Amarobhothi Nokuzijabulisa: Ukukhanda izinhlobo zakudala zokuzijabulisa

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• December 10, 2021

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukuvela kwe-automata ehlelekayo kusukela ekhulwini le-12 ukuya kumarobhothi anamuhla okuzijabulisa abonisa inqubekelaphambili emangalisayo kumarobhothi. Lawa marobhothi, aklanyelwe ukujabulisa abantu, aya ngokuya esetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezokuzijabulisa, kusukela emapaki etimu kuya emidlalweni ebukhoma, ngisho njengabangane bomuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kwabo kuletha izinselele kanye nemithelela, okuhlanganisa isidingo sezinkombandlela zokulawula, ukususwa kwemisebenzi okungenzeka kube khona, kanye nokukhathazeka kwemvelo okuhlobene nokulahlwa kwe-electronic.

Amarobhothi nomongo wokuzijabulisa

Ukusungulwa kokuqala okubikiwe kwe-automata ehlelekayo kwaqala ngekhulu le-12 lapho umsunguli wamaSulumane, u-Al-Jazari, esungula ibhendi yomculo ephilayo ekwazi ukudlala izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Eminyakeni engu-800 eyalandela, kwavela izinguqulo ezengeziwe zamarobhothi enziwe ngabantu noma njengezilwane njengoba izinqubo zokukhiqiza zazithuthuka. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa i-robotic knight ka-Da Vinci, irobhothi lokucwaninga laseNyuvesi yase-Edinburgh, kanye nengalo yengwane kaMinsky. 

Ngokusho kwe-International Federation of Robotics (IFR), ukuthengiswa kwamarobhothi ezokuzijabulisa kwenyuke ngamaphesenti ayi-13 kuye kwafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-4.6 ngo-2019, futhi lelo nani libikezelwa ukuthi lizokhuphuka ngamaphesenti ayi-10 ngonyaka liye kumayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-6.7 ngo-2023. Amarobhothi okuzijabulisa aklanyelwe ngokusobala ukunikeza injabulo abantu, kanye nemboni yezokuzijabulisa isebenzisa la marobhothi ukwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, i-Imagineering ka-Walt Disney izama amarobhothi azimele ukuze ijabulise izivakashi emapaki etimu. Le nkampani iphinde yaklama irobhothi eliyi-acrobatic elibizwa ngokuthi "StickMan" ngo-2018. Khonamanjalo, ngo-2020, onjiniyela abavela esigabeni sabo socwaningo bakha elinye irobhothi elikwazi ukucwayiza komuntu, futhi bangasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze bakhe izinhlamvu ezifana nempilo, ze-animatronic ze-Disney World. . 

Ukwengeza, o-DJ bomculo we-elekthronikhi basebenzisa amarobhothi ukuze badlale bukhoma, okuhlanganisa ukusethwa kwesiteji sephiramidi sika-Daft Punks kanye nekhiyubhu ye-deadmau5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abenzi bamafilimu basebenzisa amarobhothi aphethe ikhamera ukudubula ukulandelana kwezenzo okunembile, okuphindaphindiwe. Kungenjalo, kunamarobhothi amaningi omuntu siqu, asekelwe kubungane kubo bobabili abadala kanye nezingane. Isibonelo, izilwane ezifuywayo ezingamarobhothi zingenza amaqhinga (i-Sony Aibo) futhi amarobhothi amaningi afana nabantu angakwazi nokwenza amahlaya asezingeni eliphezulu. (Irobhothi likaPepper likaSoftBank).

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Abanandisa amarobhothi abaqondene nawe banganikeza ukuzizwisa okuhambisanayo okusekelwe kokuthandwa ngabanye, kudala uhlobo lokuzijabulisa olugxile kakhulu noluhehayo. Lokhu kucwiliswa kungasukela kusomahlaya werobhothi owazi amahlaya akho kuye kumculi werobhothi ongadlala izingoma zakho eziyintandokazi uma uzifuna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi kungaphinda kunikeze amandla izinhlobo ezintsha zokuzijabulisa ebezingenzeki ngaphambili, njengokudlala kwe-holographic ekhaya.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, embonini yamafilimu, amarobhothi angakhula athathe indawo yokuphindaphindeka kwe-stunt yabantu ukuze enze izenzo ezinobungozi obukhulu nokulandelana kwesenzo esinamandla ngosizo lwe-CGI kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuthwebula izithombe. Amazwe afana ne-Japan, i-South Korea, ne-Singapore cishe azohola umjaho wamarobhothi okuzijabulisa emhlabeni wonke. I-Japan yayibhekele amaphesenti angama-52 okunikezwa komhlaba kwamarobhothi ezimboni ngo-2018, futhi cishe azothuthukisa le makethe esanda kuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphezulu zokuqala zokutshala izimali kanye nokuntuleka kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kungase kuvimbele ukukhula kwemakethe yale mboni emazweni asathuthuka. 

Ohulumeni bangase badinge ukusungula imihlahlandlela yokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuziphatha kwamarobhothi kwezokuzijabulisa, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlobene nobumfihlo kanye nokuphepha kwedatha. Bangase futhi babambe iqhaza ekusekeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwale mboni, isibonelo, ngokutshala imali ezinhlelweni zemfundo nokuqeqesha ukuze kuhlonyiswe abasebenzi ngamakhono adingekayo. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka futhi bacabangele umthelela ongaba khona ekuqashweni emikhakheni yezokuzijabulisa yendabuko futhi bakhe amasu okulawula lolu shintsho.

Imithelela yamarobhothi okuzijabulisa

Imithelela ebanzi yamarobhothi okuzijabulisa ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukuphila okukhangayo kwesixuku, kuzenze zigxile kakhulu ngokuhlanganisa amarobhothi namasistimu e-augmented reality (AR). 
• Ukushintsha umsebenzi wabantu ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa zomphakathi ukuze kukhawulwe ukuthintana kwabantu ngesikhathi sodlame.
• Ukusebenzela njengabangane abasebenzisanayo nokuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi e-anthropomorphic akwazi ukuhlaziya imizwa yabantu futhi akhiqize izimpendulo ezifanayo.
• Abantu sebejwayele ukusebenzisana namarobhothi emisebenzini yokuzilibazisa, bekhuthaza isiko elididiyelwe kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.
• Umthetho omusha wokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwawo kanye nokuqinisekisa izindinganiso zokuziphatha, okuholela kuhlaka lwezomthetho olubanzi kakhulu lobuchwepheshe obusafufusa.
• Ukuqamba okusha ku-AI namarobhothi okuholela ekuguqukeni okubanzi kwezobuchwepheshe okunemiphumela efinyelela kude.
• Ukwenyuka kwemfucuza ye-elekthronikhi edinga ukwenziwa okuzinzile kanye nezinqubo zokugaywa kabusha ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela engaba khona emvelweni.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ungathanda ukuba nerobhothi lokuzijabulisa njengomngane wakho? Kungani? 
• Yiziphi izingozi ezihambisana nokuqaliswa kwamarobhothi embonini yezokuzijabulisa?