Ama-Organoids: Ukudala izitho ezisebenzayo ngaphandle komzimba womuntu

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Ama-Organoids: Ukudala izitho ezisebenzayo ngaphandle komzimba womuntu

Ama-Organoids: Ukudala izitho ezisebenzayo ngaphandle komzimba womuntu

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Intuthuko ezifundweni ze-organoid yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukucishe kudalwe kabusha izitho zangempela zabantu.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • November 12, 2021

    Ama-Organoid, izinguqulo ezincane zezitho zomuntu ezenziwe ngama-stem cells, aguqula umkhakha wezokwelapha ngokunikeza indlela engahlaseli yokutadisha izifo nokuhlola ukwelashwa. Lezi zifanekiselo zezitho ezincane, nakuba zingenzima njengezinto zangempela, zisiza abacwaningi ukuba bathole ukuqonda okujulile ngomzimba womuntu nokuthuthuka kwezifo, okungase kuholele ekwelashweni okuphumelelayo nokomuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-organoid buthuthuka, buphakamisa izinselelo ezintsha, okuhlanganisa nesidingo semithethonqubo yokuvikela ubumfihlo bezakhi zofuzo kanye namandla okuba kubi ukungalingani kwezempilo.

    Okuqukethwe kwe-Organoids

    Ama-Organoid, empeleni, ayizinguqulo ezincane zezitho zomuntu. Amaqoqo ezicubu ezinohlangothi-ntathu, aklanywe ngobunyoninco ukusuka kuma-stem cells, ayizinto ezingavuthiwe zomzimba, ezikwazi ukukhiqiza noma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli. Lawa ma-organoid, nakuba angakathuthukiswa ngokugcwele, anamandla okuguqukela ekubeni yizakhiwo ezilingisa izitho ezithile zomuntu eduze. 

    Lokhu kwenziwa nokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo yofuzo engaphakathi kwamaseli. Yize ama-organoid engenabo ubunkimbinkimbi obugcwele bezitho zangempela zomuntu, anikeza enye indlela esebenzayo yokufunda izitho ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinqubo ezihlaselayo noma ukuhlolwa kwabantu abaphilayo. Abacwaningi banethemba elikhulu mayelana namandla ama-organoid njengethuluzi lokuthola ukuqonda okujulile emzimbeni womuntu kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo. 

    Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwango-2022 olushicilelwe kujenali Nature wabonisa ukuthi ama-organoid obuchopho angasetshenziswa kanjani ukutadisha izifo zemizwa njenge-Alzheimer's. Abacwaningi bakwazile ukwenza isibonelo sokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo kuma-organoids, banikeze imininingwane ebalulekile ezigabeni zaso zokuqala. Lolu hlobo locwaningo lugcizelela amandla e-organoid njengethuluzi elinamandla ocwaningweni lwezifo kanye nokutholwa kwezidakamizwa.

    Ucwaningo lwe-2023 ku- I-Hepatol Commun iphephabhuku libonise ukuthi ama-organoid esibindi angasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa zezifo zesibindi, okunciphisa ukuthembela ekuhlolweni kwezilwane. Lokhu akuvezi nje kuphela indlela elungile yokuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa, kodwa futhi enembe kakhulu, njengoba ama-organoid ekwazi ukuphindaphinda kangcono impendulo yomuntu emithini.

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Ukusetshenziswa kwama-organoid ekutadisheni izifo ezingandile kanye nokwenza izifundo zokwelapha kuwumkhuba ongase ube nomthelela omkhulu wesikhathi eside emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Isibonelo, ikhono "lokukhulisa" i-organoid yobuchopho elingisa umsebenzi we-neural, njengoba kuboniswe abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia Los Angeles ngo-2021, kuyintuthuko enkulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, kulindeleke ukuthi ama-organoid azokwazi ukulingisa ezinye izitho eziyinkimbinkimbi njengenhliziyo. Ucwaningo lwango-2022 olushicilelwe ku Imingcele wasebenzisa ama-organoid enhliziyo ukuze aphenye ukuqhubeka kwezifo zenhliziyo, anikeze ukuqonda okusha ezindleleni zawo eziyisisekelo.

    Emithini yomuntu siqu, ama-organoid angadalwa ngamangqamuzana angempela omuntu ophethwe isifo esingajwayelekile, okuvumela odokotela ukuthi bafunde umfanekiso oseduze wesitho esithintekile sesiguli. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuphinde kugcizelele omunye wemikhawulo yama-organoid: ukuntuleka kwendawo efanayo, engaguquki yokudalwa kwawo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kungenza kube inselele kubacwaningi ukuqhathanisa imiphumela kuzo zonke izifundo ezihlukene. 

    Ohulumeni kungase kudingeke bacabangele imithelela yesimilo yokusebenzisa ama-organoid, ikakhulukazi lawo alingisa ngokuseduze umsebenzi wobuchopho bomuntu. Ukwengeza, imithethonqubo kuzodingeka ithuthukiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuziphatha kwalobu buchwepheshe. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinkampani zingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-organoid ukuthuthukisa imithi emisha nezindlela zokwelapha, ezingase zivule izimakethe ezintsha kanye nemithombo yemali engenayo. Kodwa-ke, bangadinga futhi ukuzulazula ezinseleleni zokudala ama-organoid ngokungaguquki ukuze baqinisekise ukuphindaphindeka nokuthembeka kocwaningo lwabo. 

    Imiphumela ye-organoids

    Imiphumela ebanzi ye-organoid ingafaka:

    • Ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwezitho lapho abacwaningi benza khona iqoqo lama-organoid ukuze benze ukuhlolwa okuhlukile kokwelashwa. 
    • Izifundo zokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezinoveli ngokulungisa amaseli ahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-organoid ukuze asebenzisane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali.
    • Ubunjiniyela bamaseli lapho ososayensi bengayenga ama-organoid ukuthi athuthuke abe ezinye izakhiwo.
    • Ukwehliswa okukhulu kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo njengoba ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo nokuqondene nomuntu siqu kwezifo kungehlisa ubude nezindleko zokuhlala esibhedlela.
    • Indlela enezimiso ezinhle kakhulu ocwaningweni lwesayensi kanye nezinguquko ezingaba khona emthethweni wamalungelo ezilwane.
    • Ukukhathazeka kobumfihlo njengemininingwane yofuzo yomuntu ngamunye kuzodingeka ukuthi igcinwe futhi isetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwalawa ma-organoid, okudinga imithetho emisha ukuze kuvikelwe ubumfihlo bezakhi zofuzo.
    • Ukuwohloka kokungalingani okukhona ekunakekelweni kwezempilo njengoba ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okwenziwe kusetshenziswa lobu buchwepheshe kungakhawulelwa kulabo abakwazi ukukukhokhela.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ama-organoid angagcina ethuthukisiwe ngokwanele ukuthi athathe indawo yezitho zomzimba? Kungani noma kungani kungenjalo?
    • Ingabe ungathanda ukuthola ukufakelwa kwe-organoid?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

    Izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ezidumile nezikhungo zibhekiselwe kulo mbono:

    Ama-Organoids Yini ama-Organoids?