Izigaba: Ukushintshwa kwama-antibiotics?

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Izigaba: Ukushintshwa kwama-antibiotics?

Izigaba: Ukushintshwa kwama-antibiotics?

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
I-Phages, elapha izifo ngaphandle kosongo lokumelana nama-antibiotic, ngolunye usuku ingase yelaphe izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane emfuyweni ngaphandle kokusongela impilo yomuntu.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • Kwangathi 6, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Ama-Phages, amagciwane aklanyelwe ukukhomba futhi abulale amagciwane athile, anikeza enye indlela ethembisayo yama-antibiotics, angasebenzi kahle ngenxa yokusebenzisa ngokweqile kanye nomphumela wokumelana namagciwane. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphaji kudlulela ngale kwezifo zabantu emfuyweni nasekukhiqizweni kokudla, okungase kwandise isivuno sezitshalo, ukwehlisa izindleko, nokuhlinzeka amathuluzi amasha okulwa namagciwane kubalimi. Imithelela yesikhathi eside yamaphage ihlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kokudla okulingana emhlabeni wonke kanye nokukhula kwezimboni ezingaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezinselelo ezifana nemiphumela engase ibe khona yezemvelo, izimpikiswano zokuziphatha, kanye nengozi yokutheleleka okusha okungazweli ngama-antibiotic.

    Umongo wezigaba

    Imithi elwa namagciwane inikeze abantu isivikelo esibalulekile ezifweni eziningi phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngokweqile kuye kwaholela ekubeni amanye amagciwane angakwazi ukumelana neningi, futhi kwezinye izimo, wonke ama-antibiotic aziwayo. Ngenhlanhla, ama-phages amelela enye indlela ethembisayo yokuvikela ikusasa eliyingozi eligcwele izifo ezimelana nama-antibiotic. 

    Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2015, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-26.2 emhlabeni wonke, ngokusho kwesizindalwazi sokuhlukaniswa kweWorld Health Organization. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kuye kwabangela amagciwane amaningana okuhlosiwe ukuba akhe ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenze kokubili abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo kwaba sengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi kwaba nengxenye ekwakhiweni kwalezo ezibizwa ngokuthi “ama-superbugs.” 

    Izigaba zinikeza isixazululo esithembisayo kulo mkhuba okhulayo ngoba zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunama-antibiotic; kalula nje, ama-phage angama-virus aklanyelwe ukukhomba ngokukhetha futhi abulale izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane. Izigaba zifuna bese zizijova ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya ahlosiwe, azalane aze abhujiswe amagciwane, bese ehlakazeka. Isithembiso esikhonjiswe ama-phage ukwelapha amagciwane siholele ekutheni i-Texas A&M University ivule iCentre for Phage Technology ngo-2010. 

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    I-PGH kanye nezinye iziqalo ezimbalwa zikholelwa ukuthi ama-phages angasetshenziswa ngale kwezifo zabantu, ikakhulukazi emfuyweni kanye nezimboni zokukhiqiza ukudla. Ukukwazi ukuthenga okuqhathaniswayo kokukhiqizwa kwemithi yokwelapha kanye nokuthola imvume ye-Federal Drug Administration e-US kuzogcina amanani entengo eqhathaniswa nama-antibiotic futhi kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bafinyelele izikhali ezintsha zokulwa namagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ama-phages adinga ukugcinwa ku-4°C, okubeka inselele yokugcina izinto ekusetshenzisweni kwazo kabanzi. 

    Njengoba ama-phage azandisa ngokwawo amagciwane adingekayo ukuze abhubhise amagciwane ahlosiwe, abalimi babengeke besakwazi ukukhathazeka ngezingozi zesifo esibangelwa amagciwane emfuyweni yabo. Ngokunjalo, ama-phage angasiza futhi izitshalo zokudla ukuthi zivikele izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ngaleyo ndlela zisize abalimi ukuthi bakhulise isivuno sabo sezitshalo kanye nenzuzo njengoba izitshalo ezinkulu zingavunwa, futhi ekugcineni zivumele imboni yezolimo ukuthi yehlise izindleko futhi yandise imingcele yokusebenza. 

    Ngasekupheleni kwawo-2020, lezi zinzuzo ezinhle zizobona ukwelashwa kwe-fage kwamukelwa ngezinga lezentengiso, ikakhulukazi emazweni akhiqiza ukuthunyelwa kwezolimo okubalulekile kwamanye amazwe. Isidingo sokugcina ama-phage emazingeni okushisa afanele singase siholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zamayunithi eziqandisi ezihambayo ukuze kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa kwephage ngaphakathi kwezimboni zezolimo nezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Kungenjalo, ngeminyaka yawo-2030s bangabona ososayensi benza izindlela zokugcina ezingadingi isiqandisi, njengokumisa isifutho, okungase kuvumele ama-phages ukuthi agcinwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni isikhathi eside. 

    Imiphumela ye-phages

    Imithelela ebanzi ye-phage ingabandakanya:

    • Insalela yokudla ezuzwa ngokukhula kwesivuno kanye nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kusatshalaliswa emazweni anenkinga yokushoda kokudla, okuholela ekusatshalalisweni kokudla okulinganayo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuqeda indlala ezindaweni ezimpofu.
    • Ukwenyuka kwamazinga okuphila kanye nokwehlisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezigulini ezingabantu kanye nemfuyo ehlushwa izifo ezimelana nama-antibiotic ekugcineni engathola ukwelashwa lapho ingekho ngaphambili, okuholela ekubeni kube nenani labantu elinempilo kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezizinzile.
    • Ukukhula okusheshayo kwemboni encane yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ezinikele ocwaningweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekusabalaliseni amafeji, okuholela emathubeni amasha emisebenzi nokuba negalelo ekukhuleni komnotho emkhakheni we-biotechnology.
    • Ukusekela ngokwesizotha izibalo zokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke njengama-phage kungase kusize ukwehlisa izinga lokufa kwezingane, okuholela ekuthambekeni okuzinzile kwezibalo kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho ezingaba khona ezivela kubasebenzi abakhulayo.
    • Ukuthembela ngokweqile kwama-phage kwezolimo okungaba khona, okuholela emiphumeleni yemvelo engalindelekile kanye nezinselele ekugcineni izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
    • Ukukhathazeka ngezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nezimpikiswano mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezigaba kwezokwelapha nakwezolimo, okuholela ezindleleni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula ezingase zithiye inqubekelaphambili kwezinye izifunda.
    • Amathuba okuthi ama-monopolies noma ama-oligopoli akheke ngaphakathi kwemboni ye-phage, okuholela ekufinyeleleni ngokungalingani kulezi zinsiza ezibalulekile kanye nemithelela engemihle engaba khona kumabhizinisi amancane nakubathengi.
    • Ingozi yezinhlobo ezintsha zezifo ezimelana nama-antibiotic ezivelayo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungafanele kwe-phages, okuholela kwezinye izinselelo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nezinkinga zezempilo zomphakathi ezingaba khona.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ungaba yini umthelela omubi wamaphage ezimbonini zezolimo nezempilo? 
    • Uyakholelwa ukuthi ama-superbugs namagciwane angamelana nama-phage? 

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

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