Inkinga ye-opioid: Izinkampani ezenza imithi zibhebhethekisa ubhubhane

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 5, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-opioid sekudlulele enkingeni enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi e-US, okuholela ekwehleni kwesilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezidakamizwa nokuzibulala. Le nkinga, eyaziwa ngokuthi ubhubhane lwe-opioid, yavela ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto ezihlanganisa nemizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kobuhlungu kanye nokumaketha okunolaka yimboni yezokwelapha. Njengoba le nkinga ithuthuka, ayigcini nje ngokubeka usongo kwamanye amazwe kodwa futhi inemithelela ebanzi, njengokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, izinguquko eziguquguqukayo zemakethe yezabasebenzi, kanye nokushintsha okungaba khona kuzinqubomgomo zokulawula.

Isimo senhlekelele ye-opioid 

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-opioid kuye kwakhula kwaba yinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi e-US, efuna isinyathelo esisheshayo kubameli, ochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nomphakathi wonkana. Isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuphila e-US sabona ukwehla sisuka eminyakeni engu-78.8 ku-2015 saya ku-78.7, saphinde sehla saya ku-78.5 ngo-2017. Lokhu kuncipha kubangelwa kakhulu ukwanda kwezidakamizwa nokuzibulala, kokubili okuhlobene kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwe-opioid. Kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2017, izinga lokufa elibangelwa ukweqisa kwezidakamizwa liye lakhula ngokuphindwe kathathu, kanti izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-opioid overdose likhuphuke cishe izikhathi eziyisithupha.

Le nkinga ekhulayo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubhubhane lwe-opioid, futhi ilandela iphethini ehlukile efana nobhubhane olubangelwa isifo esithathelwanayo. Umsuka walolu bhubhane ungalandelelwa emuva e-US, lapho uvele khona ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imizamo enezisusa ezinhle yodokotela yokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, okuhambisana namasu okuthengisa anolaka asetshenziswa imboni yezokwelapha. Ingqalasizinda yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, imihlahlandlela yokulawula, imikhuba yomphakathi, nezimo zezomnotho e-US konke kubambe iqhaza ekulungiseni le nkinga ekhona manje.

Njengoba lolu bhubhane luqhubeka nokuvela, luye lwaba yingozi kakhulu, lubeka usongo olungase lube yingozi nakwamanye amazwe. Ubhubhane lwe-opioid aluyona nje inkinga yezempilo, kodwa udaba lomphakathi oludinga impendulo ebanzi nedidiyelwe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umthelela wale nkinga udlulela ngalé komuntu, othinta imindeni, imiphakathi kanye nomnotho. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi, ama-opioid awavamile ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obuhambisana nokuhlinzwa, umdlavuza, noma ukuphela kokuphila. Uma odokotela beqala ukunikeza ama-opioid kulezi zifunda, bangase babe sengcupheni yenkinga efanayo ne-US. Futhi ngenxa yezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwendawo, lawa mazwe angase abe sengozini yokubanjwa ngokomthetho, isimo lapho ohulumeni bevamise ukufeza izintshisekelo zama-ejenti okufanele babaqaphe. 

Isibonelo, izifundo ezincane ezibonise iziguli ezinethuba elincane lokuba umlutha wama-opioid zamukelwa ngentshiseko isikhungo sezokwelapha sase-US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu bhubhane lubhebhetheka kakhulu amazwe afana ne-US ne-New Zealand avumela ukukhangisa kwemithi okuqondile kubathengi. Le ndawo yokulawula evumelayo ikhuthaza iziguli ukuthi zifune odokotela ukuze bathole imithi ethile. 

Isimo samanje sokulawula cishe sizoqhubeka kahle ngeminyaka yawo-2020 ngenxa yethonya lezombusazwe lomkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Futhi njengoba isilinganiso seminyaka yabantu sikhula emazweni athuthukile, imboni yezokwelapha kungenzeka ithole inzuzo ephakeme nakakhulu kanye nomthelela wezepolitiki ngeminyaka yawo-2020 nango-2030. Imithetho evimbelayo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemithetho yokukhangisa inethuba lokuphasiswa emashumini eminyaka ezayo kuye ngokushisekela kwabavoti abancane njengoba beba isibalo sabantu abavotayo esivelele ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yo-2020. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, sekuvele kunengcindezi yendawo kodokotela, kanye nezinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezisezingeni likahulumeni ezibaqondisayo, ukulinganisa ukunikezwa kwabo ngokweqile kwama-opioid.

Imithelela yenkinga ye-opioid

Imithelela ebanzi yenkinga ye-opioid ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwenyuka kwezinhlelo zocwaningo kweminye imithi yezinhlungu, njengensangu kanye nemikhiqizo ye-psilocybin, engenazo izimfanelo zokulutha. 
• Ukwenyuka kwezimali zombuso nomasipala zezikhungo zokulutheka ukuze kusizwe izisulu zokuluthwa i-opioid. 
• Ukwenqatshelwa ekugcineni kokumaketha okuqondile yizinkampani zemithi kubathengi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwenzuzo ezinkampanini ezithaka imithi kanye nezinkampani zezindaba zamakhebula ezivamile.
• Ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, njengoba izinsiza ziqondiswe kabusha ekulawuleni ukulutheka kanye nezinkinga zakho zempilo ezihambisana nakho, ukucindezela umnotho nokuholela ezintela eziphakeme noma amaphrimiyamu omshwalense ezakhamuzi.
• Abaqashi kufanele batshale imali eningi ezinhlelweni zezempilo zabasebenzi nasezinhlelweni zasendaweni yokusebenza ezingenazo izidakamizwa, ezithinta ukukhiqiza kanye nokuncintisana okuphelele kwamabhizinisi.
• Abenzi bomthetho bagxile kakhulu ezindabeni zezempilo yomphakathi, okuholela emithethweni eqinile ezinkampanini ezithaka imithi futhi ngokunokwenzeka kuthinte ijubane lokugunyazwa kwemithi emisha.
• Ukulahlwa kwama-opioid angasetshenzisiwe noma aphelelwe yisikhathi adinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, okuholela emigomeni nezindlela zokulawula udoti eziqinile.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yimiphi imithethonqubo engase isebenze kakhulu ekunqandeni ubhubhane lwe-opioid?
• Yiziphi izixazululo ezingaba khona umkhakha ozimele ongakwazi ukufaka isandla ekunciphiseni ubhubhane lwe-opioid?