Amandla enuzi e-Next-Gen avela njengendlela engase ibe nokuphepha

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 13, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Naphezu kokukhathazeka kwawo okwedlule kanye nomphakathi, amandla enuzi alindele uguquko, nemizamo yemboni egxile ekuwenzeni umthombo wamandla ophephile futhi osebenza kahle kakhudlwana. Intuthuko efana nama-modular reactors amancane kanye neziphehli zikasawoti ezincibilikisiwe ziyaqhutshwa, ezingenza amandla enuzi afinyeleleke kalula, kuyilapho kubhekwana nodaba osekunesikhathi eside lukhona lokulawulwa kwemfucuza yenuzi. Imithelela ebanzi yalokhu kuthuthuka isukela ekunikezeni amandla okusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano, izimboni, kanye nabathengi, kuya ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi amasha kanye nokuba nomthelela ezinguqukweni zezinqubomgomo zezamandla zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe.

I-Next-gen nuclear energy content

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, amandla enuzi aye abhekana nombono womphakathi, inkinga ekhuliswa izenzakalo eziyinhlekelele njengalezo zaseChernobyl naseFukushima. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, abahlanganyeli abaningi bemboni bayaqhubeka nokubona amandla kulo mthombo wamandla, ikakhulukazi njengenye indlela esikhundleni sezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi eziyingozi kakhulu emvelweni. Esinye sezici ezikhangayo zamandla enuzi yikhono lawo lokukhiqiza amandla ngaphandle kokukhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, izindaba zokuphepha kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza yenuzi kube nomthelela embonweni ongemuhle ngalo mthombo wamandla.

Embulungeni yonke, izimboni eziningi zamandla enuzi sezisondela ekupheleni kwempilo yazo yokusebenza, futhi kubonakala sengathi ukushintshwa akwakhiwa ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuze kugcinwe umthamo wamanje. Lo mkhuba uphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nekusasa lokukhiqizwa kwamandla, nokuthi singakugcina kanjani ukutholakala okwanele ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu emithonjeni ebamba ikhabhoni. Imizamo eminingi iyaqhubeka yokunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene namandla enuzi nokwenza kube enye indlela esebenza kangcono.

Kusabhekwa izindlela ezintsha zokwenza amandla enuzi aphephe futhi alawuleke. Isibonelo, abahlanganyeli bemboni basebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zamandla enuzi ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo ezincane, ezisetshenziswa ngedijithali, futhi zakhiwe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kwandiswe ukuphepha. Ukwengeza, izindlela ezintsha zokugcina noma zokusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza evela ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi ezingasasebenzi ziyahlolwa. Phakathi kwentuthuko ethokozisayo kukhona ama-modular reactors amancane (ama-SMR), anikeza enye indlela ephephile neyingozi kakhulu kuma-reactor endabuko, kanye nentshisekelo evuselelwe kumareactor kasawoti ancibilikisiwe. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ama-SMR, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi, angenza amandla enuzi afinyeleleke kalula emazweni nasemiphakathini okungenzeka ukuthi yathola ukutshalwa kwezimali nengqalasizinda yezimboni zamandla enuzi ezivamile inzima. Ngokunciphisa isikhathi nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kusungulwe indawo entsha yokuphehla ugesi, ama-SMR angenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi ababambiqhaza abahlukahlukene abahlukahlukene babambe iqhaza ekuphehleni amandla enuzi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kuhlukanise ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, kunikeze amabhizinisi amancane ukulawula okwengeziwe emithonjeni yawo yamandla.

Ukwethulwa kweziphehlisi zikasawoti ezincibilikisiwe, ezisebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile lukaphethiloli futhi ezingasebenza ngokuqhubekayo, kuletha isithembiso esengeziwe sekusasa lamandla enuzi. Ikhono lalezi ziphehlimandla lokusebenzisa kancane kancane imfucuza yenuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lingasiza ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulu okuhlobene namandla enuzi: ukuphathwa kwemfucuza yenuzi. Ngenxa yalokho, umbono mayelana namandla enuzi ungabona ushintsho olukhulu, lube yisixazululo sokulawulwa kwemfucuza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla.

Kwelinye igxathu elibheke ezokuphepha, abanye ababambiqhaza bamatasatasa ekwakhiweni kukaphethiloli okungenzeka mancane ukuthi ashise ngokweqile, okunciphise nezingozi zezingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokuhlola amandla okusebenzisa udoti okhipha imisebe ogqunywe ezakhiweni zedayimane njengomthombo wamandla. Uma iphumelela, le mizamo inganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi obuhlobene namandla enuzi, ikwenze kube inketho ephephile. 

Imithelela yesizukulwane esilandelayo samandla enuzi

Imithelela ebanzi yamandla enuzi esizukulwaneni esilandelayo ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukunikeza amandla kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwezohwebo nezimboni, futhi ezingeni labathengi.
• Inikela kungxube yamandla angenayo i-carbon, kanye navuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya.
• Ukwenza izindawo zamandla enuzi ziphephe ukusebenza nokusebenza kuzo.
• Imboni entsha edala amathuba emisebenzi ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ubunjiniyela, kanye nokunakekela, ukuthuthukisa imakethe yezabasebenzi kanye nezidingo zamakhono ezobuchwepheshe.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwama-reactor amancane, asebenza kahle kakhulu okuvumela imiphakathi yendawo kanye namazwe amancane ukuthi akhiqize amandla awo ngokuzimela, okunomthelela ekuguquguqukeni kwamandla e-geopolitical.
• Izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zamandla zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe, eziqondisa ukugudluka emithonjeni yamandla asebenzisa i-carbon eningi ukuya kweminye enekhabhoni ephansi.
• Izintengo zamandla ezehlisiwe kubathengi, okunomthelela ekukhululekeni kwezomnotho ezindlini namabhizinisi.
• Imiphakathi ehlala eduze kwezindawo zokuphehla amandla enuzi ejabulela ikhwalithi yempilo ethuthukisiwe ngenxa yezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe kanye nengozi encishisiwe.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezintsha, ungafunda ukubona amandla enuzi njengendlela ephephile? 
• Iluphi uhlelo lwesizukulwane esilandelayo lwamandla enuzi okholwa ukuthi luzoveza impendulo eyakhayo?