Izifiso zasemkhathini zaseChina kanye nemithelela yayo yomhlaba wonke

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• April 15, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ukuvela kwemboni yangasese yezibani zasemkhathini, eyaziwa ngokuthi umqondo we-NewSpace womhlaba wonke, kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwezindleko zokuhlola indawo, kwavula iminyango emisha yokuhweba nokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kuthambekela, kuhambisana nokukhula kwezifiso zasemkhathini zaseShayina kanye nokwanda kokubaluleka kwendawo yezepolitiki, kubumba kabusha izimboni, ohulumeni kanye nomphakathi wonkana. Kusukela ekuphathweni kwezempi okungaba khona kwendawo kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobo zebhizinisi ezintsha, amathuba emfundo, nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo, ikusasa lokuhlola indawo liveza uxhaxha lwamathuba nezinselele ezizothonya umhlaba emashumini eminyaka ezayo.

Umongo wezifiso zase-China

I-China ihlela ukudlula i-US njengezwe elihamba phambili kuzo zonke izinto emkhathini. Ukuncintisana phakathi kwalemibuso emibili emikhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi umjaho wasemkhathini wekhulu lama-21, ubone ukukhula okuphawulekayo ezinhlelweni zasemkhathini zaseShayina njengoba uhulumeni wamaKhomanisi eqondisa izinsiza ezengeziwe emizamweni yesizwe yawo yokuhlola indawo. Izifiso zasemkhathini zaseShayina zibonakala ezenzweni ezinjengokuqamba igama eliqondene ngqo nesiShayina ukuze libhekisele kosomkhathi babo: I-taikonaut (ubuningi be-taikonauts) umuntu ohamba emkhathini egameni lohlelo lwasemkhathini lwaseShayina. Ngokunjalo, ngo-2021, iChina yamemezela izinhlelo zokwakha isiteshi sasemkhathini esisetshenziswa ama-taikouts ekupheleni kuka-2029.

Phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo, i-China izuze izimanga ezikhulayo kusukela ekuletheni amatshe enyanga eMhlabeni kuya ekuthumeleni i-rover ezenzakalelayo ku-Mars. Imboni yasemkhathini yangasese yaseShayina nayo ikhula ngokushesha ngaphandle kohlelo lukazwelonke lwasemkhathini. Ngo-2020, i-rocket eyakhelwe ukuhweba yethula ngempumelelo uhlelo lokuxhumana ngesathelayithi emkhathini. Lo mzamo oqoqiwe phakathi kwezinhlelo zemkhathi kazwelonke nezinkampani ezizimele unamandla okubona i-China igxumela phezulu kwe-US' space.

Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2023, iChina yaba nenombolo yesibili ephezulu kakhulu yamasathelayithi asebenzayo ku-orbit yomhlaba, i-US ikleliswe kuqala, ngokusho kwesizindalwazi sesathelayithi se-Union of Concerned Scientists'. Ukuma kweChina, okuhambisana nobufakazi bezinhlelo zokulwa nesathelayithi ezithuthukiswa yiChina, kwenze uMnyango Wezokuvikela waseMelika ukhiphe isexwayiso eChina. Isixwayiso sasigxile kulawa masathelayithi aphikisana nomkhathi kanye namandla empi kagesi phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili ezingabeka engcupheni ukuphepha kohambo lwasemkhathini lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokudayiswa.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Umqondo we-NewSpace womhlaba wonke, obonakala ngokuvela kwemboni yangasese yendizamkhathi, unciphise kakhulu izindleko zokwenza kanye nokwethula amarokhethi asemkhathini kusukela ngo-2010. Ukusebenzisa kabusha i-hardware endala nama-booster ukuze kwakhiwe imicibisholo emincane emincane ye-orbit kube yisici esibalulekile kulokhu kuncipha. . Izinkampani zasemkhathini ezizimele ezizinze e-US ezifana ne-SpaceX kanye ne-Blue Origin zifaka isandla kulo mkhuba ngokutshala amarokhethi asebenzisekayo futhi azihlalela. Le ndlela yokuphatha ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa ukumosha kodwa futhi ikhuthaza isimo sokuncintisana esingase siholele ekongeni izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

Ngenxa yalokhu kwehliswa kwezindleko, imboni yasemkhathini ikulungele ukukhula okuphawulekayo, nethuba lokufinyelela inani le-USD $ 2.7 trillion ngo-2030, ngokusho kweBhange LaseMelika. Kubantu ngabanye, lo mkhuba ungase uvule amathuba amasha okuvakasha emkhathini kanye nemfundo, kwenze lokho okwakuyiphupho elikude kufinyeleleke kalula. Izinkampani zingase zithole izindlela ezintsha zokutshala imali nokusebenzisana, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha namasevisi. Ohulumeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungase kudingeke bakhe imithethonqubo emisha namazinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuziphatha okuhle kule mboni ekhula ngokushesha.

