I-solar yomphakathi: Ukuletha amandla elanga kubantu abaningi

• About the Author:
• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• February 2, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

I-solar yomphakathi ibumba kabusha indawo yamandla ngokunika amandla amakhasimende engeziwe ukuthi afinyelele amandla elanga, ngisho noma bengenaso isikhala esifanelekile sophahla noma benemizi yabo. Le modeli ayinciphisi kuphela izikweletu zamandla ngamunye kanye nezinyathelo zekhabhoni, kodwa futhi ivuselela umnotho wendawo ngokudala amathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo futhi ingenisele ohulumeni basekhaya imali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojekthi omphakathi welanga angasiza ohulumeni ukuthi bahlangabezane nezinhloso zamandla avuselelekayo, bakhuthaze ubudlelwano phakathi komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele, futhi banikeze amandla izakhamizi ukuthi zibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi.

Umongo welanga lomphakathi

Njengoba amakhasimende amaningi akwazi ukuthenga amandla elanga, izinsiza zithola ukuthi i-solar eyabiwe ibavumela ukuthi banwebe amaphothifoliyo abo akhiqiza ilanga, kuyilapho abathuthukisi besebenzisa amandla okushintsha iminikelo yabo yebhizinisi. I-solar yomphakathi iphenduka injini yokukhula yezinsiza zelanga esabalalisiwe ngokuvula inani esigabeni ngasinye sochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ngokombiko we-National Renewable Energy Laboratory ka-2015, cishe amaphesenti angama-75 wendawo yophahla lwase-US ayifanele ukufakwa kwe-solar PV. I-solar yomphakathi, isistimu yelanga engaphandle engabiwa ngabathengi abaningi, inamandla okukhulisa umkhakha wamandla elanga ngaphezu kwemingcele yawo yemvelo.

Izinsiza zikagesi e-US zishaja indlela yazo yokuletha ilanga kumakhasimende azo. Ilanga lomphakathi uhlelo lukagesi welanga nogesi oluletha ugesi kanye/noma inani lezezimali (noma eliphethwe) amalungu omphakathi amaningi, elimele ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuletha ilanga emphakathini. Lezi zinhlelo zenza abathengi abangenazo izindlu zabo, abangenaso isikweletu esihle, noma abangenayo indawo eyanele yophahla lokuthenga ugesi welanga noma, ezimweni ezithile, ukutshala izimali ze-solar.

Izinsiza zikamasipala zisebenzise izinxephezelo zohulumeni wasekhaya kanye nohulumeni wasekhaya ngezindlela ezintsha ukuze kuphothulwe amaphrojekthi elanga ahlanganyelwe. Izinsiza zisebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ukuze ziqhubekele phambili emdlalweni futhi zithwebule izinzuzo ezinikezwa izinsiza zelanga ezihlakazekile kugridi, zilindele ukunwetshwa okungenakugwemeka kwezinsiza zamandla asabalalisiwe.

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Ukubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi yelanga yomphakathi kungaholela ezikweletini eziphansi zamandla kanye nokuncipha kwekhabhoni. Lolu shintsho luzuzisa kakhulu labo okungenzeka bangabi nazo izinsiza noma indawo yokufaka awabo amaphaneli elanga. Izinkampani, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingasebenzisa amaphrojekthi omphakathi welanga ukuze zibonise ukuzibophezela kwazo ekunakekeleni imvelo, okungathuthukisa isithunzi sazo futhi kukhange kubathengi abaqaphela imvelo.

Imiklamo ye-solar yomphakathi nayo ingadala amathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo, okungaholela ekwandeni kwemali engenayo kanye nezinga lempilo elingcono kumalungu omphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maphrojekthi angangenisa imali kohulumeni basekhaya ngezintela nezinkokhelo zokuqashisa, ezingatshalwa kabusha emphakathini ukuze kutholwe izinsiza zomphakathi nengqalasizinda. Lokhu kuthuthuka komnotho kungaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, lapho amathuba emisebenzi engase abe nomkhawulo.

Ohulumeni bangazuza ku-solar yomphakathi ngezindlela eziningi. Lawa maphrojekthi angabasiza ukuthi bahlangabezane nezinhloso zabo zamandla avuselelekayo futhi banciphise ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Amaphrojekthi welanga omphakathi nawo angasebenza njengesibonelo sobambiswano phakathi komphakathi nezinkampani ezizimele, akhuthaze ukubambisana phakathi kwemikhakha eyahlukene yomphakathi. Okokugcina, ngokusekela i-solar yomphakathi, ohulumeni banganika izakhamuzi zabo amandla ukuze zibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekushintsheni kwamandla, ukukhuthaza umuzwa wobunikazi kanye nesibopho semvelo. 

Imithelela yelanga lomphakathi

Imithelela ebanzi ye-solar yomphakathi ingase ihlanganise:

• Ukuqeda isidingo sesistimu yophahla oluzoxhaswa ngezimali noma ithengwe kuqala.
• Ukonga imali yabathengi ngokubavikela ezikweletini zamandla ezikhulayo.
• Ukusiza ekusungulweni kobambiswano nabaholi bomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo zendawo.
• Ukusebenzisana namandla ahlanzekile esikalini, isitoreji sebhethri, nezimoto zikagesi ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya okuvela kugridi kagesi.
• Ukusiza ekugwemeni, futhi ekugcineni kuhoxiswe izizinda zikagesi ezindala ezikhipha amakhemikhali ayingozi futhi zingcolise umoya. (Lesi sici sibalulekile njengoba inani elingenakulinganiswa labantu abahola kancane kanye nedlanzana livame ukuhlala endaweni engamamayela angu-30 ezimbonini zamandla aphehlwa ngamalahle.)
• Ukwakha umphakathi ukwazi ukuzinza njengoba inethiwekhi yamandla ahlanzekile ingasekela ama-microgrid anganqamuka kugridi eyinhloko ngesikhathi sokucisha ugesi, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe izibani futhi kusize ukuvikela abantu ekunqamukeni kukagesi.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Ucabanga ukuthi amandla elanga azobona nini ukutholwa okusabalele e-US?
• Uzizwa kanjani ngezinguquko ekuklanyweni kwezolimo, isb, ukusebenzisa indawo yokulima ukwenza amaphrojekthi omphakathi welanga angabangela imiphumela engahlosiwe yemvelo, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi noma ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala?