Ama-antibiotic e-AI: Indlela ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa ahlonza ngayo izinhlobo ezintsha zemithi elwa namagciwane

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Ama-antibiotic e-AI: Indlela ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa ahlonza ngayo izinhlobo ezintsha zemithi elwa namagciwane

Ama-antibiotic e-AI: Indlela ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa ahlonza ngayo izinhlobo ezintsha zemithi elwa namagciwane

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Isikhathi esifanelekile semboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo njengokusetshenziswa kwe-AI ukuthola ama-antibiotic amasha kungazuzisa izigidi emhlabeni wonke.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • April 19, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Ukuhlolwa kwezinqubo ezintsha zokuthola ama-antibiotics, njengokufaka ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), kuvula iminyango yokulwa namagciwane amelana kakhulu. Lolu cwaningo lunemiphumela efinyelela kude, kusukela ekusindiseni izigidi zabantu ukuya ekubumbeni izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni kanye nokuba nomthelela endleleni yemboni yezokwenza imithi. Okunye okutholakele, okufana nezixazululo zokugoqa amaprotheni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezimunca ikhabhoni, sekumi ngomumo ukwenza umthelela omkhulu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ekwehlisweni kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, nasekukhiqizweni nasekugcinweni kwamandla.

    I-AI Antibiotics umongo

    Abacwaningi abasebenzisa amamodeli e-AI e-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) bahlonze (2020) isibulala-magciwane esingabulala izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane. Ngokudabukisayo, lesi sidakamizwa (i-Halicin) singabulala amagciwane aziwa ngokuthi amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane. Ngokusebenzisa amamodeli e-AI, ama-antibiotics angabonakala ngokubonisa kuphela izakhiwo ze-molecule efiswayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala izinhlolo nokuhlola ezingenakubalwa okungathatha iminyaka ukuletha umphumela nangezindleko ezinkulu. Abacwaningi be-MIT basebenzise imodeli yekhompiyutha ekwazi ukuhlola amakhemikhali amakhemikhali angaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu ngezinsuku. Imodeli yakhelwe ukukhetha ama-antibiotic anamandla abulala amagciwane kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukile kunalezo ezisetshenziswa ezinye izidakamizwa. 

    Inkampani yezobuchwepheshe ezinze e-US i-IBM iphinde yasungula uhlelo lwe-AI olungaklama ama-antibiotic amasha ngezinsuku futhi lusize ukudala izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kwezinye izimo ezifana nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Uhlelo lwenkampani luncike kumodeli ekhiqizayo, nabacwaningi abahlinzeka nge-algorithm ye-AI nge-database enkulu yama-molecule e-peptide aziwayo. I-algorithm ye-AI isebenzisa isizindalwazi ukuze ihlaziye amaphethini bese ibala ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-molecule nezici zawo.

    Uma i-molecule ethile itholakala ukuthi inesakhiwo esithile noma ukwakheka, ijwayele ukwenza umsebenzi othize, ovumela uhlelo ukuthi lufunde imithetho eyisisekelo yokuklama i-molecule. Abacwaningi bangatshela uhlelo lwe-AI ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo ezifuna i-molecule entsha ibe nazo, bese besebenzisa le mingcele, bese beklama ama-molecule amasha ahlangabezana nalezi mingcele, angabuye ahlolwe kumagundane. Uhlelo lwe-AI luklanyelwe ukuskena izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezifika ezigidini eziyi-100 phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa futhi zihlonze ama-antibiotics angenzeka.

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Ukutholakala kwemithi emisha elwa namagciwane ngenqubo ososayensi abayihlolayo kumelela ithemba ekulweni namagciwane amelana nama-antibiotic. Le nqubo ayivumeli kuphela ukukhonjwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane engakhomba izinhlobo ezimelana kakhulu kodwa futhi ivula umnyango wokuklama imithi emisha engalwa namagciwane angasathintwa ama-antibiotic aziwayo. Njengoba singena enkathini 'yangemva kwamagciwane', lapho ama-antibiotic akhona elahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile ekwelapheni izitshalo, izilwane, nabantu, lolu cwaningo lubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. 

