Amaphoyisa aqagelayo: Ukuvimbela ubugebengu noma ukuqinisa ukuchema?

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 25, 2023

Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-artificial intelligence (AI) ukuze kuhlonzwe amaphethini obugebengu futhi kuphakanyiswe izinketho zokungenelela ukuze kuvinjwe umsebenzi wobugebengu wesikhathi esizayo kungaba indlela entsha ethembisayo yama-ejensi aqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa komthetho. Ngokuhlaziya idatha efana nemibiko yobugebengu, amarekhodi amaphoyisa, nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene, ama-algorithms angakwazi ukuhlonza amaphethini namathrendi okungenzeka kube nzima kubantu ukukubona. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI ekuvimbeleni ubugebengu kuphakamisa imibuzo ethile ebalulekile yokuziphatha nesebenzayo. 

Umongo wokubikezela wamaphoyisa

Amaphoyisa aqagelayo asebenzisa izibalo zobugebengu basendaweni kanye ne-algorithms yokubikezela lapho kungenzeka khona ubugebengu ngokulandelayo. Abanye abahlinzeki bamaphoyisa abaqagelayo baye baphinde balungisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze babikezele ukuzamazama komhlaba okulandelanayo ukuze bakhombe izindawo lapho amaphoyisa okufanele eqaphe khona ukuze anqande ubugebengu. Ngaphandle “kwezindawo ezishisayo,” ubuchwepheshe busebenzisa idatha yendawo yokuboshwa ukuhlonza uhlobo lomuntu okungenzeka enze ubugebengu. 

Umhlinzeki wesoftware yamaphoyisa aqagelayo azinze e-US, i-Geolitica (phambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-PredPol), ubuchwepheshe bayo okwamanje obusetshenziswa izinhlangano ezimbalwa zomthetho, uthi basuse ingxenye yomjaho kumasethi abo edatha ukuze kuqedwe ukusetshenziswa kwamaphoyisa ngokweqile kwabantu bemibala. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo ezizimele ezenziwe yiwebhusayithi yezobuchwepheshe i-Gizmodo kanye nenhlangano yocwaningo I-Citizen Lab ithole ukuthi ama-algorithms empeleni aqinisa ukuchema emiphakathini esengozini.

Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwamaphoyisa olwasebenzisa i-algorithm ukuze lubikezele ukuthi ubani osengozini yokuhileleka ebugebengwini obuhlobene nezibhamu lwabhekana nokugxekwa ngemva kokuvezwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-85 alabo abahlonzwe njengabanezingozi eziphakeme kwakungamadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika, amanye anezibalo eziyingozi kakhulu. alikho irekhodi lobugebengu langaphambilini. Lolu hlelo, olubizwa nge-Strategic Subject List, lwacutshungulwa ngo-2017 lapho abakwaChicago Sun-Times bethola futhi bashicilela imininingwane yohlu. Lesi sigameko sibonisa amathuba okwenzelela ekusebenziseni i-AI ekugcinweni komthetho kanye nokubaluleka kokucabangela ngokucophelela ubungozi obungaba khona kanye nemiphumela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Kunezinzuzo ezithile zomsebenzi wamaphoyisa aqagelayo uma kwenziwa kahle. Ukuvimbela ubugebengu kuyinzuzo enkulu, njengoba kuqinisekiswe uMnyango Wamaphoyisa e-Los Angeles, othe ama-algorithms abo aholele ekwehleni kwamaphesenti angama-19 okugqekeza ezindaweni ezikhonjiwe. Enye inzuzo ukwenza izinqumo okusekelwe ezinombolweni, lapho idatha inquma amaphethini, hhayi ukuchema kwabantu. 

Kodwa-ke, abagxeki bagcizelela ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi lawa madathasethi atholakala eminyangweni yamaphoyisa endawo, enomlando wokubopha abantu abaningi bebala (ikakhulukazi abase-Afrika-baseMelika kanye namaLatin America), amaphethini avele agqamise ukuchema okukhona kule miphakathi. Ngokocwaningo luka-Gizmodo kusetshenziswa idatha evela ku-Geolitica kanye nezikhungo ezimbalwa zomthetho, izibikezelo ze-Geolitica zilingisa amaphethini empilo yangempela okwenziwa amaphoyisa ngokweqile nokuhlonza imiphakathi yabaNsundu neyaseLatino, ngisho nabantu abaphakathi kwala maqembu abangenawo amarekhodi okuboshwa. 

Izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi zizwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamaphoyisa aqagelayo ngaphandle kokubusa okufanele kanye nezinqubomgomo zokulawula. Abanye baye baphikisa ngokuthi “idatha engcolile” (izibalo ezitholwe ngenkohlakalo nezenzo ezingekho emthethweni) isetshenziswa ngemva kwalawa ma-algorithms, futhi ama-ejensi awasebenzisayo afihla lokhu kuchema “nge-tech-washing” (ethi lobu buchwepheshe buwumgomo ngoba nje abukho. ukungenelela kwabantu).

Okunye ukugxekwa okubhekene namaphoyisa aqagelayo ukuthi kuvame ukuba nzima ngomphakathi ukuthi uqonde ukuthi lawa ma-algorithms asebenza kanjani. Lokhu kuntuleka kokubeka izinto obala kungenza kube nzima ukubamba izikhungo zokugcinwa komthetho ziphendule ngezinqumo ezizenzayo ngokusekelwe ekuqaguleni kwalezi zinhlelo. Ngokunjalo, izinhlangano eziningi zamalungelo abantu zifuna ukuthi kuvalwe ubuchwepheshe bamaphoyisa obuqagelayo, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso. 

Imithelela yamaphoyisa aqagelayo

Imithelela ebanzi yokuqagela umsebenzi wamaphoyisa ingase ihlanganise:

• Amalungelo omphakathi kanye namaqembu acwaswayo anxenxa futhi ahlehlela emuva ngokumelene nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamaphoyisa aqagelayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemiphakathi yemibala.
• Ingcindezi yokuthi uhulumeni abeke inqubomgomo yokwengamela noma umnyango ukuze kukhawulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamaphoyisa okuqagela kusetshenziswa kanjani. Umthetho wesikhathi esizayo ungase uphoqe ama-ejensi wamaphoyisa ukuthi asebenzise idatha yokuhlonza isakhamuzi engachemi ephuma ezinkampanini zangaphandle ezigunyazwe uhulumeni ukuqeqesha ama-algorithms azo okuqagela amaphoyisa.
• Ama-ejensi amaningi okuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa komthetho emhlabeni wonke athembele ohlotsheni oluthile lwamaphoyisa aqagelayo ukuze ahambisane namasu abo okugada.
• Ohulumeni abagunyaziwe abasebenzisa izinguqulo ezilungisiwe zalawa ma-algorithms ukubikezela nokuvimbela imibhikisho yezakhamizi nezinye iziphazamiso zomphakathi.
• Amazwe amaningi avimbela ubuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso ezikhungweni zabo zomthetho ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyandayo evela emphakathini.
• Ukwenyuka kwamacala abhekene nezinhlangano zamaphoyisa ngokusebenzisa kabi ama-algorithms aholele ekuboshweni okungekho emthethweni noma okuyiphutha.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe amaphoyisa aqagelayo?
• Ucabanga ukuthi ama-algorithms wamaphoyisa aqagelayo azoyishintsha kanjani indlela ubulungiswa obusetshenziswa ngayo?