Ukuguqulwa kweminyaka yokwenziwa: Ingabe isayensi ingasenza sibebasha futhi?

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Ukuguqulwa kweminyaka yokwenziwa: Ingabe isayensi ingasenza sibebasha futhi?

Ukuguqulwa kweminyaka yokwenziwa: Ingabe isayensi ingasenza sibebasha futhi?

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Ososayensi benza izifundo eziningi ukuze bahlehlise ukuguga komuntu, futhi ziyisinyathelo esisodwa sokusondela empumelelweni.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • September 30, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Ukuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukubuyisela emuva ukuguga komuntu kudlulela ngalé kokunakekelwa kwesikhumba nama-stem cells, kuhlolisisa ukuwohloka kwe-metabolic, kwemisipha, kanye nemizwa. Intuthuko yakamuva ekwelapheni ngezakhi zofuzo nasezifundweni zamangqamuzana kunikeza ithemba lokwelashwa okungavuselela izicubu zomuntu, nakuba ubunkimbinkimbi kumangqamuzana omuntu budala izinselele. Amandla alezi zindlela zokwelapha avusa isithakazelo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekutshalweni kwezimali kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo kuya ekucatshangelweni kokulawula, okusikisela ukuphila okude, okunempilo kodwa futhi kuphakamise imibuzo yokuziphatha nokufinyeleleka.

    Umongo wokuguqulwa kweminyaka yobudala yokwenziwa

    Njengoba inani labantu abaguga liqhubeka nokwanda, ososayensi bamatasa bafuna izindlela zokunciphisa ukuguga kubantu ngaphezu kokunakekelwa kwesikhumba esilwa nokuguga kanye nocwaningo lwama-stem cell. Ezinye izifundo zikhiqize imiphumela ethokozisayo engenza ukuguqulwa kweminyaka yokwenziwa kutholakale kalula. Isibonelo, izifundo zomtholampilo zathola ukuthi izinkomba zokuguga komuntu zihlanganisa isifo se-metabolic, ukulahlekelwa kwemisipha, i-neurodegeneration, imibimbi yesikhumba, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yezifo ezihlobene nobudala ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umdlavuza, nesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngokugxila kuma-biomarker ahlukene abangela ukuguga, ososayensi banethemba lokuthola ukuthi banganciphisa kanjani noma bahlehlise ukuwohloka (ukuguqulwa kweminyaka yokwenziwa).

    Ngo-2018, abacwaningi baseHarvard Medical School bathola ukuthi ukubuyisela emuva ukuguga kwemithambo yegazi kungabamba ukhiye wokubuyisela ubungqabavu bentsha. Abacwaningi bahlehlisa imithambo yegazi kanye nokuwohloka kwemisipha kumagundane asebekhulile ngokuhlanganisa izandulela zokwenziwa (izinhlanganisela ezivumela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali) kuma-molecule amabili avela ngokwemvelo. Ucwaningo luhlonze izindlela eziyisisekelo zamaselula ngemuva kokuguga kwemithambo kanye nemiphumela yako empilweni yemisipha.

    Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha abantu zingakwazi ukubhekana nenqwaba yezifo eziqhamuka ngenxa yokuguga kwemithambo. Yize izindlela eziningi zokwelapha ezithembisayo kumagundane zingenawo umthelela ofanayo kubantu, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibikholisa ngokwanele ukuze itshele ithimba locwaningo ukuthi lenze izifundo kubantu.

    Umthelela ophazamisayo

    NgoMashi 2022, ososayensi baseSalk Institute eCalifornia kanye neSan Diego Altos Institute bavuselela ngempumelelo izicubu kumagundane aneminyaka ephakathi besebenzisa uhlobo lokwelapha ngofuzo, okuphakamisa ithemba lokwelashwa okungahlehlisa inqubo yokuguga komuntu. Abacwaningi bathathele ocwaningweni lwangaphambili lukaSolwazi Shinya Yamanaka owazuza umklomelo kaNobel, oluveze ukuthi inhlanganisela yama-molecule amane aziwa ngokuthi yi-Yamanaka factor angavuselela amangqamuzana asebekhulile futhi awaguqule abe ama-stem cells akwazi ukukhiqiza cishe noma yisiphi izicubu emzimbeni.

