Ukulima insangu e-US: Ukuthengiswa okusemthethweni kokhula

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• July 6, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukungacaci emithethweni yokulima insangu yase-US ngemuva kokugunyazwa kwayo ngokomthetho ku-2021 kuyisithiyo, nokho akukavimbeli abakhiqizi ukuthi bacije izindlela zabo zokutshala ukuze baqinisekise umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu. Naphezu kwesiphithiphithi sokulawula, ukuvela kancane kancane kokugunyazwa ezifundazweni zonke kubeka inkundla yokuthi amabhizinisi amaningi agxile ekulimeni insangu, kubhebhethekisa umbango wezimakethe nokwandisa ukukhetha kwabathengi. Uma ubheka phambili, ukuvunyelwa okusemthethweni okusabalele kungase kwenze kube lula ukulima imithetho yezohwebo, kubangele ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokusebenzisana okungenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kabi kwensangu.

Umongo wokulima insangu

Imithetho yase-US ephathelene nokulima insangu ayikacaci naphezu kokugunyazwa ngokomthetho kwesitshalo ngo-2021. Nokho, abakhiqizi bensangu abakhulu nabancane bacwenga izinqubo zabo zokulima ukuze baqinisekise ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Njengoba ukwenza kube semthethweni kanye nokukhipha umthetho kancane kancane kwenzeka ezifundazweni ezahlukene zezwe, amabhizinisi amaningi azoqala inqubo yokulima insangu, akhulise ukuncintisana kwezimakethe futhi anikeze izinketho ezithuthukisiwe kubathengi. 

Ukuthengiswa okusemthethweni kwensangu kwakucishe kube ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-17.5 ngo-2020, yize kwakusemthethweni kuphela ezifundazweni eziyi-14 ngaleso sikhathi. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi umkhakha wensangu ongekho emthethweni ubiza cishe u-USD 60 billion. Kusukela ngo-2023, abantu bangatshala amanani alawulwayo ensangu ezifundazweni lapho isitshalo sisemthethweni. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo ilawulwa kakhulu, futhi uhulumeni wobumbano angavala noma yikuphi kwalokhu kusebenza okungekho emthethweni. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhiqiza insangu yezokwelapha, abalimi badinga imvume. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe ngalinye linemithetho ethile. Isibonelo, eMichigan, abantu abanezimvume abakwazi ukutshala insangu endaweni eyi-1,000 ft ukusuka epaki. Ngokulinywa kwensangu ngenjongo yokuthengisa, izindleko zemvume zingaba ngaphezulu kuka-USD $25,000. Ngenani lamalayisensi anomkhawulo, ukuthola izimvume zezolimo ezithengiswayo kubiza kakhulu futhi kuyaqhudelana.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Amabhizinisi amaningi asafeza inqubo yokulima insangu, okuhlanganisa nocwaningo mayelana nezici ezifana namanani aphelele okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukwandisa ukugxila kwe-tetrahydrocannabinol, isithako esisebenzayo sensangu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obuningi obusetshenziselwa ukulima insangu okudayiswayo buthathelwe kwezolimo ezithengiswayo kanye nama-horticulturalists. 

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuchithwa kwensangu nokugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kuzovula indlela yokuthi amabhizinisi asekhaya angene emakethe, okwandisa ukuhlukana kwezimakethe. Ngokwesibonelo, eCanada, amabhizinisi endawo aye afuna ukuxhumana namakhasimende awo mathupha ukuze athuthukise inzuzo yawo. Izinkampani ezincane zingafuna ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze zikhuphule imingcele yazo yenzuzo ngaphezu kwabahlinzeki abakhulu bensangu. 

Uma ukugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni kwensangu kwenzeka ezweni lonke e-US, izinhlangano ezilawulayo zizoxegisa imithetho yokulima insangu, ziyivumele ukuthi isebenze ngesisekelo esifana nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zentengiso. Izinkampani zensangu zingatshala imali eningi eminyangweni yazo yocwaningo nentuthuko ukuthuthukisa izitshalo ezingaguquki. Izinkampani zingase zicabange ukusebenzisana nezinhlangano zezengqondo ukuze zinciphise imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kwensangu, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangase babe sengozini yemiphumela emibi kakhulu yensangu.  

Imithelela yokwanda kokulima insangu

Imithelela ebanzi yokwanda kokulima insangu okudayisa ingabandakanya: 

• Amapheshana omhlaba wokulima angasasetshenziswa aguqulwa abe amasimu ensangu.
• Uhulumeni wobumbano kanye nabaphathi bezwe bakhulisa inani lemali yentela abayiqoqa embonini yensangu. 
• Ukuqedwa okungenzeka kwemisebenzi emikhulu yokulima nokusabalalisa insangu engekho emthethweni, kunqanyulwe umthombo obalulekile wemali yokuhweba ngezidakamizwa okungekho emthethweni. 
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zamanoveli zensangu ezinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile.
• Ucwaningo oluthuthukisiwe ngemiphumela yokwelapha yensangu, okungase kuholele ekuthatheni esikhundleni sama-opioid ekulawuleni ubuhlungu besikhathi eside. 
• Ukwanda kwamathuba emisebenzi kulo mkhakha, okuhlanganisa nokuqalisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusimama nokusebenza kahle.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi unqume ngokweqile insangu ngezinjongo zokwelashwa?  
• Yimiphi imibi engaba khona yokwanda kokuthandwa kwensangu esemthethweni?
• Ingabe insangu isemthethweni ezweni lakini? Ucabanga ukuthi kufanele kube semthethweni nhlobo?