Intshisekelo ekhulayo yaseShayina kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali emkhathini kungenzeka kube nomthelela kuhulumeni wase-US ukuthi akhulise uxhaso lwakhe lwendawo yomphakathi nezizimele phakathi nawo wonke ama-2020. Lo mncintiswano phakathi kwamandla amakhulu uhlelelwe ukwenza ukuthengiswa kwezindawo ezibanzi kube ngokoqobo ngo-2030. Kohulumeni, lokhu kusho ushintsho olungase lube khona kumandla omhlaba kanye nesidingo sokusungula izivumelwano nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Izikhungo zemfundo zingase futhi zihlomule ngokwanda kwezimali, okuholela emathubeni amasha ocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi abanamakhono emikhakheni ehlobene nendawo. 

Imithelela yezifiso zasemkhathini zaseChina

Imithelela ebanzi yezifiso zasemkhathini zaseChina ingafaka:

• Ukunwetshwa kokubaluleka kwendawo yezepolitiki kanye nokwenyuka kwezimali zomphakathi ezinhlelweni zasemkhathini hhayi e-US kuphela, kodwa nase-EU nase-India, okuholela enkathini entsha yokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuncintisana ekuhloleni indawo nobuchwepheshe.
• Ukukhula kwezempi kwesikhala njengoba amazwe ahlukene efuna ukuvikela ingqalasizinda yawo ekhulayo ye-orbital ngokumelene nezimbangi ze-geopolitical, okuholela esidingweni sezivumelwano ezintsha zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemithethonqubo yokuvimbela izingxabano ezingaba khona.
• Ukuhlukaniswa okuzayo kwemizila ye-orbit emhlabeni jikelele engase ibone ohulumeni bephoqelela izindawo ezingaguquguquki emazweni abo ukuze bavikele ezinhlolini eziphikisanayo namasathelayithi ezokuxhumana, okungenzeka kube nzima ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke kanye nezinhlelo zokugada.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli amabhizinisi amasha embonini yangasese yasemkhathini, egxile kubuchwepheshe obusebenziseka kabusha kanye nokusebenzisana nohulumeni, okuholela ekuhambeni okufinyeleleka kalula nokuthengekayo emkhathini ngezinjongo zezohwebo nezesayensi.
• Ukuvela komkhakha wezokuvakasha emkhathini njengemboni esebenzayo, okudala amathuba amasha ezinkampani zezokuvakasha nezokungcebeleka, nokuholela esidingweni semithethonqubo kanye namazinga okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabagibeli kanye nesibopho semvelo.
• Amathuba ocwaningo olusekelwe emkhathini ukuze abambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwezokwelapha, ezolimo, neminye imikhakha, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinga lempilo kanye namathuba amasha omnotho eMhlabeni.
• Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zemfundo ezintsha nezindlela zomsebenzi ezihlobene nobuchwepheshe bendawo nokuhlola, okuholela kubasebenzi abanamakhono abakwazi ukusekela imboni yendawo ekhulayo.
• Umthelela ongase ube khona kwezemvelo wokwenyuka kokwethulwa komkhathi, okuholela esidingweni sezinqubo nemithethonqubo esimeme ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala emkhathini woMhlaba kanye nezimiso zemvelo.
• Ukuba nokwenzeka kwezinsiza ezisekelwe emkhathini njengama-asteroids ezimayini, okuholela emathubeni amasha omnotho nezinselele mayelana nobunikazi, ukulawulwa, nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo.
• Umthelela wezinkampani zasemkhathini ezizimele ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zezombusazwe kanye nenqubomgomo, okuholela ekushintsheni endleleni ohulumeni ababhekana ngayo nokuhlola indawo, ukulawula, nokusebenzisana nezinkampani ezizimele, okunomthelela ongase ube sobala, izimiso zokuziphatha, kanye nezithakazelo zomphakathi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yiziphi ezinye izinyathelo okufanele i-China izithathe ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi iba amandla ahamba phambili emkhathini ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho?
• Imiphi eminye imithelela engase ivele ekuqhudelaneni kweShayina okuvelayo emkhakheni wezomkhathi?