Ukukhanyisa kwelanga: I-Geoengineering ukukhombisa imisebe yeLanga ukupholisa Umhlaba

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 21, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Abacwaningi bahlola isu lokupholisa uMhlaba ngokufafaza izinhlayiya zothuli kuyi-stratosphere, indlela egqugquzelwa izinqubo zemvelo ezibonwa ekuqhumeni kwentaba-mlilo. Le ndlela, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-geoengineering, ibangele inkulumo-mpikiswano ngenxa yamandla ayo okushintsha isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke, ithinte ezolimo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kanye namasu okusebenza okushintsha amabhizinisi. Nakuba abanye bekubona njengempendulo edingekayo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, abanye baxwayisa ngokuthi kungase kuphazamise imizamo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokukhuthaza izinqubo ezisimeme.

Ibonisa umongo wokukhanya kwelanga

Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseHarvard basebenza ngohlelo oluqinile lokupholisa Umhlaba. Bahlongoza ukufafaza izinhlayiya zothuli lwe-calcium carbonate ku-stratosphere ukuze kuphole iplanethi ngokubonisa eminye imisebe yelanga emkhathini. Lo mbono wavela ekuqhumeni kweNtaba iPinatubo ePhilippines ngo-1991, okwajova amathani alinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-20 e-sulphur dioxide endaweni eyi-stratosphere, apholisa uMhlaba emazingeni okushisa angaphambi kwezimboni izinyanga ezingu-18.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inqubo efanayo ingasetshenziswa ukupholisa uMhlaba ngokuzenzela. Lo mzamo wamabomu nomkhulu wokuthonya isimo sezulu soMhlaba ubizwa ngokuthi i-geoengineering. Abaningi emphakathini wesayensi baye baxwayisa ngomkhuba we-geoengineering, kodwa njengoba ukufudumala kwembulunga kuqhubeka, abanye ososayensi, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, ngisho nezazi zezemvelo bayakucubungula ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngenxa yemizamo yamanje yokunqanda ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke okunganele. 

Le phrojekthi ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ibhaluni eliphezulu ukuthatha imishini yesayensi amamayela angu-12 ukuya emkhathini, lapho kuzokhishwa khona amakhilogremu angu-4.5 e-calcium carbonate. Uma isikhishiwe, izinto ezisebhaluni zizobe sezikala ukuthi kwenzekani emoyeni ozungezile. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe okuphindaphindwayo, isinyathelo singalinganiswa ngomthelela weplanethi.

Umthelela ophazamisayo 

Kubantu ngabanye, ukubonakalisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngokusebenzisa i-geoengineering kungasho izinguquko esimweni sezulu sendawo, okuthinta ezolimo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Emabhizinisini, ikakhulukazi lawo akwezolimo nezindawo ezithengiswayo, lezi zinguquko zingaholela ekushintsheni kwamasu okusebenza nezinqumo zokutshala izimali. Ithonya elikhulu elingase libe khona lomklamo onjalo esimweni sezulu eMhlabeni liye laholela abanye ekubeni baphikise ngokuthi weqa imingcele yezimiso zokuziphatha zokuhlola kwesayensi.

Kodwa-ke, abanye bayaphikisana nokuthi abantu sebevele benza i-geoengineering, ikakhulukazi ngamanani abalulekile wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekhishwe emkhathini kusukela kwaqala ukwenziwa kwezimboni. Lo mbono uphakamisa ukuthi simane sigudluke ekubeni singahlosile siye ekunukubezeni ngamabomu indawo yethu. Ngakho-ke, ohulumeni kungase kudingeke bacabangele imithethonqubo nezinqubomgomo zokulawula lokhu kungenelela kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi obungaba khona.

Umphakathi wesayensi kanye nezinhlangano zezemvelo ziqaphe ngeso lokhozi lezi zenzakalo, zizwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi imizamo enjalo ingase iphazamise ukugxila komhlaba wonke ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe namasu akhona. Lokhu ukukhathazeka okufanelekile njengoba isithembiso "sokulungisa ngokushesha" singabukela phansi imizamo yokuguqukela ezindleleni ezizinzile. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi nakuba i-geoengineering ingase inikeze ingxenye yesixazululo, akufanele ithathe indawo yemizamo yokunciphisa ukungcola nokukhuthaza ukusimama.

Imithelela yokubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga 

Imithelela ebanzi yokubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga ingase ihlanganise:

• Imiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi engalindelekile esimweni sezulu soMhlaba, okubangela izinkinga ezingalindelekile zokuphila emhlabeni, njengokuthinta amaphethini omoya, ukwakheka kweziphepho kanye nokudanga izinguquko ezintsha zesimo sezulu.
• Imibhikisho yezazi zemvelo kanye nomphakathi wonkana lapho izingozi ze-geoengineering sezaziwa.
• I-Geoengineering ithulisa ohulumeni, izinkampani ezinkulu, namabhizinisi emzweni wokunganeliseki mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
• Ukushintsha kokusatshalaliswa kwenani labantu njengoba abantu besuka ezindaweni ezinokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esingesihle, okuholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu zezibalo kanye nezinselele ekuhleleni amadolobha kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza.
• Ukushintshashintsha kwamanani okudla nokutholakala, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwezomnotho, kuthinte kokubili umnotho wendawo kanye nohwebo lomhlaba.
• Izimboni ezintsha zigxile ekuthuthukisweni, ekutshalweni nasekugcinweni kahle kwalobu buchwepheshe, zakha amathuba emisebenzi emisha kodwa futhi ezidinga ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kwabasebenzi nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
• Ukushuba kwesimo sezombangazwe njengokuvumelana komhlaba wonke kungadingeka, okuholela ezingxabanweni mayelana nokubusa, ukulingana, namandla okwenza izinqumo phakathi kwezizwe.
• Imithelela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo njengoba i-ecosystem ijwayela izinguquko ekukhanyeni kwelanga namazinga okushisa, okuholela ekushintsheni ekusabalaliseni kwezinhlobo zezilwane futhi mhlawumbe nokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ingabe i-geoengineering inesithembiso esihle, noma iwuhlelo oluyingozi olunezinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo ongalawulwa?
• Uma i-geoengineering iphumelela ukupholisa uMhlaba, ingaba nomthelela kanjani ezinhlelweni zemvelo zama-greenhouse emitters amakhulu, njengamazwe nezinkampani ezinkulu?