Ukuhamba kwedolobha okusimeme: Izindleko zokuminyana njengoba abagibeli behlangana emadolobheni

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• January 17, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Amadolobhakazi emhlabeni wonke ashintshela ezinhlelweni zokuthutha umphakathi ezisimeme ukuze alwe nezinselelo zemvelo nezomnotho, ezifana nokukhipha isisi esibamba ukushisa nesiminyaminya sezimoto. Ukuhamba emadolobheni okusimeme akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya kanye nempilo yomphakathi kodwa futhi kuvuselela umnotho wendawo ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi nokugqugquzela ukubandakanywa. Lolu guquko luphinde luholele ezinguqukweni ezibanzi emphakathini, okuhlanganisa nokuncishiswa kokwanda kwamadolobha, ukufinyeleleka okuthuthukisiwe kwemisebenzi nemfundo, kanye nomkhakha wezamandla osimeme.

Umongo wokuhamba emadolobheni esimeme

Amadolobhakazi emhlabeni jikelele aphishekela izindlela ezisimeme zezokuthutha zomphakathi. Lolu shintsho lubalulekile njengoba ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa (GHG) evela kwezokuthutha kufinyelela cishe amaphesenti angama-29 engqikithi ye-GHG e-US kuphela. Inkinga ecindezelayo yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni akuyona ukuphela kwezinkinga zokuhamba emadolobheni. Okutholwe ocwaningweni lokuhamba kwabantu emadolobheni e-US kubonise ukuthi ukuminyana kwezimoto kubiza umnotho wase-US amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-179 ngonyaka, kuyilapho umgibeli ojwayelekile echitha amahora angama-54 kuthrafikhi njalo ngonyaka.

Nakuba ezokuthutha ziwumgqugquzeli obalulekile wentuthuko yezomnotho nenhlalakahle, ukuhamba kwabantu emadolobheni okusimeme, emnyombweni wako, kuyikhono lokuhlinzeka ngengqalasizinda elinganayo kanye nokufinyelela ekuxhumaniseni abantu emisebenzini, emfundweni, ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kanye nomphakathi wonkana. Ukuminyana kwethrafikhi kuphazamisa ikhwalithi yempilo, ngesikhathi esilahlekile kanye nokukhiqiza, emadolobheni amakhulu lapho abantu abakhula bezinga eliphakathi behlangana khona ohambweni lwabo lwansuku zonke lokuya emsebenzini. Izinzuzo zokwamukela imodeli yezokuthutha ezihamba emadolobheni esimeme zifinyelela kude emthelela wazo emphakathini nakwezomnotho futhi kufanele ukuphokophele ukuwenza.

Izinhlelo ezisimeme zezokuthutha zasemadolobheni ngokuvamile zingakhuthaza izixazululo zezokuthutha okungezona izimoto ezifana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili nokuhamba ngezinyawo, okungase kudinge imigwaqo ebanzi nemizila yamabhayisikili ezinikele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomgomo obanzi womphakathi wokufinyelela ngokulinganayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ama-scooters nezinye izinto zokuhamba ezilula, ezinomsebenzisi oyedwa, ezisebenza ngebhethri zingase zifakwe ngaphansi kwesichazamazwi esimeme sezokuthutha zasemadolobheni.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Amadolobha afana neZurich neStockholm, anezinhlelo zawo zezokuthutha zomphakathi ezisebenza kahle, abone ukwehla kobunikazi bezimoto, okuguqulela ngokuqondile ukuncipha kwezimoto emgwaqeni kanye nokungcola okuncane. Le nzuzo yemvelo idlulela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomoya, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomphakathi, kunciphise ukusabalala kwezifo zokuphefumula kanye nezinye izindaba zezempilo ezihlobene nokungcola.

Ngokomnotho, ukuhamba kwabantu emadolobheni okusimeme kungashukumisa izimboni zendawo futhi kudale namathuba emisebenzi. Indlela ye-Medellin yokuthola izingxenye eziyisipele ezikhiqizwe endaweni zesistimu yayo ye-metro iyisibonelo esihle salokhu. Uhlelo lwaleli dolobha lokukhiqiza amabhasi asebenza ngogesi kuleli esikhathini esizayo ngeke ligcine ngokuncika ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe kodwa lizophinde lidale namathuba omsebenzi ngaphakathi kwedolobha. Lokhu kukhula komnotho kungaholela ekwandeni kokuchuma kanye nezinga lokuphila elingcono kubahlali baleli dolobha.

Ngokombono wenhlalo, ukuhamba kwedolobha okuzinzile kungakhuthaza ukubandakanywa nokulingana. Izindleko ezincishisiwe ezinhlelweni zokuthutha umphakathi, njengoba kubonakala eZurich, zenza uhambo lokuya emsebenzini lufinyeleleke kubo bonke, kungakhathaliseki izinga lemali engenayo. Lokhu kufinyeleleka kungaholela ekwandeni kokunyakaza komphakathi, njengoba abantu bengahamba kalula ngomsebenzi, imfundo, noma ukungcebeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshela ezindleleni zezokuthutha ezisimeme kungaphinde kukhuthaze umuzwa womphakathi, njengoba izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngokuhlanganyela emizamweni yokunciphisa indawo yemvelo yedolobha labo.

Imithelela yokuhamba emadolobheni esimeme

Imithelela ebanzi yokuhambahamba emadolobheni esimeme ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukwenyuka kwezinzuzo zezokuvakasha nezomnotho emadolobheni anezokuthutha ezithuthuke kahle, ezisimeme.
• Amazinga aphansi okuntuleka kwemisebenzi nokwanda kokuchuma komnotho njengoba abantu abaningi bengawathola kalula amathuba omsebenzi ngezindleko ezincane.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomoya kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okunomthelela omuhle emiphakathini yasemadolobheni.
• Izimboni ezintsha zigxile kubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza okuholela ekwandeni kwemisebenzi yezomnotho kanye namathuba emisebenzi.
• Ukuncipha kokusabalala kwamadolobha njengoba ezokuthutha zomphakathi ezisebenza kahle kwenza ukuhlala enkabeni yedolobha kukhange nakakhulu, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha okuhambisana nokusimeme.
• Izinqubomgomo ezibeka phambili ezokuthutha zomphakathi nezindlela zokuthutha okungezona izimoto, okuholela ekushintsheni ekuhleleni amadolobha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda.
• Isidingo esikhulu sabasebenzi abanamakhono kubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, okuholela ezinguqukweni emakethe yezabasebenzi kanye nesidingo sezinhlelo ezintsha zokuqeqeshwa nemfundo.
• Amasistimu amathikithi ahlakaniphile nolwazi lohambo lwesikhathi sangempela athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuba lula kwezithuthi zomphakathi, okuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa nokuncipha kokuthembela ezimotweni ezizimele.
• Ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okuholela kumkhakha wamandla osimeme futhi oqinile.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi izici ezifana ne-geopolitics, ngenxa yamandla ezomnotho agxilile, kufanele zibe nomthelela ekutheni amadolobha embulungeni yonke ahlomule ekuhambeni okuzinzile kwedolobha? 
• Ucabanga ukuthi kungaba khona imodeli yezomnotho engcono yokuthola izinsiza ngokulinganayo ukuze izakhamuzi emhlabeni wonke zijabulele ukuhamba kwabantu emadolobheni okusimeme?