Ama-virus omiyane anoveli: Izifo eziwubhadane ziba emoyeni ngokudluliselwa kwezinambuzane

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 16, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Omiyane abathwala izifo ezibulalayo bandisa indawo yabo ngenxa yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lolu shintsho lwandisa ubungozi bezifo eziwubhadane ezintsha futhi lufaka ingcindezi ezinhlelweni zezempilo emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe angase atshale imali eningi ocwaningweni nasezinyathelweni zokukhucululwa kwendle ukuze kunqandwe lezi zifo eziwumshayabhuqe ngaphambi kokuba zibhebhetheke.

I-Novel mosquito virus umongo

I-Aedes vittatus futhi Aedes aegypti ziyizinhlobo zomiyane ezingathwala cishe zonke izifo ezibulalayo ezithwalwa omiyane. Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zithwale izifo ezindaweni ezintsha, okwandisa amathuba obhubhane olusha oluqubuka emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-2022, izifo ezithwalwa omiyane zabulala abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi njalo ngonyaka futhi zathelela abantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-700 emhlabeni jikelele. 

Amagciwane athwalwa omiyane angabangela izifo ezibulalayo njenge-chikungunya, i-Zika, udenga, ne-yellow fever. Nakuba lezi zifo zizalwa ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba, ukuhamba okwandisiwe ngokuhwebelana kanye ne-e-commerce kungathutha amaqanda omiyane emikhunjini yezimpahla noma ezindizeni ziye ezingxenyeni ezintsha zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke enyuka, omiyane abathwala izifo bangathola izindawo ezintsha zokuzalela ezingxenyeni zomhlaba ngaphambili ezazingenamoya.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuphinde kwaholela ekutheni izilwane ezehlukene ziguqule izindlela zazo zokufuduka, okuvamise ukuholela ekutheni amagciwane namabhaktheriya agxume phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, izigameko zezifo ezisabalele ezindaweni ezintsha zandile kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Isibonelo, ngo-2007, isivakashi sase-Italy sathola inkontileka ye-chikungunya ohambweni oluya e-Kerala, e-India. Ngemuva kokubuya kwakhe, uthelele abantu abacishe babe ngama-200 ngaphambi kokuqubuka kwalesi sifo esebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo zokukhucululwa kwendle nokulawula izinambuzane.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), leli gciwane lodenga latholakala emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela ngaphambi kuka-1970. Kodwa-ke, selibhebhetheke emazweni angu-128 kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, labangela izifo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezine ngo-2019. Izifo ezithwalwa omiyane nazo zenze ukwanda okukhulu. umthelela emasosheni ase-US athunyelwe eVietnam, amagciwane ahlobene nomiyane abalelwa ku-20 kwezingu-50 eziphezulu zezinhlupheko ezithinta amasosha. Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-2019 luphakamise ukuthi amaphesenti angama-60 abantu emhlabeni angase angenwe yi-dengue fever ngo-2080.

Ososayensi babikezela ukuthi izehlakalo ezifana nokugqashuka kwe-chikungunya ka-2013-14 e-Caribbean kanye nokuqubuka kweZika ka-2015-16 eBrazil cishe zizovame kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwandisa kakhulu ubungozi bezifo eziwubhadane ezithwalwa omiyane ezenzeka ezifundeni ezingenhla kwenkabazwe, okuhlanganisa naseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.  

Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe amaningi cishe azokwakha indlela ehlosiwe yokuhlonza kanye nokunqanda izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezithwalwa omiyane ngaphambi kokuba ziqale. Lezi zindlela zingase zinikeze izinsiza ezengeziwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, izindlela zokukhucululwa kwendle, kanye nokwethula imithethonqubo ngempahla edayiswayo ukuze kuqedwe usongo lwezifo ezithwalwa omiyane. Uma izifo ezithile zingena kubantu abangakaze babhekane nazo ngaphambili, njengegciwane le-zika, amazinga okufa angase abe ngaphezu kwesilinganiso futhi abeke izinhlelo zezempilo zendawo nezesifunda ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu.  

Imithelela yamagciwane athwalwa omiyane avela ezingxenyeni ezintsha zomhlaba

Imithelela ebanzi yezifo ezintsha ezithwalwa omiyane ezingena ezifundeni ezintsha ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwanda kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, okubangela abantu abaningi ukuba baphuthelwe umsebenzi, okungase kube nomthelela omubi emkhiqizweni wezomnotho kazwelonke nowomhlaba. 
• Imisebenzi yangaphandle yazo zonke izinhlobo ezifundeni ezisenyakatho izobandakanya kakhulu izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuxosha omiyane.
• Izilwane zasendle zomdabu ezifundeni ezisenyakatho nazo zingase zibe nemiphumela emibi yezempilo kusukela ekwethulweni kwezinhlobo zomiyane ezintsha nezihlaselayo kanye nezifo ezithwalwa omiyane.
• Ukwenyuswa kwezimali ocwaningweni olungahlonza futhi luvimbele izifo eziwubhadane ezizayo.
• Izindlela ezintsha zokukhucululwa kwendle ezakhelwe kwingqalasizinda yomphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwamapaki ngomasipala ababengadingi ukutshala imali kulezi zinyathelo.
• Kwethulwa izinyathelo ezintsha zokukhucululwa kwendle ezimpahleni ezithuthwa zisuka emazweni nasezifundeni ezithile, okwandisa izindleko zokusebenza kubahlinzeki bempahla edluliselwa kumakhasimende abo.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi inqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke yokuhlonza nokuvimbela izifo eziwubhubhane izokwazi ukulwa nokwanda kwezifo ezithwalwa omiyane? 
• Imaphi amazwe okholelwa ukuthi asengozini enkulu yezifo ezithwalwa omiyane abafika bevela kwamanye amazwe?