Ubumfihlo bedijithali: Yini engenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubumfihlo babantu ku-inthanethi?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Mashi 15, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Esikhathini sedijithali, ubumfihlo sebuphenduke into eyinhloko, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zinolwazi olubanzi mayelana nemisebenzi yabasebenzisi, futhi ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke basebenzisa imithetho yokuvikela idatha yezakhamuzi. Umthelela wobumfihlo bedijithali unezici eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlonyiswa kwabantu ngabanye, ukushintshashintsha kwezinqubo zebhizinisi, nokudalwa kwemithetho yobumfihlo engaguquki. Imithelela yesikhathi eside ihlanganisa izinguquko kumasu okumaketha, ukukhula kochwepheshe be-cybersecurity, kanye nokwamukelwa kokubhekelela imvelo. ukuphathwa kwedatha.

Ingqikithi yemfihlo yedijithali

Kungaphikiswana ngokuthi ubumfihlo buyingozi enkathini yedijithali. Kuhlala kunenye isevisi, idivayisi, noma isici esiza izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-Google ne-Apple ukuthi zilandelele imisebenzi yabasebenzisi, njengokuthi baphequlula ini ku-inthanethi nokuthi yiziphi izindawo abazivakashelayo. Ezinye izisetshenziswa zikagesi ziyaxaka kakhulu kunezinye, futhi abantu bangase banikeze abasizi bedijithali ngemininingwane ebucayi kakhulu kunalokho abakubonayo.

Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zazi okuningi ngamakhasimende azo. Uma kubhekwa ukwephulwa kwedatha okwase kumenyezelwe kahle ngeminyaka yawo-2010, umphakathi waqaphela ngokwengeziwe isidingo sokuphepha kwedatha nokulawula ulwazi abalukhiqizayo futhi babelane ngalo ku-inthanethi. Ngokufanayo, ohulumeni baye basebenza kancane kancane mayelana nokushaya imithetho yokulawula okukhulu kanye nobumfihlo bedatha yezakhamuzi zabo. 

I-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ye-European Union (EU) ibeke phambili ukuvikela ubumfihlo kumabhizinisi nabakhi bezinqubomgomo. Umthetho udinga izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukuthi zivikele idatha yomuntu siqu yamakhasimende azo. Noma yikuphi ukungathobeli kungabiza amabhizinisi inhlawulo enkulu. 

Ngokufanayo, i-California iphinde yasebenzisa imithetho ukuze ivikele amalungelo obumfihlo bedatha yezakhamizi zayo. I-California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) iphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi anikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe kubathengi, njengokuthi idatha yabo ebucayi iqoqwa kanjani, igcinwe, futhi isetshenziswe kanjani, ukuze ibanike ukukhanya okwengeziwe nokulawula ulwazi lwabo oluyimfihlo. I-China iphinde yenze uhla lwemithetho yobumfihlo bedatha ngesikhathi sokubhidlizwa kwayo ngo-2021 kweziqhwaga zayo zobuchwepheshe basekhaya.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Njengoba abantu beqaphela kakhudlwana amalungelo abo edijithali, bazofuna ukulawula okwengeziwe kulwazi lwabo siqu. Lo mkhuba ungathuthukisa ukuzimela komuntu siqu, uvumele abantu ukuthi banqume ukuthi ubani okwazi ukufinyelela idatha yabo nokuthi ngayiphi injongo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kunikezwa amandla kungakhuthaza isiko elikhathalela kakhulu ubumfihlo, lapho abantu ngabanye babamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuvikelweni kobunikazi babo bedijithali.

Ezinkampanini, ukugcizelelwa kobumfihlo bedijithali kuzodinga ukushintshwa kwezinqubo zebhizinisi. Ukungafihli ekuqoqweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwedatha kuzodinga ukuthi kube inqubo ejwayelekile, kungabi yisibopho esingokomthetho nje. Izinkampani zizodinga ukutshala imali kuzinqubo zokuphatha idatha ezivikelekile futhi zifundise abasebenzi bazo namakhasimende mayelana namalungelo obumfihlo nezibopho. Ngokwenza kanjalo, amabhizinisi angakha ukwethembana kumakhasimende awo, okubalulekile empumelelweni yesikhathi eside emakethe eya ngokuya iqaphela ubumfihlo.

Ukudalwa nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho yobumfihlo kumele kuhambisane futhi kucace ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka kanye nezinselelo zokuthobela kwamabhizinisi asebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, amafemu ezobuchwepheshe, nabagqugquzeli bobumfihlo kuzobaluleka ekwakheni imithetho evikela amalungelo abantu ngabanye ngaphandle kokuphazamisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Le ndlela yokulinganisa ingaholela ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele lobumfihlo bedijithali, iqinisekise ukuthi amalungelo abantu ayagcinwa kuyilapho esavumela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa komnotho wedijithali.

Imithelela yobumfihlo bedijithali

Imithelela ebanzi yemithetho yobumfihlo yedijithali ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo eziqinile zobumfihlo bedatha yizinkampani, ezikhawulela amabhizinisi athile ekufinyeleleni idatha yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi ngezinjongo zokuthengisa, okungase kuholele ekushintsheni kumasu okumaketha kanye nezinqubo zokubandakanya amakhasimende.
• Ukugxila ekufundiseni umphakathi ngamalungelo edijithali kanye nobumfihlo, okuholela esakhamuzini esinolwazi nesinamandla esibamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuvikelweni kolwazi lwaso lomuntu siqu.
• Ukusungulwa kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana namazinga obumfihlo edijithali, ukukhuthaza ukubambisana komhlaba wonke kanye nokungaguquguquki emithethweni, futhi okungenzeka kube nomthelela wobudlelwane bezepolitiki phakathi kwamazwe.
• Ukwehliswa kwezigameko, usayizi, nomthelela wezigameko zokugetshengwa kwedatha ezingekho emthethweni isikhathi eside, ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, okuholela endaweni ephephile ye-inthanethi yabo bobabili abantu kanye namabhizinisi.
• Ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo emisha yomshwalense ukusiza abantu babhekane nokukhwabanisa okuku-inthanethi nemikhonyovu, okuholela ekukhuleni kwemboni yomshwalense kanye nokuhlinzeka ngenethi yokuphepha kubathengi.
• Ushintsho ezidingweni zemakethe yezabasebenzi, ngesidingo esikhulayo sochwepheshe abasebenza ngokuvikeleka kwe-inthanethi nobumfihlo bedatha, okuholela ezinhlelweni ezintsha zemfundo namathuba emisebenzi.
• Izinguquko ezintweni ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe, ngokugxila ekudaleni amathuluzi nezinkundla ezibeka kuqala ubumfihlo babasebenzisi, okuholela emakethe entsha yemikhiqizo ehambisana namagugu omphakathi.
• Ukugcizelelwa kokugcinwa kwedatha okunesibopho semvelo nokuphathwa, okuholela ekwamukelweni kobuchwepheshe obuwonga amandla nezinqubo ezihambisana nezinjongo ezibanzi zokusimama.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uzoba yini umthelela wemithetho yokuvikela idatha kumabhizinisi amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe?
• Ucabanga ukuthi imithetho yokuvikela idatha izoba nomthelela kanjani endleleni amabhizinisi asebenzisa ngayo idatha ngezinjongo zokuthengisa?