Imakethe ye-Bug protein: Isitayela sesiphazamisi esidliwayo siyandiza!

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 24, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni liqhubeka likhula, ukufuna imithombo yokudla okusimeme kuye kwaholela ekwandeni kwesithakazelo ezinambuzaneni ezidliwayo, ezingayingeni imvelo futhi ezinomsoco. Lo mkhuba udlondlobala emhlabeni wonke, njengoba izinambuzane zinikeza umthombo ophelele wamaprotheni nezinye imisoco ebalulekile kuyilapho zidinga izinsiza ezimbalwa zokulima uma kuqhathaniswa nemfuyo yendabuko. Ukunwetshwa kwale makethe kungaholela ekukhuleni komnotho, ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kwezolimo kuyilapho kuphinde kubangele noshintsho emikhubeni yomphakathi kanye nemikhuba yokudla.

Iphrotheni yesiphazamisi umongo

Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni wonke okulindeleke ukuba lidlule izigidigidi eziyisi-9.7 ngo-2050, izindlela ezintsha zokufeza isidingo esikhulayo somthombo wokudla osimeme zidinga ukutholakala. Kuze kube manje, abagqugquzeli bezinambuzane ezidliwayo bakhuthaza i-entomophagy (ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane njengokudla) kubo bobabili abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo njengoba umthelela wayo kwezemvelo uhlala uphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokulima imfuyo, ukulima kwezinambuzane ezithengiswayo kunikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo sokudambisa ingcindezi ekhulayo emvelweni. kanye nokunciphisa ukungondleki emazweni athuthukile nasathuthuka. 

Ngenhlanhla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane kakade sekujwayelekile ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kunezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingaphezu kuka-2,100 ezidliwa cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili emazweni angu-130. Ngenani lemakethe yomhlaba wonke eliqagelwayo lika-USD $1.18 billion ngo-2023, imboni yezinambuzane ezidliwayo iyisibonelo sethrendi entsha eya ngokuya isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukukhula komkhakha kungase kubalelwe ekwandeni kwamakhasimende aphathelene nemvelo kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kokukhiqizwa kokudla. 

Abathengi baseNtshonalanga nabo baya ngokuya bethakasela futhi bamukela eminye imithombo yamaprotheni. Ngokwabanye abacwaningi, ngokushesha izinambuzane zingase zibe amaprotheni alandelayo amakhulu esikhathi esizayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamaprotheni, ukukhiqiza inani elifanayo lamaprotheni ezinambuzaneni kufuna ingxenyana yamandla ukuze kukhule. 

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zenyama, izinambuzane ziwumthombo ophelele wamaprotheni ahlinzeka ngama-amino acid ayisishiyagalolunye abalulekile. Ukwengeza, izinambuzane ziqukethe i-fiber eyengeziwe njengoba sonke isidalwa ngokuvamile sidliwa. Ukwakheka kwamavithamini namaminerali esinambuzane ngasinye kuyehluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwesinambuzane nokudla kwaso. Kodwa-ke, izinambuzane eziningi ziwumthombo omuhle kakhulu wamavithamini namaminerali amaningana okunzima ukuwathola. Umzimba ungakwazi futhi ukumunca le misoco ngenani elingaphezu kukakolweni noma inyama yenkomo. Iphawundi ngephawundi, izinambuzane ngisho nama-arachnid ahlinzeka ngamaprotheni amaningi kunemithombo eminingi yenyama ejwayelekile. Futhi aqukethe i-fiber eyanele, amavithamini, namaminerali okumelana nokusanhlamvu, izithelo, nemifino ngokwenani lokudla okunempilo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Imiphumela yemvelo yokukhiqizwa kwenyama yomhlaba wonke ivuse isithakazelo ezimbungwini njengomthombo wokudla ohlukile, oqhubekayo. Futhi njengoba izinambuzane zisebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa ukuze zikhule, umthelela wazo wemvelo uphansi kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nemfuyo yezilwane evamile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokungafani nezingulube nezinkomo, izinambuzane zingase zikhuliswe ngobuningi ngaphandle kokudinga indawo enkulu, ukudla noma amanzi. Njengoba zinegazi elibandayo, izinambuzane zidinga amandla amancane ukuze zilondoloze izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuguquleni ukudla kube isisindo. 

