Amandla kagesi kanye nesomiso: Izithiyo ekushintsheni kwamandla ahlanzekile

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Amandla kagesi kanye nesomiso: Izithiyo ekushintsheni kwamandla ahlanzekile

Amandla kagesi kanye nesomiso: Izithiyo ekushintsheni kwamandla ahlanzekile

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Ucwaningo olusha luphakamisa ukuthi amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi e-United States angase ehle ngamaphesenti angu-14 ngo-2022, uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga ka-2021, njengoba isomiso nezimo ezomile ziqhubeka.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • August 5, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamadamu aphehla ugesi ngamanzi, okuholela ekwehleni kokukhiqizwa kwawo kwamandla. Lokhu kuncipha kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kucindezela ohulumeni nezimboni ukuthi bacabangele eminye imithombo yamandla, njengamandla elanga nomoya, futhi bacabangele kabusha amasu abo okutshala imali. Lezi zinguquko zivusa izingxoxo mayelana nokongiwa kwamandla, izindleko zokuphila, kanye nekusasa lezinqubomgomo zezwe zamandla.

    I-Hydropower nesomiso umongo

    Njengoba imboni yamadamu aphehlwa ngamanzi izama ukuqinisa isikhundla sayo njengesixazululo samandla ahambisana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, indikimba ekhulayo yobufakazi ikhombisa ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kubukela phansi ikhono lamadamu amanzi okukhiqiza amandla. Le nselelo kubhekwana nayo emhlabeni jikelele, kodwa lo mbiko uzogxila kulokho okwenzeka e-US.

    Isomiso esithinta intshonalanga ye-US sinciphise amandla esifunda okudala amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ngenxa yenani elincishisiwe lamanzi ageleza ezikhungweni zamandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, ngokusekelwe emibikweni yabezindaba yango-2022 ye-Associated Press. Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva lwe-Energy Information Administration, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kwehle ngamaphesenti ayi-14 ngo-2021 ukusuka emazingeni ka-2020 ngenxa yesomiso esinzima esifundeni.

    Ngokwesibonelo, lapho amanzi eChibini i-Oroville ehla ngendlela eyingozi, i-California yavala i-Hyatt Power Plant ngo-August 2021. Ngokufanayo, iLake Powell, ichibi elikhulu elisemngceleni we-Utah-Arizona, liye lahlushwa ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi. Ngokwe-Inside Climate News, amanzi aleli chibi ayephansi kakhulu ngo-October 2021 kangangokuthi i-US Bureau of Reclamation yabikezela ukuthi leli chibi lingase lingasenawo amanzi anele okukhiqiza amandla ngo-2023 uma izimo zesomiso ziqhubeka. Uma ngabe iLake Powell's Glen Canyon Dam belizolahleka, izinkampani ezisiza umphakathi bekuzodingeka zithole izindlela ezintsha zokunikeza amandla kubathengi abayizigidi ezi-5.8 abanikezwa iLake Powell namanye amadamu axhumene nawo.

    Kusukela ngo-2020, ukutholakala kukagesi ngamanzi eCalifornia kwehle ngamaphesenti angama-38, ngokuncipha kwamandla kagesi okuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwamandla egesi. Ukugcinwa kwamandla kagesi kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-12 enyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanti ukukhiqizwa kukagesi wamalahle okulindeleke ukuthi kuthathelwe indawo ugesi wamanzi olahlekile esikhathini esifushane. 

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Ukushoda kwamandla kagesi kungase kwenze iziphathimandla zikagesi zesifunda nezezifunda zithembele okwesikhashana kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okungase kubambezele inqubekelaphambili ezinhlosweni zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukushintsha okunjalo kubeka engcupheni ukukhuphuka kwentengo yempahla, okunomthelela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zokuphila emhlabeni wonke. Ukuphuthuma kokuvala izikhala zokuphakelwa kukagesi kungase kubeke phambili ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi ngaphezu kwezixazululo zesikhathi eside ezisimeme, okugqamisa ukuhlangana okubalulekile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zenqubomgomo yamandla.

    Imithelela yezezimali yokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda ephehlwa ngamanzi iya ngokuya iba nkulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuba nomthelela ekuthembekeni kwayo. Ohulumeni bangase babheke imali eningi edingekayo kumaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi njengotshalomali olungavuni kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezixazululo zamandla ezisheshayo ezifana nezibaso ezimbiwa phansi, amandla enuzi, noma ukunwetshwa kwengqalasizinda yamandla elanga nomoya. Lokhu kwabiwa kabusha kwezinsiza kungaholela ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi kweminye imikhakha yezamandla, ikakhulukazi okuhlomulisa imiphakathi eseduze nemiklamo emikhulu yokwakha. Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho lungase futhi lubonise ukusuka kumandla ophehlwa ngamanzi, kube nomthelela kulabo abaqashwe kulo mkhakha futhi kuguqule isimo somnotho wesifunda.

    Ukubhekana nalezi zinselelo, ohulumeni bangase bahlole izixazululo ezintsha njengobuchwepheshe bokufaka imbewu ngamafu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezindawo ezikhona zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ngokudala ukuna kwemvula ngokuzenzekelayo, ukutshala amafu kungadambisa izimo zesomiso ezikhinyabeza ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yethula ukucatshangelwa okusha kwemvelo kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha, njengoba ukuphatha izimo zesimo sezulu kungaba nomthelela ongalindelekile kumvelo. 

    Imithelela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ebeka engcupheni ukusebenza kwamadamu aphehla ugesi ngamanzi

    Imithelela esabalele yokungabi namandla kwamandla kagesi ngenxa yesomiso esiqhubekayo ingase ihlanganise:

    • Ohulumeni ababekela imingcele izimali zezitshalo ezintsha eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, okuholela ekushintsheni kumasu kazwelonke wamandla abheke kweminye imithombo evuselelekayo.
    • Amaphrojekthi kagesi welanga nomoya athola ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ngezezimali ezinkampanini zikahulumeni nezizimele, aqhuba intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko kule mikhakha.
    • Imiphakathi eseduze namadamu amanzi ebhekene nesilinganiso samandla kagesi, okugqugquzela ukuqwashisa ngezinyathelo zokonga ugesi kanye nezindlela ezisebenza kahle kubahlali.
    • Ukubonakala kwamachibi angenalutho namadamu amanzi angasebenzi kudala isidingo somphakathi sezinqubomgomo nezenzo zemvelo ezinolaka.
    • Ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kukagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi okukhuthaza izinkampani zamandla ukuthi zisungule ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokuphathwa kwegridi, kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza naphezu kokushintshashintsha kwemithombo evuselelekayo.
    • Ukwenyuka okungenzeka kwezindleko zamandla ngenxa yoshintsho olusuka kumandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi amisiwe luye kwezinye izinto ezivuselelekayo, okunomthelela kwisabelomali sasekhaya kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kwebhizinisi.
    • Ukwanda kwezinkulumo mpikiswano zomphakathi nezombusazwe mayelana nokubalulekile kwamandla kanye nokuzibophezela kwesimo sezulu, okunomthelela okhethweni oluzayo kanye nokubumba ama-ajenda emvelo kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Ingabe isintu singazithuthukisa izindlela zokubhekana nesomiso noma ukukhiqiza imvula? 
    • Ingabe ukholelwa ukuthi amadamu aphehlwa ngamanzi angase abe uhlobo olungasebenzi lokukhiqiza amandla esikhathini esizayo?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

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