Ikusasa lolimi lwesiNgisi

“[IsiNgisi] siyasabalala ngoba siyachaza futhi siwusizo." - I-Economist

Esimeni esiqhubekayo sokuhwebelana kwezwe lanamuhla, ulimi seluphenduke umgoqo ongeke washalazelwa. Esikhathini esithile emlandweni wakamuva, abanye babekholelwa ukuthi isiShayina singase sibe ulimi lwakusasa, kodwa namuhla iChina isikhona njengezwe lomhlaba. inani elikhulu labantu abakhuluma isiNgisi. Ukuxhumana kwesiNgisi kuyadlondlobala ngezinkampani ezinkulu neziphazamisayo emhlabeni ezizinze emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi ukuxhumana namazwe omhlaba kuncike kakhulu ekubeni isiNgisi sibe yinto eyodwa.

Ngakho-ke kusemthethweni, isiNgisi sizohlala lapha. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi sizokwazi ukukubona eminyakeni eyi-100 kusukela manje.

Ulimi lwesiNgisi luyisidalwa esinamandla esiye sabhekana nezinguquko eziningi, futhi sizoqhubeka senza kanjalo. Njengoba isiNgisi siya ngokuya siqashelwa njengesisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, sizoba nezinguquko ukuze sihambisane kangcono nendima yaso njengolimi lwamazwe ngamazwe. Imithelela kwamanye amasiko mihle, kodwa okushiwo ulimi lwesiNgisi ngokwalo nakho kukhulu.

Yini Engasho Isikhathi Esidlule Ngekusasa?

Ngokomlando, isiNgisi senziwe lula kaninginingi ukuze lokho esikubhala nesikukhulumayo ngokusemthethweni namuhla kungabukeki kakhulu noma kuzwakale kufana nendlela yendabuko yama-Anglo-Saxon. Ulimi luye lwathatha ngokuqhubekayo izici ezintsha ikakhulukazi ezitholakala eqinisweni lokuthi iningi labantu abakhuluma isiNgisi ababona abomdabu kulo. Ngo-2020 sekubikezelwe ukuthi kuphela I-15% yabantu abakhuluma isiNgisi bazobe bekhuluma isiNgisi bomdabu.

Lokhu akukaze kulahleke ongoti bezilimi. Ngo-1930, isazi sezilimi esiyiNgisi uCharles K. Ogden wasungula lokho akubiza ngokuthi “IsiNgisi esiyisisekelo,” inamagama esiNgisi angu-860 futhi aklanyelwe izilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Nakuba ingazange ibambelele ngaleso sikhathi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isibe nethonya elinamandla elithi “Simplified English,” okuwulimi lwesigodi olusemthethweni lwezokuxhumana ngobuchwepheshe besiNgisi, njengezincwadi zezobuchwepheshe.

Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani isiNgisi Esenziwe Lula sibalulekile kwezokuxhumana ngobuchwepheshe. Ekucabangeni izinzuzo zesu lokuqukethwe, umuntu kufanele acabangele ukubaluleka kokusetshenziswa kabusha kokuqukethwe. Ukusebenzisa kabusha, njengoba kuvela, futhi kunenzuzo enqubweni yokuhumusha.

Ukuhumusha okuqukethwe akuzona izindleko ezincane, kodwa izinkampani zinganciphisa kakhulu lezi zindleko ngokuphinda zisetshenziswe. Lapho kusetshenziswa kabusha, okuqukethwe kusetshenziswa amasistimu enkumbulo yokuhumusha (ama-TMS) ahlonza iyunithi yezinhlamvu zokuqukethwe (umbhalo) osewavele uhunyushiwe. Lokhu kufaniswa kwephethini kunciphisa kakhulu ububanzi benqubo futhi kubhekiselwa kukho njengesici "sokuqukethwe okuhlakaniphile". Kanjalo, ukunciphisa ulimi nokubeka imingcele amagama asetshenzisiwe kuzoholela ekongeni ngesikhathi kanye nezindleko uma kuziwa ekuhumusheni, ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa lawa ma-TMS. Umphumela ongenakugwemeka wesiNgisi Esenziwe Lula ulimi olulula noluphindaphindayo ngaphakathi kokuqukethwe; nakuba ukuphindaphinda okwakhayo, kodwa kuyisicefe ngokufanayo.

In Ukuphatha Okuqukethwe Kwebhizinisi, uCharles Cooper no-Anne Rockley bamele izinzuzo “zesakhiwo esingaguquki, amagama asetshenziswayo angaguquki, nemihlahlandlela yokubhala esezingeni”. Nakuba lezi zinzuzo zingenakuphikwa, kuwukuncipha okusebenzayo kolimi lwesiNgisi, okungenani ngaphakathi komongo wezokuxhumana.

Umbuzo osabisayo ube usuthi, sizobukeka kanjani isiNgisi esikhathini esizayo? Ingabe lokhu ukufa kolimi lwesiNgisi?

