Ukuqinisekisa idatha eputshuziwe: Ukubaluleka kokuvikela ababi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 16, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Kube khona ukuputshuka kwedatha okunephrofayili ephezulu kanye namacala amabi aphikisana nenkohlakalo nemisebenzi engalungile, kodwa awekho amazinga omhlaba okubusa ukuthi lokhu kuputshuka kwedatha kufanele kushicilelwe kanjani. Nokho, lolu phenyo lubonakale luwusizo ekudaluleni amanethiwekhi angekho emthethweni abacebile nabanamandla.

Iqinisekisa okuqukethwe kwedatha eputshuziwe

Izinhlobonhlobo zezisusa zakha izikhuthazo zokuvuza idatha ebucayi. Esinye isisusa esopolitiki, lapho amazwe ezizwe egqekeza amasistimu enhlangano ukuze adalule ulwazi olubucayi ukuze adale isiphithiphithi noma aphazamise izinsiza. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezivame kakhulu lapho idatha ishicilelwa khona ngezinqubo zokubizela phansi kanye nobuntatheli obuphenyayo. 

Elinye lamacala akamuva okushaywa ngamakhwelo wubufakazi bango-2021 bososayensi wangaphambili wedatha ye-Facebook uFrances Haugen. Ngesikhathi ethula ubufakazi eSigele sase-US, u-Haugen waveza ukuthi ama-algorithms angalungile asetshenziswa inkampani yezokuxhumana ukutshala uqhekeko futhi ibe nomthelela omubi ezinganeni. Nakuba u-Haugen engeyena isisebenzi sokuqala sangaphambili se-Facebook ukukhuluma ngokumelene nenkundla yezokuxhumana, ugqama njengofakazi onamandla nokholisayo. Ulwazi lwakhe olunzulu ngokusebenza kwenkampani kanye nemibhalo esemthethweni yenza i-akhawunti yakhe ikholweke nakakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, izinqubo zokubika zingaba inkimbinkimbi, futhi akukacaci ukuthi ubani ozolawula ulwazi olushicilelwayo. Ukwengeza, izinhlangano ezahlukene, ama-ejensi, nezinkampani zinemihlahlandlela yazo yokubika. Isibonelo, i-Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN) inezinqubo zayo ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela idatha eputshuziwe kanye nolwazi lwangaphakathi. 

Ezinye zezinyathelo ezifakwe kuzinkombandlela zenhlangano zivikela ukungaziwa kwemithombo lapho iceliwe futhi iqinisekisa idatha endaweni yokubuka intshisekelo yomphakathi hhayi ukuze kuzuze wena. Amadokhumenti oqobo namasethi edatha ayakhuthazwa ukuthi ashicilelwe ewonke uma kuphephile ukwenza kanjalo. Okokugcina, i-GIJN incoma ngokuqinile ukuthi izintatheli zizinike isikhathi sokuqonda ngokugcwele izinhlaka zokulawula ezivikela ulwazi oluyimfihlo nemithombo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Unyaka ka-2021 kwakuyinkathi yemibiko eminingana eputshuziwe yedatha eyethusa umhlaba. NgoJuni, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo i-ProPublica ishicilele idatha ye-Internal Revenue Services (IRS) yamanye amadoda acebe kakhulu e-US, okuhlanganisa u-Jeff Bezos, u-Bill Gates, u-Elon Musk, no-Warren Buffet. Embikweni wayo, i-ProPublica iphinde yakhuluma ngobuqiniso bomthombo. Inhlangano imile kwelokuthi ayimazi umuntu othumele amafayela e-IRS, futhi i-ProPublica ayizange icele ulwazi. Noma kunjalo, lo mbiko wavusa isithakazelo esivuselelwe ekuguqulweni kwentela.

Khonamanjalo, ngoSepthemba 2021, iqembu lezintatheli eziyisishoshovu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-DDoSecrets likhiphe idatha ye-imeyili nengxoxo evela eqenjini lezempi elikude kwesokudla i-Oath Keepers, elihlanganisa imininingwane yamalungu kanye nabanikelayo kanye nokuxhumana. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Oath Keepers kwaqina ngemuva kokuhlasela kukaJanuwari 6, 2021 e-US Capitol, nenqwaba yamalungu okukholakala ukuthi ayabandakanyeka. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka lesi sidubedube, amalungu eqembu le-Oath Keepers kuthiwa axoxisane ngokuvikela omele i-Texas uRonny Jackson ngemiyalezo, ngokusho kwemibhalo yasenkantolo eshicilelwe.

Kwathi ngo-Okthoba 2021, i-International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ)—inhlangano efanayo eyadalula iLuanda Leaks nePanama Papers—yamemezela uphenyo lwayo lwakamuva olubizwa ngePandora Papers. Lo mbiko udalule ukuthi abahlonishwayo emhlabeni wonke basebenzisa kanjani uhlelo lwezezimali oluyisithunzi ukufihla ingcebo yabo, njengokusebenzisa ama-akhawunti aphesheya kwezilwandle ukuze bagweme intela.

Imithelela yokuqinisekisa idatha eputshuziwe

Imithelela ebanzi yokuqinisekisa idatha eputshuziwe ingase ihlanganise: 

• Izintatheli ziya ngokuya ziqeqeshelwa ukuqonda izinqubomgomo nezinhlaka zomhlaba jikelele nezesifunda.
• Ohulumeni bayaqhubeka nokubuyekeza izinqubomgomo zabo zokukhuluma ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bathwebula isimo sedijithali esishintsha njalo, okuhlanganisa nendlela yokubethela imilayezo nedatha.
• Imibiko yedatha eputshuziwe eyengeziwe egxile emisebenzini yezezimali yabantu abacebile nabanamandla, okuholela emithethweni eqinile emelene nokushushumbiswa kwemali.
• Izinkampani nosopolitiki abasebenzisana nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe be-cybersecurity ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi idatha yabo ebucayi ivikelekile noma ingasuswa ukude njengoba kudingeka.
• Ukwanda kwezehlakalo ze-hacktivism, lapho amavolontiya angena ngesinyenyela ezinhlelweni zezinkampani ukuze adalule imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Ama-hacktivist athuthukile angase akhiqize amasistimu obuhlakani bokwenziwa aklanyelwe ukungena ngamanethiwekhi aqondiwe futhi asabalalise idatha entshontshiwe kumanethiwekhi ezintatheli ngesilinganiso.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yimiphi eminye yemibiko yedatha eputshuziwe osanda kuyifunda noma ukuyilandela?
• Ingaqinisekiswa kanjani futhi idatha eputshuziwe ukuze kuzuze umphakathi?