Abathengi baseYurophu baye babonisa isithakazelo ezintweni ezintsha zokudla ezisebenzisa izinambuzane njengezithako ngendlela engabonakali. Ngokwesibonelo, uma izinambuzane zengezwa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene, njengama- corn tortilla, amakhukhi, neziphuzo ezinikeza amandla, abathengi maningi amathuba okuthi bazamukele. Lokhu kungase kwethule indawo yemakethe ethembisayo engaqondiswa ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokudla obusha. 

Izitolo ezinkulu nezindawo zokudlela zingase zibheke ukwenza imali ngokushintshashintsha kwezwe lokudla njengoba abathengi abaningi besebenzisa ukudla okuguquguqukayo futhi bahlole izinto ezithatha indawo yenyama nokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Izitolo ezinkulu sezivele zifaka ukudla okulula okusekelwe kuzinambuzane kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo ezifana ne-pasta nama-cereal. Indawo yokudlela yaseDenmark, yakwaNoma, ehamba phambili ohlwini “lwezindawo zokudlela ezingu-50 ezihamba phambili emhlabeni” ngo-2014, ihlinzeka nge-tartare yenkomo egcwele izintuthwane kanye nekhekhe lezibungu lezinyosi elifakwe uthuli lwe-grasshopper garum. 

Ulwazi lwabathengi, kanye nentshisekelo, kwamanye amaprotheni luyakhula futhi luvula indlela yokukhula embonini yamaprotheni ahlukile. Abakhiqizi bokudla abanobuhlakani bangakwazi ukuphindaphinda isipiliyoni samakhasimende sokudla inyama ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kuhambisane namasu okumaketha aqinile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuduma nokudonsa le mikhiqizo. Abatshalizimali baya ngokuya bebona amandla emakethe amakhulu amanye amaprotheni, njengoba kubonwe yi-IPO eyimpumelelo ye-Beyond Meat ngo-2019. 

Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, izimbungulu zingaba ibhizinisi elikhulu embonini yokudla, mhlawumbe zilandele indlela yenyama esekelwe ezitshalweni.

Imithelela yemakethe yamaprotheni ezinambuzane

Imithelela ebanzi yemakethe yamaprotheni ezinambuzane ingafaka:

• Izinzuzo zezomnotho kusukela kwandiswa imboni yokulima izinambuzane kulindeleke ukuthi kudaleke amathuba emisebenzi yezolimo.
• Iqhinga elisha lokubhekana nokushintsha kwesidingo sokudla emhlabeni wonke, ukunciphisa ukungondleki, nokuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokudla emazweni athuthukile nasathuthuka.
• Isixazululo esisebenzayo sokudambisa ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo ngokubeka ubunzima obuncane emhlabeni namanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe amaprotheni. 
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinambuzane njengokuphakela kwezilwane noma ukudla kwe-aqua (isibonelo, izimbungulu ezithile zingathatha indawo yesidlo sezinhlanzi, esiya ngokuya siyindlala nesibizayo.)
• Ukucutshungulwa kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo yizinambuzane kube ukudla noma okuphakelayo kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
• Ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi emikhakheni emisha, njengokufuywa kwezinambuzane, ukucubungula, nokusabalalisa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya nezingathuthukile.
• Imithethonqubo emisha namazinga okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nekhwalithi, okuholela ekuvikelweni okuthuthukisiwe kwabathengi kanye nokuba nomthelela kuzinqubomgomo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezihlobene nokudla nezolimo.
• Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokulima, njengezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zokukhulisa izinambuzane kanye nezindlela zokulima ezinembayo, ezingakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza futhi zinciphise umthelela wendawo.
• Ukushintsha ezinkambisweni zomphakathi nesimo sengqondo samasiko maqondana nokudla, okungaba nomthelela emikhubeni yokudla kanye nemiphumela yezempilo, futhi kuholele ohlelweni lokudla oluhluke kakhulu noluqinile.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Uma ucabangela ukuthi i-allergies iya ngokuya ivame, ucabanga ukuthi ukudla izimbungulu kuwumqondo omuhle (njengoba ososayensi namanje abaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi zingayithinta kanjani imizimba yethu)?
• Ungacabanga ukwengeza izimbungulu ekudleni kwakho?