Isipele se-GPS: Amandla okulandelela i-orbit ephansi

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 16, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-landscape ye-Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) isiba indawo yokuhweba, yezobuchwepheshe, kanye ne-geopolitical maneuvering, kanye nezimboni ezinjengezinkampani zezimoto ezizimele ezidinga idatha enembe kakhulu ye-Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) kune-GPS yamanje enganikeza. Ukuqashelwa kwedatha ye-GPS njengesisekelo sokuphepha kwezwe nezomnotho kuye kwaholela ezenzweni eziphezulu nokusebenzisana okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ukuthembela ku-GPS kuphela, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yengqalasizinda ebalulekile. Kuyavela amabhizinisi amasha, okuhloswe ngawo ukunweba ukutholakala kwe-PNT ngamaqoqo ezinkanyezi e-orbit satellite, okungenzeka kuvulwe izindawo ezintsha zezomnotho.

I-GPS Backup umongo

Izinkampani ezitshala izigidigidi zamaRandi ekuthuthukiseni izimoto ezizishayelayo, ama-drones okulethwa, namatekisi asemoyeni asemadolobheni athembele kudatha yendawo enembile nethembekile ukuze zilawule imisebenzi yazo ngokushelela. Nokho, isibonelo, ngenkathi idatha yeleveli ye-GPS ingathola i-smartphone ngaphakathi kwerediyasi engamamitha angu-4.9 (amafidi angu-16), leli banga alinembile ngokwanele embonini yezimoto ezishayelayo. Izinkampani zezimoto ezizimele ziqondise ukunemba kwendawo kufika kumamilimitha angu-10, ngamabanga amakhudlwana abeka izinselele ezinkulu zokuphepha nokusebenza ezindaweni zomhlaba wangempela.

Ukuthembela kwezimboni ezihlukene kudatha ye-GPS kusakazeke kakhulu kangangokuthi ukuphazamisa noma ukuxhaphaza idatha ye-GPS noma amasignali kungabeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwezwe nezomnotho. E-United States (US), abaphathi baka-Trump bakhipha umyalo wokuphatha ngo-2020 owanikeza uMnyango Wezohwebo igunya lokuhlonza izinsongo ezinhlelweni ezikhona ze-PNT zase-US futhi waqondisa ukuthi izinqubo zokuthenga zikahulumeni zicabangele lezi zinsongo. UMnyango Wezokuphepha Kwasekhaya wase-US uphinde uhlanganyele ne-Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency yase-US ukuze igridi kagesi yezwe, izinsiza eziphuthumayo, nezinye izingqalasizinda ezibalulekile zinganciki ngokuphelele ku-GPS.

Umkhankaso wokukhulisa ukutholakala kwe-PNT ngale kwe-GPS wabona i-TrustPoint, isiqalo esigxile ekuthuthukiseni isistimu yesathelayithi yokuzulazula yomhlaba (GNSS) eyasungulwa ngo-2020. Ithole u-USD $2 wezigidi zoxhaso lwembewu ngo-2021. I-Xona Space Systems, eyakhiwe ngo-2019 e-San Mateo. , eCalifornia, iphishekela umsebenzi ofanayo. I-TrustPoint ne-Xona bahlela ukwethula imilaza yesethelayithi emincane ku-orbit ephansi ukuze inikeze izinsiza ze-PNT zomhlaba wonke ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwama-opharetha e-GPS akhona namaqoqo ezinkanyezi e-GNSS. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ikusasa le-GPS kanye nezinye izindlela zayo lixubene newebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yezohwebo, ezobuchwepheshe, kanye ne-geopolitical dynamics. Ukuvela kwe-Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) ehlukahlukene kungenzeka kuqhubekisele phambili izimboni ezincike kudatha ye-Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) ekusunguleni imifelandawonye yezentengiso nabahlinzeki abahlukene. Lesi sinyathelo singabonakala njengendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphindaphinda nokuthembeka kudatha ebalulekile yokuhamba kanye nesikhathi, okuwumgogodla wezimboni eziningi zanamuhla ezihlanganisa izinto zokuthutha, ezokuthutha, kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingakhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwemakethe kanye nokuncintisana phakathi kwemikhakha ye-PNT kanye ne-GNSS, kuyenze ibe nempilo futhi iphendule izidingo zamakhasimende abo ahlukahlukene.