    Ngokombiko weZizwe Ezihlangene, ukuncipha kokusebenza kahle kwemithi elwa namagciwane kuyinto ekhathaza kakhulu, eholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaba ngu-700,000 10 ngonyaka. Lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke sifinyelele ezigidini eziyi-2050 ngonyaka wezi-XNUMX uma lesi simo siqhubeka. Ikhono lokuthola nokudala ama-antibiotic amasha akuyona nje intuthuko yesayensi; iwumzila wokuphila ongase usindise izigidi zezimpilo esikhathini esizayo. Kohulumeni, lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusekela ucwaningo nentuthuko kule ndawo, kanye nokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokulawula ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic akhona. 

    Ukwakhiwa kwama-antibiotic amasha kungase kuholele ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo kwezifo ezivamile, kunciphise ingozi yezinkinga nokufa. Izinkampani ezisembonini yezemithi zingadinga ukutshala imali kulolu cwaningo, ziqaphela amandla alo okulolonga ikusasa lomuthi. Izikhungo zemfundo nazo zingadinga ukugxila ekuqeqesheni isizukulwane esilandelayo sososayensi kulo mkhakha, ziqinisekise ukuthi umfutho uyaqhubeka. 

    Imiphumela ye-AI antibiotics

    Imithelela ebanzi yama-antibiotic e-AI ingase ihlanganise:  

    • Izicelo zemithi ezithuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kanye nemithi yokwelapha izifo ezingelapheki ngaphambilini, okuholela ekwandiseni isikhathi sokuphila kanye nezinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe ezigulini ezihlushwa yizimo ezingamahlalakhona nezinzima.
    • Izixazululo ezingaba khona zitholwa enkingeni ethathe amashumi eminyaka yokugoqa amaprotheni, okuvumela ukuqonda okujulile kwezinqubo zebhayoloji kanye nokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha izifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer kanye ne-Parkinson.
    • Ukutholakala kwezinto ezimunca ikhabhoni ukuze kubhekwane nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, okunomthelela ekuncishisweni kwesisi esingcolisa umoya kanye nokusekela imizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
    • Ukutholwa kwezinto ezingasetshenziswa ukuqhubekisela phambili ukukhiqizwa nokugcinwa kwamandla, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika ezinsizeni ezingavuseleleki.
    • Ohulumeni basebenzisa imithetho eqinile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kwezolimo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuholela endleleni elawulwa kakhulu nenesibopho sokulondoloza ukusebenza kahle kwama-antibiotic akhona.
    • Ukwenyuka kwezimali ocwaningweni oluhlobene nokuphikiswa kwama-antibiotic, ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kososayensi, ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nabakhi bezinqubomgomo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bezokwelapha.
    • Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhankaso yemfundo ehlosiwe yokuqwashisa mayelana nokumelana nama-antibiotic, okuholela ekuziphatheni komphakathi okunolwazi nokwesekwa kokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele.
    • Ushintsho ekugxileni kwemboni yezemithi ekwelashweni komuntu siqu, okuthuthukisa ukuqonda kokwakheka kofuzo ngakunye, okuholela ekwelashweni okuklanyelwe futhi okusebenzayo.
    • Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni, okuholela ezakhiweni ezonga amandla kakhudlwana nezinhlelo zokuthutha, okunomthelela esimweni esimeme kakhudlwana sasemadolobheni.
    • Ukuvela kwezindima ezintsha zemisebenzi nobungcweti emikhakheni yesayensi nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, okuholela esidingweni sochwepheshe abanamakhono emikhakheni ehlobene nocwaningo lwama-antibiotic, ukugoqa amaprotheni, kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ucabanga ukuthi yini enganciphisa amandla ezinhlelo ze-AI zemithi ukukhiqiza ama-antibiotic amasha, uma ekhona? 
    • Ingabe ukholelwa ukuthi noma imaphi ama-antibiotic amasha atholwe njengengxenye yemizamo yocwaningo eqhutshwa yi-AI kufanele enziwe atholakale kalula emazweni angeke abe nezinsiza zokukhiqiza nokwenza ucwaningo olufanayo? 

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

    Izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ezidumile nezikhungo zibhekiselwe kulo mbono:

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology I-Artificial intelligence ikhiqiza ama-antibiotic amasha