Isitoreji samanzi esimpontshwa: I-Revolutionizing Hydro powerplants

ISIKWELETU SESITHOMBE:
Isikweletu sezithombe
iStock

Isitoreji samanzi esimpontshwa: I-Revolutionizing Hydro powerplants

Isitoreji samanzi esimpontshwa: I-Revolutionizing Hydro powerplants

Umbhalo wesihlokwana
Ukusebenzisa izimbuzi zezimayini zamalahle ezivaliwe kumasistimu okugcina amanzi ampontshwayo kungaletha amazinga aphezulu okugcina amandla, kunikeze indlela entsha yokugcina amandla.
    • About the Author:
    • Igama lomlobi
      I-Quantumrun Foresight
    • July 11, 2022

    Isifinyezo sokuqonda

    Ukuguqula izimayini zamalahle ezindala zibe amabhethri esikali sezimboni kusetshenziswa indawo yokugcina amanzi empontshwa (i-PHS) kuyinkambiso ekhulayo e-China, ehlinzeka ngesixazululo esiyingqayizivele sokugcina amandla kanye nokuphehla ugesi. Le ndlela, nakuba ithembisa ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwegridi nokweseka imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ibhekene nezinselele ezifana namanzi ane-asidi angalimaza ingqalasizinda. Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izimayini ezivaliwe ukuze kugcinwe amandla kagesi akusizi nje kuphela ekwehliseni ukuncika kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kodwa futhi kuvuselela umnotho wendawo ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi nokukhuthaza izinqubo zamandla esimeme.

    Umongo wesitoreji samanzi esimpontshiwe

    Ososayensi base-China's Chongqing University kanye nefemu yokutshala izimali yaseShayina i-Shaanxi Investment Group bazama ukusebenzisa izimbuzi zemayini yamalahle (ingxenye yemayini lapho amaminerali akhishwe ngokuphelele noma akhishwa kakhulu) ukuze asebenze njengamabhethri angangemboni. Lezi zimayini zingasebenza njengamathangi okugcina angaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba ezikimu zokugcinwa kwamanzi ampontshwayo futhi zixhunywe kumaphrojekthi amakhulu elanga nomoya.

    Amaphrojekthi we-Pumped hydro storage (PHS) athutha amanzi phakathi kwamadamu amabili ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene ukuze agcine futhi adale ugesi. Ugesi oweqile usetshenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi ngesikhathi lapho ugesi usetshenziswa kancane, njengasebusuku noma ngezimpelasonto. Uma kunesidingo esikhulu samandla, amanzi agciniwe adedelwa ngezinjini zomoya njengesitshalo esivamile samanzi, ageleza ehle esuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi eya edamini eliphansi, ephehla ugesi. I-turbine ingasetshenziswa futhi njengephampu ukuhambisa amanzi phezulu.
     
    Ngokophenyo lwenyuvesi kanye nenhlangano yabatshalizimali, izimayini zamalahle ezivaliwe ezingu-3,868 e-China zicatshangelwa ukuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe njengezinhlelo zokugcina amanzi ampontshwayo. Ukulingisa kusetshenziswa le modeli kuveze ukuthi imboni ye-pumped-hydro eyakhelwe emayini yamalahle ephelile ingathola ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu kwamaphesenti angama-82.8. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla alawulwayo angama-2.82 kilowatts per cubic meter angakhiqizwa. Inselele enkulu amazinga e-pH aphansi kulezi zimayini, ngamanzi ane-asidi anamandla okuguguleka izingxenye zezitshalo futhi akhiphe ama-ion ensimbi noma izinsimbi ezisindayo ezingase zidale umonakalo ezakhiweni ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi zingcolise nemithombo yamanzi eseduze.

    Umthelela Ophazamisayo

    Abasebenzi bakagesi baya ngokuya bebheka i-PHS njengesixazululo esisebenzayo sokulinganisa amagridi kagesi. Lobu buchwepheshe bubaluleka ikakhulukazi lapho imithombo evuselelekayo efana namandla omoya namandla elanga inganele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo. Ngokugcina amandla engeziwe ngesimo samanzi endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, i-PHS ivumela ukuphehlwa kukagesi okusheshayo lapho kudingeka, okusebenza njengesivimbeli ngokumelene nokushoda kwamandla. Leli khono livumela ukusetshenziswa okungaguquki nokuthembekile kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, okwenza amandla elanga nawomoya abe lula njengemithombo kagesi eyinhloko.

    Ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-PHS nakho kungaba yinzuzo kwezomnotho, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamadamu emvelo akhona noma izimayini ezingasasetshenziswa. Ukusebenzisa lezi zakhiwo ezikhona kungabiza kakhulu kunokuthengwa okukhulu kwamabhethri egridi yezimboni. Le ndlela yokusebenzela ayigcini nje ngokusiza ekugcineni amandla kodwa futhi ifaka isandla ekusimameni kwemvelo ngokuhlenga kabusha izindawo zezimboni ezindala, njengezimayini zamalahle, ngezinhloso zamandla aluhlaza. Ngenxa yalokho, ohulumeni nezinkampani zamandla bangakwazi ukwandisa ingqalasizinda yabo kagesi ngezindleko eziphansi zezimali nezemvelo, kuyilapho futhi kukhuliswe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla endawo kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.

    Ukwengeza, izifunda ezihlangabezane nokuwohloka komnotho ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezimayini zamalahle zingase zithole amathuba amasha emkhakheni we-PHS. Ulwazi nobuchwepheshe obukhona babasebenzi bendawo, abajwayelene nesakhiwo nemayini, buba wusizo olukhulu kulolu shintsho. Lolu shintsho alugcini nje ngokudala amathuba omsebenzi kodwa futhi lusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kubuchwepheshe bamandla aluhlaza, okunomthelela ekuvuselelweni okubanzi komnotho. 

    Imithelela yamaphrojekthi okugcinwa kwamanzi okumpontshwa

    Imithelela ebanzi yokuphinda kusetshenziswe izimayini ezivaliwe kanye namadamu emvelo endaweni yokugcina amanzi ampontshiwe ingase ihlanganise:

    • Ukwehlisa izindleko zengqalasizinda yamandla avuselelekayo ezifundeni ezithile, okwenza imiphakathi eminingi ikwazi ukuthola amandla aluhlaza athengekayo.
    • Ukuguqula izindawo zezimayini ezingasetshenziswanga zibe yimpahla yezomnotho, ukukhiqiza imisebenzi kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezindaweni zendawo.
    • Ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwamagridi kagesi athembele emandleni avuselelekayo, ukunciphisa ukucisha kukagesi kanye nokuphazamiseka.
    • Ukukhuthaza ukushintshwa kwezinqubomgomo zamandla kuzinqubo ezizinzile, ezithonya ukugxila kukahulumeni emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo.
    • Ukwenza kube lula ukwehla kokuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okuholela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nekhwalithi yomoya ethuthukisiwe.
    • Ukudala izinhlelo ezintsha zokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi egxile kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, ukukhuthaza abasebenzi abanamakhono emikhakheni yezemvelo.
    • Ukukhuthaza ukwabiwa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukunika amandla imiphakathi yasendaweni ukuthi iphathe futhi izuze emithonjeni yayo yamandla.
    • Ukwandisa intshisekelo yabathengi emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo, okungase kuholele ekwenyukeni kokutshalwa kwezimali okuluhlaza kanye nemikhiqizo.
    • Ukubhebhethekisa izimpikiswano mayelana nokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo, okunomthelela emithethweni yesikhathi esizayo kanye nemibono yomphakathi kumaphrojekthi amakhulu wamandla.
    • Imibhikisho engase ibe khona yezishoshovu zezemvelo ngokumelene nokuguqulwa kwezimayini ezindala, eqhutshwa ukukhathazeka ngokungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo.

    Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

    • Yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zengqalasizinda ezilahliwe okholelwa ukuthi zingaphinde zisetshenziswe kumaphrojekthi okugcina amanzi ampontshwayo? 
    • Ingabe izimayini zesikhathi esizayo (zazo zonke izinhlobo, okuhlanganisa igolide, i-cobalt, i-lithium, njll.) zizoklanywa kucatshangelwa ukuphinda kwenziwe kabusha esikhathini esizayo?

    Izinkomba zokuqonda

    Izixhumanisi ezilandelayo ezidumile nezikhungo zibhekiselwe kulo mbono:

    I-National Hydropower Association (NHA) ISITOREJI ESIPHONYWAYO