Imidiya yokwenziwa kanye nomthetho: Ukulwa nokuqukethwe okudukisayo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 17, 2023

Ukwanda kobuchwepheshe obufinyelelekayo bokwenziwa noma obujulile buholele ekutheni abathengi babe sengcupheni yokungabi nalwazi kanye nezinhlobo zemidiya ezikhohlisayo—futhi ngaphandle kwezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze bazivikele. Ukuze kubhekwane nemiphumela eyingozi yokukhohliswa kokuqukethwe, izinhlangano ezibalulekile njengezinhlaka zikahulumeni, izitolo zemidiya, nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze imidiya yokwenziwa ibonakale kakhudlwana.

Imidiya yokwenziwa kanye nomongo womthetho

Ngaphandle kwenkulumo-ze kanye ne-disinformation, okuqukethwe kokwenziwa noma okuguqulelwe ngokwedijithali kuholele ekwenyukeni kwe-dysmorphia yomzimba kanye nokuzethemba okuphansi entsheni. I-Body dysmorphia yisimo sempilo yengqondo esenza abantu bakhathazeke kakhulu ngamaphutha abo abawacabangayo ekubukekeni kwabo. Intsha isengozini ikakhulukazi yalesi simo njengoba ihlale ihlaselwa yizindinganiso eziyalelwa umphakathi zobuhle nokwamukeleka.

Abanye ohulumeni babambisana nezinhlangano ukwenza izinhlangano ezisebenzisa amavidiyo nezithombe ezikhonjwe ngedijithali ukuze zidukise abantu. Isibonelo, iCongress yase-US yaphasisa uMthetho we-Deepfake Task Force ngo-2021. Lo mthethosivivinywa usungule ithimba le-National Deepfake and Digital Provenance elihlanganisa imboni ezimele, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanye nezemfundo. Umthetho futhi uthuthukisa izinga lokusebenzisa idijithali elizokhomba ukuthi ucezu lokuqukethwe ku-inthanethi luvelaphi kanye noshintsho olwenziwa kukho.

Lo mthethosivivinywa ugcwalisa i-Content Authenticity Initiative (CAI) eholwa inkampani yezobuchwepheshe i-Adobe. Iphrothokholi ye-CAI ivumela ochwepheshe bokusungula ukuthi bathole ikhredithi ngomsebenzi wabo ngokunamathisela idatha yesibaluli ebonakala kabi, njengegama, indawo, nokuhlela umlando ocezwini lwemidiya. Leli zinga liphinde linikeze abathengi izinga elisha lokungafihli mayelana nabakubona ku-inthanethi.

Ngokusho kwe-Adobe, ubuchwepheshe be-provenance bunika amandla amakhasimende ukuthi asebenze ngokuzikhandla ngaphandle kokulinda amalebula aphakathi. Ukusabalala kwezindaba ezingamanga nenkulumo-ze kungancishiswa ngokwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi be-inthanethi ukuthi bahlole umsuka wocezu lokuqukethwe futhi bakhombe imithombo esemthethweni.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Okuthunyelwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kuyindawo eyodwa lapho imithetho yemidiya yokwenziwa idingeka kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngo-2021, i-Norway yaphasisa umthetho ovimbela abakhangisi nabagqugquzeli benkundla yezokuxhumana ukuthi babelane ngezithombe ezithintwe kabusha ngaphandle kokudalula ukuthi isithombe sihleliwe. Umthetho omusha uthinta amabhrendi, izinkampani, nabagqugquzeli abathumela okuqukethwe okuxhasiwe kuzo zonke izingosi zenkundla yezokuxhumana. Okuthunyelwe okuxhasiwe kubhekisela kokuqukethwe okukhokhelwe umkhangisi, okuhlanganisa nokuphana ngezinto ezithengiswayo. 

Isichibiyelo sidinga ukudalulwa kwanoma yikuphi ukuhlelwa okwenziwe esithombeni, ngisho noma senziwe ngaphambi kokuthi isithombe sithathwe. Isibonelo, izihlungi ze-Snapchat ne-Instagram ezishintsha ukubukeka komuntu kuzodingeka zilebulwe. Ngokwengosi yezindaba i-Vice, ezinye izibonelo zalokho okungadingeka kubhalwe ukuthi “izindebe ezikhulisiwe, ukhalo olunciphile, nemisipha eyihaba.” Ngokwenqabela abakhangisi kanye nabagqugquzeli ukuthi bathumele izithombe ezenziwe ngodokotela ngaphandle kokuvela obala, uhulumeni uthemba ukuthi uzokwehlisa isibalo sabantu abasha abanqotshwa ukucindezela komzimba okungekuhle.

Amanye amazwe aseYurophu ahlongoze noma ashaya imithetho efanayo. Isibonelo, i-UK yethula uMthethosivivinywa Wezithombe Zomzimba Oguqulwe Ngedijithali ngo-2021, ongadinga okuthunyelwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana okubonisa noma yisiphi isihlungi noma ukuguqulwa ukuthi kudalulwe. I-Advertising Standards Authority yase-UK iphinde yavimba abagqugquzeli benkundla yezokuxhumana ukuthi basebenzise izihlungi zobuhle ezingenangqondo ezikhangisweni. Ngo-2017, iFrance yaphasisa umthetho odinga zonke izithombe zezentengiselwano ezishintshwe ngokwedijithali ukuze imodeli ibukeke izacile ukuze ifake ilebula yesixwayiso efana naleyo etholakala kumaphakheji kagwayi. 

Imithelela yemidiya yokwenziwa kanye nomthetho

Imithelela ebanzi yokwenziwa kwemidiya yokwenziwa ngokomthetho ingabandakanya: 

• Izinhlangano eziningi nohulumeni abasebenza ndawonye ukuze bakhe amazinga okusebenza ukusiza abathengi balandelele ukudalwa nokusabalala kolwazi oluku-inthanethi.
• Ama-ejensi alwa nokubulala ama-disinformation enza izinhlelo eziphelele zokufundisa umphakathi mayelana nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulwa ne-deepfake kanye nokuthola ukusetshenziswa kwabo.
• Imithetho eqinile edinga abakhangisi namafemu ukuthi bagweme ukusebenzisa (noma okungenani badalule ukusebenzisa kwabo) izithombe eziyihaba neziguquliwe ukuze zimakethwe.
• Izinkundla zokuxhumana zicindezelwa ukuthi zilawule ukuthi abagqugquzeli bazisebenzisa kanjani izihlungi zabo. Kwezinye izimo, izihlungi zohlelo lokusebenza zingaphoqeleka ukuthi ziphrinte ngokuzenzakalelayo i-watermark ezithombeni ezihleliwe ngaphambi kokuthi izithombe zishicilelwe ku-inthanethi.
• Ukwandisa ukufinyeleleka kobuchwepheshe be-deepfake, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa ezithuthuke kakhulu ezingenza kube nzima kubantu nezivumelwano ukuthola okuqukethwe okuguquliwe.

Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

• Yimiphi eminye yemithetho yezwe lakini mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemidiya yokwenziwa, uma ikhona?
• Ucabanga ukuthi kufanele kulawulwe kanjani okuqukethwe kwe-deepfake?