Ukuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile: Isixazululo sezobuchwepheshe sabagula ngengqondo

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• Kwangathi 6, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-Deep brain stimulation (DBS), ubuchwepheshe obuhilela ukufakelwa kobuchopho ukuze kulawuleke ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali, kubonisa isithembiso ekuthuthukiseni ukuphila kahle kwengqondo nokuvimbela ukuzilimaza. Ubuchwepheshe busezigabeni zokuqala zocwaningo, kanye nocwaningo lwakamuva oluhlola ukusebenza kahle kwalo ekwelapheni ukudangala okukhulu, futhi bungadonsa ukunakwa kubatshalizimali ngokubuka amandla abo. Kodwa-ke, futhi kuletha ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha okungathi sína, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kabi okungaba khona yimibuso enegunya, futhi kudinga izinhlaka eziqinile zokulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthunyelwa okuphephile nokuziphatha okuhle.

Umongo wokuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile

Ukuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile (DBS) kuhilela ukufaka ama-electrode ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho. Lawa ma-electrode abe esekhiqiza amasignali kagesi angalawula amandla obuchopho angavamile noma athinte amangqamuzana athile namakhemikhali ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngoJanuwari 2021-oluholwa nguKatherine Scangos, uprofesa osizayo eMnyangweni Wezengqondo Nesayensi Yokuziphatha, kanye nozakwabo eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eSan Francisco-bahlonze imiphumela yokukhuthazwa okumnene kwezifunda ezihlukahlukene zobuchopho ezihlobene nemizwa endaweni. isiguli esihlushwa ukucindezeleka okungazweli ekwelashweni. Ukukhuthazwa kwasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu ezihlukahlukene zesimo sesiguli, kuhlanganise nokukhathazeka, kanye nokuthuthukisa amazinga esiguli amandla nokujabulela imisebenzi evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzuzo zokuvuselela izindawo ezihlukahlukene zahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sengqondo sesiguli.
 
Ngalolu cwaningo, abacwaningi benza imephu yokujikeleza kobuchopho besiguli esicindezelekile. Ithimba labacwaningi labe selinquma izinkomba zebhayoloji ezibonisa ukuqala kwezimpawu futhi lafaka umshini oletha ukukhuthazwa kagesi okugxilile. I-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inikeze abacwaningi ukukhululwa kokuhlola ngokufakelwa abakusebenzisa, okubizwa ngokuthi idivayisi ye-NeuroPace. Nokho, idivayisi ayizange igunyazwe ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelapha ukucindezeleka. Ukwelashwa kucwaningwa ngokuyinhloko njengendlela yokwelapha okungenzeka kubantu abacindezelekile kakhulu, abamelana nezinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa futhi abasengozini enkulu yokuzibulala.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ubuchwepheshe be-DBS busemgwaqeni wokuheha ukunakwa okubalulekile kubatshalizimali kanye nonxiwankulu bebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi uma uvivinyo lwabantu oluqhubekayo luqhubeka nokukhombisa isithembiso. Ngokugcina ukulingana kwamakhemikhali ebuchosheni, kungase kube ithuluzi elinamandla ekuvimbeleni ukuzilimaza kanye nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungakhuthaza abasebenzi abakhiqiza kakhulu, njengoba abantu bephila impilo eyanelisayo yomuntu siqu neyomsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungena kokutshalwa kwezimali kuzosiza ukuhlola okwengeziwe ezindaweni eziphephile nezilawulwayo, kuvule indlela yobuchwepheshe be-DBS obucwengisiswe kakhudlwana nobuthuthukile.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-DBS buthuthuka, bangase banikeze enye izinsiza zendabuko zokwelapha ingqondo nemithi kadokotela, ikakhulukazi kubantu ababhekene nokudangala. Lokhu kushintshwa kungase kuguqule ngokuyisisekelo isimo sezinkampani ezenza imithi, kuzidonsele amanzi ngomsele ekutshalweni kwezimali kubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa kwezokwelapha kanye neziqalo. Odokotela bengqondo, nabo, bangase bazithole sebejwayela isimo sezwe esishintshayo, befuna imfundo ngobuchwepheshe be-DBS ukuze baqonde lapho kufaneleka ukuncoma ukungenelela okunjalo. Lolu shintsho lumelela ushintsho lwepharadigm olungase lube khona ekunakekelweni kwengqondo, ngokusuka ekwelashweni kwezidakamizwa ukuya ekungeneleleni okuqondile, mhlawumbe okusebenza kahle kakhulu, okuqondise kukhemistri yobuchopho.

Kohulumeni, ukuvela kobuchwepheshe be-DBS kuveza indlela entsha yokukhuthaza impilo nenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, iphinde iveze ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha kanye nezinselelo zokulawula. Abenzi benqubomgomo bangase badinge ukwenza iziqondiso eziqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuziphatha kobuchwepheshe be-DBS, ukulinganisa ukuqamba okusha nesidingo sokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi okungaba khona noma ukuthembela ngokweqile kulokho kungenelela. 

Imithelela yokuvuselela ubuchopho obujulile

Imithelela ebanzi yokushukunyiswa kobuchopho obujulile ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukwanda kwenani leziguli ezilulama ekucindezelekeni ebezikade zingasabeli kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwezinga lempilo yazo.
• Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwamazinga okuzibulala emiphakathini nasezibalweni zabantu eziye zahlangabezana nezigameko eziphezulu ngokomlando njengoba abantu bethola ukufinyelela ekwelapheni okusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezempilo yengqondo.
• Izinkampani ezenza imithi zilolonge kabusha imigqa yazo yomkhiqizo ukuze isebenze ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa kwe-DBS, okungase kuholele ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokwelapha eziyingxube ezithuthukisa kokubili imithi nobuchwepheshe.
• Ohulumeni babeka izindinganiso eziqinile zokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-DBS, baqinisekisa uhlaka oluvikela abasebenzisi ekusetshenzisweni kabi okungaba khona kuyilapho begcina ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kuqala.
• Ubungozi bemibuso yobushiqela esebenzisa i-dDBS ukuthi ilawule abantu bayo ngezinga elikhulu, iveze izinkinga ezingathi sína zokuziphatha kanye namalungelo abantu futhi ezingase ziholele ezingxabanweni nezingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe.
• Ushintsho emakethe yezabasebenzi ngokwehla okungaba khona kwesidingo sodokotela bengqondo kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sochwepheshe abakhethekile ekunakekeleni nasekusebenzeni kobuchwepheshe be-DBS.
• Ukuvela kwamamodeli ebhizinisi amasha emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, lapho izinkampani zingase zinikeze i-DBS njengesevisi, okungenzeka kuholele kumamodeli okubhaliselwe ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokulungiswa kwezimila.
• Ukushintsha kwezibalo zabantu lapho abantu abadala abahlomula ngolwazi lwe-DBS bathuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo nokuphila kahle kwengqondo, okungase kuholele ekwandeni kweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi njengoba abantu bekwazi ukugcina izimpilo zomsebenzi okhiqizayo isikhathi eside.
• Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini ye-DBS eyinkimbinkimbi, engaholela ekuhlanganisweni kobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukubikezela nokuvimbela izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.
• Ukukhathazeka ngemvelo okuvela ekukhiqizeni nasekulahlweni kwemishini ye-DBS.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Yimiphi imiphumela engemihle engenzeka engakatholakali okholelwa ukuthi imithi ye-DBS ingaba nayo ezigulini?
• Ubani okholwa ukuthi uzoba nesibopho futhi athwale icala uma lezi zindlela zokwelapha ze-DBS zibonisa ukuthi ziyingozi empilweni yomuntu?