Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nempilo yomphakathi: Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubangela impilo yabantu engcupheni emhlabeni wonke

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• June 28, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu ngenxa yoshintsho lwezemvelo sisendleleni yokuqinisa izinkinga ezikhona zempilo kuyilapho sibangela ezintsha, nemiphumela engase ibambe ohulumeni bengalindele. Njengoba lezi zinguquko zisongela ukuphila kwasemaphandleni ngenxa yesomiso kanye nokuncipha kwenani lezinhlanzi, abantu abaningi bathuthela emadolobheni, beshintsha izitayela zokufuduka. Isimo sezulu esiqhubekayo kulindeleke ukuthi sandise izikhathi zonyaka zezifo ezithathelwanayo, zidale ubungozi bezempilo kanye nezinselelo ezengeziwe.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu umongo wezempilo yomphakathi

Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kanye nezinguquko zemvelo zingalimaza izinkinga zamanje zempilo yabantu futhi zibangele ezintsha. Ohulumeni bangase babhekane nezinselele zempilo ezikhulayo esikhathini esizayo okungenzeka babengazibikezeli emashumini eminyaka adlule. Abacwaningi beWorld Health Organisation (WHO) baveze ukuthi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangu-250,000 ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2030 no-2050.

Izingozi zemvelo nezimo zempilo ezinjengokuphelelwa ukushisa, indlala, isifo sohudo, nomalaleveva zingase zande kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungase kuqhubekisele phambili amaphethini amasha okufuduka. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni (abathwele kanzima ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngenxa yengqalasizinda elinganiselwe) baya ngokuya befudukela emadolobheni njengoba izimpilo zabo zezolimo ziba zimbi ngenxa yesomiso nokuncipha kwemithombo yezinhlanzi.

Ngokombiko we-WHO wango-Okthoba 2021, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kulindeleke ukuthi kwandise izifo ezithwalwa izinambuzane nezifo ezibangelwa amanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungandisa izinkathi zonyaka lapho izinambuzane zisakaza izifo futhi zinganweba indawo yezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe afana ne-United States (US) angase abhekane nezifo nezifo ezibangelwa amanzi kanye nezinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko emaphethini emvula zingase zinyuse ingozi yokutheleleka ngamanzi kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo zohudo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ohulumeni abaningi sebebubonile ubungozi bokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, amazwe emhlabeni wonke asebenzisa izindlela zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, njengokushintsha umnotho wawo emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezithuthi ezihamba ngamabhethri njengezimoto zikagesi nezitimela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu kunomthelela kusayizi wesivuno, okuthinta ukutholakala kokudla okuphelele. Ngenxa yalokhu, amanani okudla angase enyuke ngenxa yokwenyuka kokushoda, okuholela ekutheni abantu badle ukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kancane kancane. Imikhuba yokudla engemihle ingabangela indlala, ukungondleki, noma ukukhuluphala, okwandisa ingcindezi ezinhlelweni zezempilo zikazwelonke njengoba lezi zimo ziholela ekubeni abantu abaningi badinge ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda okubikezelwe kokhula nezilokazane kungase kuphoqe abalimi ukuba basebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane ezinamandla kakhulu nezibulala izinambuzane, ezingangcolisa amaketanga okudla futhi ziholele ekubeni abantu badle amakhemikhali anobuthi uma lezi zibulala-zinambuzane zisetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele.

Inhlanganisela yokushisa okudlulele kanye nekhwalithi yomoya engemihle ingase ibe yimbi kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isifuba somoya, ukwehluleka kwezinso, nokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngeminyaka yawo-2030, kuya ngobunzima bemithelela yempilo yabantu ebangelwa yisimo sezulu, ohulumeni bangase bethule imithetho evimbelayo ekhulayo yokulawula imisebenzi yezimboni ezikhiqiza ikhabhoni noma bakhulise izinhlawulo ezikhokhelwa izinkampani eziphula umthetho uma zeqa imikhawulo yazo yokukhipha isikhutha. 

Imithelela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu empilweni yomphakathi kazwelonke

Imithelela ebanzi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ethinta impilo yomphakathi ingabandakanya:

• Izinkampani ezithaka imithi ezithola ukwenyuka kwenzuzo njengoba zithola isidingo esikhulayo sohlu lwemithi nokwelashwa kwezifo ezivamile ezithonywa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
• Ukwakhiwa kwenkambu ye-niche ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okugxile kakhulu ekufundeni imithelela yezempilo ebangelwa yisimo sezulu.
• Ukuthuthela kwabantu abaningi emazweni asenyakatho anesimo sezulu esizinzile esinomoya wokungenisa izihambi empilweni yabantu.
• Amapulazi amaningi amile athuthukiswa yizinkampani kanye nosomabhizinisi njengezimo zezulu ezimbi zenza kube nzima ukwenza ezolimo ngaphandle. 
• Ukwenyuka kwamanani okudla okuholela ekwenyukeni kokungazinzi kwezepolitiki kanye nezibhelu zomphakathi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka emhlabeni jikelele.
• Izinkampani zomshwalense zilungisa izinqubomgomo zazo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukubhekana nezifo ezibangelwa yisimo sezulu. 

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali ohulumeni abangakwenza ukuze basize abantu babo bazivumelanise noma banciphise kakhulu imiphumela emibi yezempilo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?
• Iyiphi indima izakhamuzi ezingaba nayo ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya?