Inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yebhizinisi: Izinkampani ziba osomaqhinga abanethonya

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Inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yebhizinisi: Izinkampani ziba osomaqhinga abanethonya

Inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yebhizinisi: Izinkampani ziba osomaqhinga abanethonya

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Njengoba amabhizinisi ekhula futhi eceba, manje adlala indima ekwenzeni izinqumo ezilolonga idiplomacy kanye nobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • January 9, 2023

    Ezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu emhlabeni sezinamandla anele okubumba ipolitiki yomhlaba. Maqondana nalokhu, isinqumo senoveli saseDenmark sokuqoka uCasper Klynge “njengenxusa lezobuchwepheshe” ngo-2017 kwakungesona isimanga sokukhangisa kodwa kwakuyisu elicatshangelwe kahle. Amazwe amaningi alandela okufanayo futhi adala izikhundla ezifanayo ukuze axazulule ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwama-tech conglomerates nohulumeni, asebenze ndawonye ngezintshisakalo ezabiwe, futhi akhe ubambiswano oluphakathi komphakathi nezizimele. 

    Umongo wenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yebhizinisi

    Ngokwephepha elanyatheliswa kuyi-European Group for Organizational Studies, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, izinhlangano bezilokhu zizama ukusebenzisa ithonya lazo phezu kwemithetho kahulumeni. Nokho, ngeminyaka yawo-2000 ibone ukwanda okuphawulekayo kobukhulu kanye nohlobo lwamaqhinga asetshenziswayo. Le mizamo ihlose ukuba nomthelela ezingxoxweni zenqubomgomo, imibono yomphakathi, nokuxhumana nomphakathi ngokuqoqwa kwedatha. Amanye amasu adumile ahlanganisa imikhankaso yenkundla yezokuxhumana, ukusebenzisana kwamasu nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, ukushicilelwa ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu zezindaba, nokunxenxa obala imithetho noma iziqondiso ezifiselekayo. Izinkampani ziphinde zikhuphule uxhaso lwezimali zomkhankaso ngamakomiti esenzo sezepolitiki (ama-PAC) kanye nokusebenzisana namaqembu acabangayo ukuze alolonge ama-ajenda enqubomgomo, okuthonya izinkulumo-mpikiswano zomthetho enkantolo yemibono yomphakathi.

    Isibonelo sesikhulu seBig Tech esiphenduke isiphathamandla nguMongameli weMicrosoft uBrad Smith, ohlale ehlangana nezinhloko zezwe kanye nongqongqoshe bangaphandle mayelana nemizamo yaseRussia yokugebenga. Wakha isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe esibizwa ngokuthi i-Digital Geneva Convention ukuze kuvikelwe izakhamuzi ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi okuxhaswe nguhulumeni. Ephepheni lenqubomgomo, unxuse ohulumeni ukuthi benze isivumelwano sokuthi ngeke bahlasele izinsiza ezibalulekile, njengezibhedlela noma izinkampani zikagesi. Okunye ukuvinjelwa okuphakanyisiwe ukuhlasela amasistimu okuthi, lapho ebhujiswa, angalimaza umnotho womhlaba, njengobuqotho bemisebenzi yezezimali nezinsizakalo ezisekelwe emafini. Leli qhinga liyisibonelo nje sendlela amafemu ezobuchwepheshe asebenzisa ngayo amandla awo ukunxenxa ohulumeni ukuthi bakhe imithetho engaba yinzuzo kulezi zinkampani.

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    Ngo-2022, iwebhusayithi yezindaba i-Guardian yakhipha ukudalula kokuthi izinkampani zikagesi ezizinze e-US zinxenxele ngokuyimfihlo amandla ahlanzekile. Ngo-2019, uSenator wesifunda seDemocratic Alliance uJosé Javier Rodríguez uhlongoze umthetho lapho abanikazi bezindlu bezokwazi ukudayisela abaqashi babo amandla ashibhile elanga, bathole inzuzo ye-titan yamandla yaseFlorida Power & Light's (FPL). I-FPL yabe isisebenzisana ne-Matrix LLC, inkampani yezombangazwe esebenzise amandla angemuva okungenani ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalombili. Umjikelezo wokhetho olandelayo waphumela ekukhishweni kukaRodríguez esikhundleni. Ukuqinisekisa lo mphumela, izisebenzi ze-Matrix zafaka imali ezikhangisweni zezombusazwe kukhandidethi elinesibongo esifanayo nesika-Rodríguez. Leli su lisebenze ngokuhlukanisa ivoti, okuholele ekunqobeni kwekhandidethi obefiswa. Nokho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela ukuthi lo mdlali ubegwazelwa ukuthi angenele lo mjaho.

    Engxenyeni enkulu yeningizimu-mpumalanga ye-US, izinsiza zikagesi ezinkulu zisebenza njengama-monopoli nabathengi abathunjiwe. Kufanele zilawulwe ngokuqinile, kodwa izinzuzo zabo kanye nezindleko zezombangazwe ezingahloliwe zibenza babe ezinye zezinhlangano ezinamandla kakhulu esifundazweni. Ngokusho kwe-Center for Biological Diversity, amafemu ezinsiza zase-US avunyelwe amandla awodwa ngoba kufanele athuthukise izintshisekelo zomphakathi jikelele. Kunalokho, basebenzisa inzuzo yabo ukubamba amandla kanye nentando yeningi eyonakele. Kube nophenyo olubili lobugebengu emkhankasweni obhekene noRodríguez. Lolu phenyo luholele ekutheni kubekwe amacala abantu abahlanu, nakuba uMatrix noma i-FPL ingakasoleki nganoma yimaphi amacala. Abagxeki manje bayazibuza ukuthi kungaba yini imiphumela yesikhathi eside uma amabhizinisi ebumba ipolitiki yamazwe ngamazwe.

    Imithelela yenqubomgomo yebhizinisi yangaphandle

    Imithelela ebanzi yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yebhizinisi ingabandakanya: 

    • Amafemu ezobuchwepheshe avame ukuthumela abameleli bazo ukuze bahlale ezingqungqutheleni ezinkulu, njengezingqungquthela zeZizwe Ezihlangene noma ze-G-12 ukuze banikele ezingxoxweni ezibalulekile.
    • Omongameli nezinhloko zemibuso baya ngokuya bemema ama-CEO asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe emihlanganweni esemthethweni kanye nokuvakasha kombuso, njengoba bebengenza nenxusa lezwe.
    • Amazwe amaningi adala amanxusa ezobuchwepheshe azomela izintshisekelo zawo kanye nezinto eziwakhathazayo e-Silicon Valley nakwezinye izindawo zobuchwepheshe zomhlaba wonke.
    • Izinkampani zisebenzisa imali eningi kuma-lobbies kanye nokusebenzisana kwezepolitiki ngokumelene nezikweletu ezingakhawulela ububanzi namandla azo. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba imithetho ye-Big Tech vs antitrust.
    • Ukwanda kwezigameko zenkohlakalo nokuxhashazwa kwezepolitiki, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini zamandla nezinsiza zezezimali.

    Imibuzo ongaphawula ngayo

    • Yini ohulumeni abangayenza ukuze balinganisele amandla ezinkampani ekwenzeni inqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke?
    • Yiziphi ezinye izingozi ezingaba khona zokuthi izinkampani zibe nethonya kwezombusazwe?