    Abacwaningi bathola ukuthi lapho amagundane amadala (alingana neminyaka engu-80 ubudala) ephathwa inyanga eyodwa, kwaba nomthelela omncane. Kodwa-ke, lapho amagundane ephathwa izinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10, kusukela lapho esenezinyanga ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-15 ubudala (cishe iminyaka engu-35 kuya ku-50 kubantu), ayefana nezilwane ezincane (isb., isikhumba nezinso, ikakhulukazi, ezibonisa izimpawu zokuvuselela. ).

    Kodwa-ke, ukuphinda ucwaningo kubantu kuzoba nzima kakhulu ngoba amangqamuzana omuntu amelana kakhulu noshintsho, okungenzeka enze inqubo ingasebenzi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa izici ze-Yamanaka ukuvuselela abantu asebekhulile kuza nengcuphe yokuthi amaseli ahlelwe kabusha abe yizicucu zezicubu ezinomdlavuza ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-teratomas. Ososayensi bathi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe imithi emisha engahlela kabusha amaseli kancane ngokuphepha nangempumelelo ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke noma yiziphi izivivinyo zomtholampilo zomuntu. Noma kunjalo, okutholakele kwembula ukuthi ngolunye usuku kungase kwenzeke izindlela zokwelapha ezingabambezela noma zihlehlise inqubo yokuguga, okungase kuphumele ekuvimbeleni izifo ezihlobene nobudala, njengomdlavuza, ukubola kwamathambo, kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's.

    Imithelela yokuguqulwa kweminyaka yobudala yokwenziwa

    Imithelela ebanzi yokuguqulwa kweminyaka yobudala ingabandakanya: 

    • Imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ithela izigidigidi ezifundweni zokwenziwa zokuguqula iminyaka ukuze ithuthukise ukuxilonga kanye nemithi yokuvimbela.
    • Abantu benza izinqubo zokuguqula iminyaka eminingi ngale kokufakelwa kwe-stem cell, okuholela emakethe ekhulayo yezinhlelo zokwelapha ezibuyisela emuva iminyaka. Ekuqaleni, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zizofinyeleleka kwabacebile kuphela, kodwa kancane kancane zingafinyeleleka kalula kuwo wonke umphakathi.
    • Imboni ye-skincare isebenzisana nabacwaningi ukuthuthukisa ama-serum amaningi asekelwe isayensi kanye nokhilimu lapho izindawo zezinkinga eziqondiswe kakhulu.
    • Imithetho kahulumeni ocwaningweni lwabantu lokuguqulwa kweminyaka yobudala, ikakhulukazi okwenza izikhungo zocwaningo ziphendule ngokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa.
    • Ubude besikhathi eside bempilo yabantu ngokujwayelekile, njengoba izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza ngempumelelo ezilwa nezifo ezivamile njenge-Alzheimer's, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo sikashukela zitholakala.
    • Ohulumeni abanabantu abaguga ngokushesha abenza izifundo zokuhlaziya izindleko zenzuzo ukuze bahlole ukuthi ingabe kuyabiza yini ukuxhasa izindlela zokwelapha ezibuyisela emuva iminyaka yabantu babo ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabantu abadala futhi kugcinwe iphesenti elikhulu lalesi sibalo sikhiqiza kakhulu kubasebenzi. .

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Izindlela zokwelapha zokwenziwa zokuguqula iminyaka zingadala kanjani ukuhlukana komphakathi namasiko?
    • Iyiphi enye indlela lokhu kuthuthukiswa okungathinta ngayo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo eminyakeni ezayo?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

    Izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ezidumile nezikhungo zibhekiselwe kulo mbono:

    WaseHarvard Medical School Ibuyisela emuva Iwashi