Izifo zase-Arctic: Amagciwane namagciwane ahlala elindile njengoba iqhwa lincibilika

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• January 9, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Njengoba umhlaba udonsa kanzima ngokuqala kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, igagasi lokushisa elingajwayelekile eSiberia lalibangela ukuba i-permafrost inyibilike, idedele amagciwane amadala kanye namagciwane avaleleke ngaphakathi. Lesi sigameko, esihambisana nokwanda komsebenzi wabantu e-Arctic kanye nokushintsha amaphethini okufuduka kwezilwane zasendle ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kuye kwaphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwenzeka kokuqubuka kwezifo ezintsha. Imithelela yalezi zifo zase-Arctic ifinyelela kude, ithinta izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izimakethe zabasebenzi, ucwaningo lwezemvelo, amandla ezepolitiki, kanye nokuziphatha komphakathi.

Izifo ze-Arctic

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMashi 2020, njengoba umhlaba ububhekela ukuvalwa kwezindawo ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVID-19, kwenzeka isenzakalo sezulu esihlukile enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia. Lesi sifunda esikude besibhekene negagasi lokushisa elimangalisayo, amazinga okushisa akhuphuka afinyelela ku-45 degrees Celsius okungakaze kuzwakale. Ithimba lososayensi, libona lesi simo sezulu esingavamile, lahlobanisa ukwenzeka kwayo nenkinga ebanzi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Bahlele isemina ukuze baxoxe ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona ezihlobene nokuncibilika kwe-permafrost, into eyaya ngokuya yanda kulezi zifunda.

I-Permafrost yinoma iyiphi i-organic material, kungaba isihlabathi, amaminerali, amadwala, noma inhlabathi, ehlale iqhwa ku-0 degrees Celsius noma ngaphansi kuka-XNUMX okungenani iminyaka emibili. Lesi sendlalelo esiqandisiwe, esivame ukujula ngamamitha ambalwa, sisebenza njengeyunithi yokugcina yemvelo, igcina yonke into engaphakathi kwayo esimweni sokugqwayiza okumisiwe. Nokho, njengoba amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke ekhuphuka, le permafrost ibilokhu incibilika kancane kancane isuka phezulu iye phansi. Le nqubo yokuncibilika, ebilokhu yenzeka emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule, inamandla okukhulula okuqukethwe okuvalelekile kwe-permafrost endaweni ezungezile.

Phakathi kokuqukethwe yi-permafrost kukhona amagciwane asendulo nama-bacterium, aboshwe eqhweni izinkulungwane zeminyaka, uma kungenjalo izigidi. Lawa ma-microorganisms, uma esekhululiwe emoyeni, angase athole umsingathi futhi aphile kabusha. Izazi ze-Virologists, ezicwaninga lawa ma-pathogens asendulo, zikuqinisekisile lokhu kungenzeka. Ukukhululwa kwalawa magciwane asendulo kanye nama-bacterium kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomhlaba wonke, okungase kuholele ekuqubukeni kwezifo imithi yesimanje engakaze ihlangabezane nayo ngaphambili. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukuvuswa kwegciwane elisuselwa ku-DNA elineminyaka engama-30,000 ubudala elisuka ku-permafrost odokotela begciwane abavela e-Aix-Marseille University eFrance kuphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwenzeka kwezifo eziwubhadane ezizayo ezivela e-Arctic. Nakuba amagciwane edinga abantu abaphilayo ukuze baphile futhi i-Arctic inabantu abambalwa, isifunda sibona ukwanda kwemisebenzi yabantu. Abantu abangasedolobheni bayathuthela kule ndawo, ikakhulukazi ukuze kukhishwe uwoyela negesi. 

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu akuthinti nje kuphela inani labantu kodwa futhi kushintsha izindlela zokufuduka kwezinyoni nezinhlanzi. Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zithuthela ezindaweni ezintsha, zingase zihlangane namagciwane akhishwa ku-permafrost. Lo mkhuba wandisa ingozi yezifo ze-zoonotic, ezingadluliselwa zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu. Esinye sezifo esinjalo esesikhombisile ukuthi singaba yingozi i-Anthrax, ebangelwa amagciwane atholakala ngokwemvelo emhlabathini. Ukugqashuka kwango-2016 kwaholela ekufeni kwezinyamazane zaseSiberia futhi kwathelela abantu abayishumi nambili.

Yize ososayensi njengamanje bekholelwa ukuthi okunye ukuqubuka kwe-Anthrax akunakwenzeka, ukuqhubeka nokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa emhlabeni wonke kungase kwenyuse ingozi yokuqubuka kwesikhathi esizayo. Ezinkampanini ezibandakanyeka ekukhishweni kukawoyela negesi e-Arctic, lokhu kungase kusho ukusebenzisa imithetho eqinile yezempilo nezokuphepha. Kohulumeni, kungase kuhlanganise ukutshala izimali ocwaningweni ukuze baqonde kangcono lawa magciwane asendulo kanye nokuthuthukisa amasu okunciphisa umthelela wabo ongaba khona. 

Imiphumela yezifo ze-arctic

Imiphumela ebanzi yezifo zase-Arctic ingabandakanya:

• Ingozi eyengeziwe yokudluliselwa kwegciwane kusuka esilwaneni kuya kumuntu okuvela ezilwaneni zasendle ezigcwele izindawo ze-Arctic. Amandla ala magciwane ukuthi aphenduke ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke awaziwa.
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulisiwe ocwaningweni lokugoma kanye nokuqapha kwesayensi okusekelwa nguhulumeni kwezindawo ze-arctic.
• Ukuvela kwezifo zase-Arctic kungaholela ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kukhinyabeze isabelomali sikazwelonke futhi okungase kuholele ezintela eziphakeme noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezinye izindawo.
• Amathuba ezifo eziwubhadane emisha angaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokutholwa nokulawulwa kwezifo, okuholela ekukhuleni kwemboni ye-biotech.
• Ukuqubuka kwezifo ezindaweni ezithintekayo ekukhishweni kukawoyela negesi okuholela ekushodeni kwabasebenzi kulezi zimboni, okunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kanye namanani entengo.
• Ukwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni lwezemvelo kanye nemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo njengoba ukuqonda kanye nokunciphisa lezi zingozi kuba yinto ehamba phambili.
• Ukushuba kwesimo sezombangazwe njengoba amazwe ephikisana ngesibopho sokubhekana nalezi zingozi kanye nezindleko ezihambisana nazo.
• Abantu baqaphela kakhulu mayelana nokuvakasha noma imisebenzi yangaphandle e-Arctic, okunomthelela ezimbonini ezifana nezokuvakasha nezokungcebeleka.
• Ukwenyuka kokuqwashisa komphakathi kanye nokukhathazeka ngezifo ezibangelwa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kuqhuba isidingo sezinqubo ezizinzile kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi ohulumeni kufanele bazilungiselele kanjani izifo eziwubhadane ezizayo?
• Usongo lwamagciwane abalekela i-permafrost lungayithinta kanjani imizamo yezimo eziphuthumayo zomhlaba wonke?