Ngesilinganiso esibanzi, ukuba khona kwezinhlelo eziningi ze-GNSS kungase kugqamise isidingo somlawuli wendawo yonke noma ibhentshimakhi yokuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka kwedatha enikezwa yilawa masistimu. Indikimba enjalo yokumisa izinga emhlabeni wonke ingasebenzela ukuvumelanisa izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe nezokusebenza kuwo wonke amasistimu e-GNSS ahlukene, iqinisekise izinga lokusebenzisana nokwethembana phakathi kwabasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba ukungqubuzana kwedatha ye-PNT kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu, kusukela ekuphazamisekeni okuncane ekulethweni kwesevisi kuya ezingozini ezinkulu zokuphepha emikhakheni efana nendiza noma yokuhamba olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganisa kungase futhi kusize ukuhlanganiswa kwamasistimu ahlukene, kuthuthukise ukuqina komhlaba wonke kwezinsizakalo ze-PNT ngokumelene nokwehluleka kwesistimu okungase kube khona, ukuphazamiseka kwamabomu, noma izinhlekelele zemvelo.

Ohulumeni, ngokwesiko abathembele ku-GPS, bangabona ukubaluleka kokwenza izinhlelo zabo ze-PNT ezisekelwa ingqalasizinda ye-GNSS eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, njengendlela yokufinyelela idatha nolwazi lokuzimela. Lokhu ukuzethemba akunawo amandla okuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezwe kuphela kodwa futhi kuvula izindlela zokwenza imifelandawonye nezinye izizwe ngokusekelwe ezinhlosweni ezabiwe zezenhlalo, zezombusazwe, noma zezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amazwe ezama ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ezizimele ze-PNT, amafemu ezobuchwepheshe kulawa mazwe angase abone ukwanda kwezimali zikahulumeni, okungase kukhuphule kakhulu ukukhula kwemisebenzi emikhakheni yezokuxhumana nobuchwepheshe, kube nomthelela omubi kwezomnotho. Lo mkhuba ekugcineni ungakhuthaza indawo yomhlaba wonke lapho izizwe zingazithembi nje kuphela kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi zihlanganyela ekusebenzisaneni okwakhayo okusekelwe engqalasizinda nezinhloso ze-PNT ezabiwe.

Imithelela yobuchwepheshe obusha be-GPS obuthuthukiswayo

Imithelela ebanzi yedatha ye-PNT enikezwa emithonjeni eyahlukene ingase ihlanganise:

• Ohulumeni bathuthukisa izinhlelo zabo ze-PNT ngezinjongo ezithile zempi.
• Amazwe ahlukahlukene avimbela amasathelayithi e-PNT avela emazweni aphikisanayo noma ama-blocs esifunda ukuthi azungeze imingcele yawo.
• Ukuvula umsebenzi wezomnotho onenani lezigidigidi zamadola njengobuchwepheshe, njengama-drones nezimoto ezizimele, kuzoba okuthembeke kakhulu futhi kuphephe ukusetshenziswa kuhlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
• Amasistimu e-GNSS anemizila ephansi eba indlela eyinhloko yokufinyelela idatha ye-PNT ngezinjongo zokusebenza.
• Ukuvela kwezinkampani ze-cybersecurity ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwedatha ye-PNT njengolayini wesevisi yeklayenti.
• Iziqalo ezintsha ezivelayo ezisizakala ngokukhethekile ngamanethiwekhi amasha e-PNT ukuze zenze imikhiqizo emisha namasevisi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe kufanele kusungulwe indinganiso ye-PNT yomhlaba wonke, noma kufanele izinkampani ezihlukene namazwe avunyelwe ukuba enze awabo amasistimu edatha ye-PNT? Kungani?
• Izindinganiso ezihlukile ze-PNT zingakuthinta kanjani ukwethembeka komthengi emikhiqizweni ethembele kudatha ye-PNT?