ukukhululeka kwezitshalo ezikhulayo, ukumelana kwazo nokungcola okuvamile ekwenziweni kwezidakamizwa zendabuko, isimo sazo esivumelana nemvelo, kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe zokuhamba njengoba amaprotheni ashintshiwe awadingi ukugcinwa okubandayo. 

Ukulima ngamangqamuzana kungashintsha kakhulu umugqa wesikhathi kanye nezindleko zokukhiqizwa komgomo. Ukukhiqiza imithi yendabuko yokugoma ngokuvamile kudinga izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze kukhiqizwe umthamo omkhulu, kanye nokuhlola okuningi kokulawula izinga, amaphutha okungenzeka, kanye nezingozi. Ngokuphambene, imigomo yezitshalo inganciphisa inqubo yokukhiqiza iyonke ibe amasonto ambalwa kuphela. Lokhu kusebenza kahle akwehlisi nje kuphela izindleko kodwa futhi kwenza imithi yokugoma ifinyeleleke kalula, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho izinsiza zilinganiselwe. Ikhono lokugcina nokuthutha le mithi yokugoma ezingeni lokushisa elivamile lenza lula inqubo yokusabalalisa, okulenza libe yisixazululo esithembisayo sezinselele zezempilo zomhlaba.

Ohulumeni bangase badinge ukutshala izimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze basekele le ndlela entsha, beqaphela amandla ayo okuthuthukisa impilo yomphakathi. Izinkampani ezithintekayo ekukhiqizweni kokugoma zingase zidinge ukulungisa amasu kanye nengqalasizinda yazo ukuze zamukele ukulima kwamangqamuzana. Izikhungo zemfundo nazo zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqeqesheni isizukulwane esilandelayo sososayensi nabacwaningi kulo mkhakha. 

Imithelela yokulima kwamangqamuzana

Imithelela ebanzi yokulima kwamangqamuzana ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukuqeda isidingo sokuthi imithi yokugoma inikezwe ngomjovo, okuholela ekwandeni kokwamukelwa kwemithi yokugoma phakathi komphakathi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abesaba izinaliti noma lapho izikhungo zezokwelapha ziyindlala.
• Ukuvumela amazwe asathuthuka antula izindawo zokukhiqiza umuthi wokugoma wasekhaya ukuthi akhiqize imithi yokugoma esebenzisa izinqubo zokulima zendabuko (okuhlanganisa nezindlu ezibamba ukushisa noma amapulazi aqondile), okuholela emazingeni agciniwe okugoma phakathi kwabantu bendawo kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika ekuhlinzekweni kwemijovo yangaphandle.
• Ukuthuthukisa imibono yabantu abaningi noma ukuchema ezitshalweni ezishintshwe izakhi kanye nokudla ngokukhula ngokuhlanganisa ukudla nemithi kanye nezakhamzimba, okuholela ekushintsheni emibonweni yomphakathi kanye nokukhuphuka kokwamukelwa kwemikhiqizo eguquliwe.
• Ukunikeza izindlela zokwelapha ezisimeme ezindaweni zokuhlala ezingezona zomhlaba ezizayo lapho abantu bathola amakoloni enyangeni noma i-Mars, okuholela ekutheni kube nokwenzeka kwezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezizimele ekuhloleni indawo kanye nekoloni.
• Ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokwenziwa kwemithi yokugoma yendabuko ngokusebenzisa izitshalo, okuholela ekumosheni okuncane nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla, futhi kube neqhaza endleleni esimeme yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Ukudala amathuba emisebenzi emisha emkhakheni wezolimo ukuze kutshalwe izitshalo ezithile ezisetshenziswa ekulimeni kwamangqamuzana, okuholela ekushintsheni ezimakethe zezabasebenzi kanye nokukhula okungenzeka kwezomnotho zasemakhaya.
• Ukuthonya izivumelwano zohwebo zomhlaba jikelele kanye nemithethonqubo mayelana nokuthunyelwa kanye nokungeniswa kwemithi yokugoma esekelwe ezitshalweni, okuholela ezingxoxweni ezintsha zezombusazwe kanye noshintsho olungase lube khona ebudlelwaneni bamazwe ngamazwe.
• Ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasemfundweni ehlobene nokukhiqizwa kokugoma okusekelwe ezitshalweni, okuholela ekuveleni kwezinhlelo zemfundo ezikhethekile nezikhungo zocwaningo.
• Ukuphonsela inselelo amamodeli akhona ebhizinisi lemithi ngokwethula indlela engabizi kakhulu yokukhiqiza umuthi wokugoma, okuholela emananini ancintisanayo kanye noshintsho olungase lube khona ekubuseni kwemakethe.
• Ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo phakathi nobhubhane ngokunika amandla ukukhiqizwa komuthi wokugoma ngokushesha, okuholela ekungeneleleni okufika ngesikhathi futhi okungenzeka kusindise izimpilo eziningi ngesikhathi sezinkinga zezempilo zomhlaba.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Imiphi imiphumela engahlosiwe noma imiphumela emibi yemithi yokugoma ekhiqizwa ukulima kwamangqamuzana?
• Ucabanga ukuthi ukulima kwamangqamuzana kuzokwamukelwa nini ukuze kukhiqizwe ngobuningi okufana nezinqubo zokukhiqiza imithi yendabuko?