Umuthi wokugomela i-Alzheimer's: Indlela engenzeka yokuvimbela ukuvalelisana okude

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• July 8, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ucwaningo oluthembisayo ngokwelashwa kwe-Alzheimer, olugxile emithini yokugomela i-endobody, lungenza isifo sigwemeke. Yize zikhona izinselelo, ukuxhaswa ngezimali okwenyuka kungaholela emithini yokugoma eminingi ngeminyaka yawo-2030, kuhlomule ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase futhi kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwabasebenzi ekunakekelweni kwabantu abadala, kunwebe iminyaka yokuphila kwabadala, futhi kudinga ukulungiswa kwenqubomgomo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Umongo womgomo we-Alzheimer

Isifo i-Alzheimer's sithinta cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-6 e-US njalo ngonyaka futhi siyimbangela evame kakhulu yokuwohloka komqondo okuhlobene nobudala. Iziguli ezine-Alzheimer's zibhekana nezinhlelo zokwelashwa ezingasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela, kanye nokuxilongwa okubambezelekile. Ngokwakhiwa komgomo omusha we-Alzheimer, lesi sifo singagwemeka ngokuphelele. 

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithi yokugoma: i-exogenous kanye ne-endobody. Imithi yokugoma eminingi ingeyangaphandle futhi ilungiselela amasosha omzimba ukuvikela izifo ezibangelwa izici zangaphandle njenge-coronavirus. Imithi yokugoma ye-endobody ayivamile, iqondise kuzinqubo zangaphakathi ezinephutha zomzimba. Isibonelo, imithi yokugoma ye-endobody emine kuphela etholakalayo okwamanje. Okubili okuhlosiwe kwezempilo kwezilwane, kanti ezimbili ezokuvikela okungenzeka kube nomdlavuza othize. 

I-United Neuroscience ihlola umgomo ofanayo we-endobody ukuvimbela ukuqala kwesifo i-Alzheimer's, esesivele singene esigabeni sokuhlolwa komuntu sokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Inyuvesi yaseNingizimu Florida iphinde ishicilele ucwaningo ngokusebenzisa amaseli omzimba ukuze iqondise amaprotheni abangela i-Alzheimer's. Indlela yabo isebenzisa amangqamuzana e-dendritic agcwele amaprotheni abangela izifo. Amaseli e-dendritic axhumana namanye amaseli omzimba ukuze akhiqize impendulo yokuzivikela ngokumelene nama-molecule. 

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili zamaphrotheni zibanga i-Alzheimer's: ama-plaque kanye nama-tangles. Ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma ongasusa la ma-molecule amabili uzovikela ngempumelelo i-Alzheimer's ngokuphelele. Ithimba lezokwelapha e-Institute for Molecular Medicine kanye naseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, e-Irvine, lihlole ngempumelelo umgomo walo kumagundane futhi lithemba ukuthi lizoqhubeka nokuhlolwa kwabantu maduze. Kodwa-ke, umuthi wabo wokugoma udinga ukunikezwa ngemithamo ephezulu njalo ngenyanga ukuze ubonise imiphumela ebalulekile yokuvimbela kubantu abanempilo, okuwenza ungasebenzi kahle kwabangase bagule. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngo-2023, ukungabikho kwemithi yokugomela i-Alzheimer egunyaziwe kugcizelela izinselele zokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuvimbela lesi sifo esibhubhisayo. Imvelo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi edla isikhathi yokuhlolwa komtholampilo isho ukuthi intuthuko yakamuva, efana ne-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yokugunyaza okusheshayo kwe-lecanemab (Leqembi) yokwelashwa kwe-Alzheimer kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, mancane amathuba okuba kubangele izixazululo ezisheshayo. Lesi simo siphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nomugqa wesikhathi wokutholakala kwemigomo esebenzayo ye-Alzheimer's.

Noma kunjalo, isimo socwaningo lwe-Alzheimer singafakaza izinguquko ezinkulu eminyakeni ezayo. Ukwenyuka kwengcindezi yomphakathi evela emaqenjini akhulumelayo kanye nezinkampani zokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuqhutshwa izinzuzo ezingaba khona zezentengiselwano zokuba ngowokuqala ukuthuthukisa umuthi wokugomela i-Alzheimer, kungaholela ekuqondisweni kabusha kwezimali ocwaningweni lokugomela i-Alzheimer's. Lokhu kuthutheleka kwezimali kunamandla okukhuthaza ukuqamba okusha nokuncintisana, okungenzeka kubangele ukuthi imigomo eminingi ye-Alzheimer ingene emakethe ngeminyaka yo-2030. Ukwengeza, lokhu kukhushulwa kwezimali kungase kube nomthelela omuhle emphakathini wesayensi, kudale amathuba emisebenzi asekelwe ocwaningweni futhi kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlola kanye nezibonelo.

Nokho, ukwamukelwa ngempumelelo kwemithi yokugoma ye-Alzheimer yesikhathi esizayo kungase kuncike kokungaphezu nje kwentuthuko yesayensi. Ukubona komphakathi kanye nokwethemba le mithi yokugoma kuzodlala indima ebalulekile. Izinkampani zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingase zidinge ukusebenzisana nezikhungo zikahulumeni nezinkampani zokumaketha ukuze ziqalise imikhankaso yolwazi olubanzi yomphakathi egqamisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwemithi yokugoma. 

Imithelela yomgomo we-Alzheimer's

Imithelela ebanzi yomuthi wokugoma we-Alzheimer othuthukiswayo futhi usatshalaliswa emphakathini ingafaka:

• Imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ibona ushintsho lwezimfuneko zabasebenzi ngaphakathi komkhakha wasekhaya lasebekhulile, ijwayelana nenani eliphansi leziguli ze-Alzheimer's.
• Ubude bempilo ende kanye nezinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe phakathi kwalezi zibalo zabantu, ezinomthelela ezinhlelweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuhlela umhlalaphansi, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezizukulwane.
• Izakhamuzi eziphezulu emhlabeni wonke ezizuza emazingeni athuthukisiwe okuzimela kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila iyonke, okuthonya imibono yomphakathi ngokuguga, ukuhlela umhlalaphansi, nezinhlaka zemindeni.
• Ukwakhiwa kweminye imithi yokugoma eqondise izimo zezempilo ezehlukene, ukugqugquzela ukuqanjwa kabusha ocwaningweni lokugoma nokwandisa izinketho zokuvikela zezempilo.
• Umthwalo owehlisiwe kumasistimu okunakekelwa kwezempilo, osukela ezenzakalweni eziphansi ze-Alzheimer's kanye nezindleko zokwelashwa ezihlobene.
• Ohulumeni balungisa izinqubomgomo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nezinhlelo zokweseka umphakathi ukuze kuhlaliswe abantu asebekhulile abane-Alzheimer's embalwa, okungenzeka baqondise kabusha izinsiza ukuze kubhekwane nezinye izidingo zezempilo ezicindezelayo.
• Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa komuthi wokugoma namathuluzi okuxilonga, ukusheshisa ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezimali zocwaningo notshalomali.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi abantu bazokhululeka ukuthola umgomo wokuvimbela i-Alzheimer's? 
• Uyakholwa ukuthi ikhambi liyoke litholakale le-Alzheimer's?