Ukuthuthukiswa KwesiNgisi Esisha

Ulimi lwesiNgisi okwamanje lulolongwa abakhuluma amazwe angaphandle, kanye nesidingo sethu sokuxhumana nabo. A ukufunda ngokujulile izilimi ezinhlanu olwenziwa uJohn McWhorter uphakamise ukuthi lapho inani elikhulu lezikhulumi zakwamanye amazwe zifunda ulimi ngokungaphelele, ukususa izingcezu ezingadingekile zohlelo lolimi kuyisici esibalulekile ekulombeni ulimi. Ngakho, ulimi lwesigodi abalukhulumayo lungabhekwa njengenguqulo elula yolimi.

Kodwa-ke, uMcWhorter uphinde aphawule ukuthi okulula noma "okuhlukile" akuhambisani nokuthi "okubi". Enkulumweni ye-TED ejabulisayo, I-Txting iwulimi olubulalayo. JK!!!, wasuka engxoxweni yalokho abakhuluma okungezona abomdabu abakwenzile ngolimi, ukuze aqondise ukunaka kulokho ubuchwepheshe obukwenzile olimini. Uthi, ukuthumela imiyalezo kuwubufakazi bokuthi intsha namuhla “yandisa uhlu lwayo lwezilimi”.

Echaza lokhu njengokuthi “inkulumo eneminwe”—into ehluke ngokuphelele ekubhaleni okusemthethweni—uMcWhorter uthi esikubonayo ngalesi simo empeleni “kuyinkimbinkimbi ephuthumayo” yolimi lwesiNgisi. Le mpikiswano ibeka isiNgisi esilula (ukuthumela umbhalo okungachazwa kalula ngokuthi) njengokuphambana kwe-polar nokwehla. Kunalokho, kuwukucebisa.

KuMcWhorter, ulimi lwesigodi lokuthumela umbhalo lumelela uhlobo olusha lolimi olunesakhiwo esisha ngokuphelele. Akukhona yini lokhu esikufakaza nangesiNgisi Esenziwe Lula? Okugqamayo uMcWhorter ukuthi kungaphezu kwesisodwa isici sempilo yesimanje esishintsha ulimi lwesiNgisi, kodwa amandla aso angaba yinto enhle. Uze abize ukuthumela imiyalezo “ngesimangaliso solimi”.

UMcWhorter akuyena yedwa obona lolu shintsho ngendlela enhle. Ukubuyela kumqondo wolimi lomhlaba wonke noma lwamazwe ngamazwe, The Economist uthi nakuba ulimi lungase lube lula ngoba lusakazeka, “luyasakazeka ngoba luyaveza futhi luwusizo”.

Imithelela Yomhlaba Wonke Yekusasa LesiNgisi

Umhleli ongumsunguli we I-Futurist umagazini wabhala ku-2011 ukuthi umqondo wolimi olulodwa lwendawo yonke muhle kakhulu onamathuba amahle kakhulu obudlelwano bebhizinisi, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi izindleko zokuqeqeshwa kokuqala ziyoba ezingenangqondo. Kodwa-ke, akubonakali kukude kakhulu ukuthi ukuguqulwa kolimi lwesiNgisi kungase kusize inqubekelaphambili yemvelo ekuqondeni kolimi olulodwa olwamukelekayo. Futhi kungase kube isiNgisi esingeke sisasiqaphela emakhulwini eminyaka ezayo. Mhlawumbe umqondo kaGeorge Orwell we Newspeak empeleni umkhathizwe.

Kodwa umbono wokuthi kuzokhulunywa ulimi olulodwa kuphela awubandakanyi izindlela ezahlukene abantu abangebona abomdabu abazijwayeza ngayo isiNgisi. Isibonelo, iNkantolo Yabacwaningi Bamabhuku e-EU isize yaze yashicilela a umhlahlandlela wesitayela ukubhekana nezinkinga ze-EU-isms uma kukhulunywa ngokukhuluma isiNgisi. Umhlahlandlela uqukethe isigatshana esethulweni esinesihloko esithi “Ingabe Kunendaba?” lokho kubhala:

I-European Institutions nayo idinga ukuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle futhi imibhalo yethu idinga ukuhunyushwa—yomibili imisebenzi engenziwa ukusetshenziswa kwamagama angaziwa izikhulumi zomdabu futhi okungenzeka ukuthi ayiveli kuzichazamazwi noma iboniswa incazelo ehlukene.

Ephendula lo mhlahlandlela, The Economist yaphawula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabi kolimi okusasetshenziswa futhi okuqondwa isikhathi esengeziwe akusekho ukusetshenziswa kabi, kodwa ulimi lwesigodi olusha.

As The Economist waveza, “izilimi azinciphi ngempela”, kodwa ziyashintsha. Ngaphandle kokungabaza isiNgisi siyashintsha, futhi ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezizwakalayo kungase kube ngcono ukuba sisamukele kunokuba silwe naso.