Ukuhlanganisa abantu ne-AI ukuze kwakhiwe ama-cyberbrain aphezulu

Ukuhlanganisa abantu ne-AI ukuze kwakhiwe ama-cyberbrain aphezulu
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Ukuhlanganisa abantu ne-AI ukuze kwakhiwe ama-cyberbrain aphezulu

    • Igama lombhali
      UMichael Capitano
    • Umbhali we-Twitter Handle
      @Quantumrun

    Indaba egcwele (KUPHELA sebenzisa inkinobho ethi 'Namathisela EZwini' ukuze ukopishe futhi unamathisele ngokuphephile umbhalo kudokhumenti ye-Word)

    Ingabe ucwaningo lwe-AI endleleni yokusinika wonke ama-cyberbrain?

    Umqondo wezipoki usuneminyaka eyinkulungwane ukhona. Umqondo wokuthi singaba izipoki ngokugcina ukwazi kwethu ngokusebenzisa i-cybernetics umqondo wesimanjemanje. Okwake kwaba ngokwezizinda ze-anime nenganekwane yesayensi manje sekuyasetshenzwa kumalebhu emhlabeni wonke—ngisho nakwamanye amagceke angemuva. Futhi ukufinyelela kulelo qophelo kuseduze kunalokho esikucabangayo.

    Phakathi nengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, sitshelwa ukuba silindele ukuxhumana kobuchopho namakhompiyutha kube yinto evamile. Khohlwa amafoni ahlakaniphile nezinto ezigqokwayo, ubuchopho bethu ngokwabo buzokwazi ukufinyelela ifu. Noma mhlawumbe ubuchopho bethu buyosebenza ngekhompyutha kangangokuthi izingqondo zethu zibe yingxenye yayo. Kodwa okwamanje, izinto ezinjalo eziningi zisebenza-inqubekelaphambili.

    I-AI Drive yakwaGoogle

    Isikhondlakhondla sezobuchwepheshe kanye nomsunguli ongakhathali, u-Google, usebenza ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze bube yisigaba esilandelayo ekuphileni komuntu. Lokhu akuyona imfihlo. Ngamaphrojekthi afana ne-Google Glass, i-Self-Driving Google Car, ukuzuza kwayo kakhulu i-Nest Labs, i-Boston Dynamics, ne-DeepMind (enelabhorethri yayo ekhulayo yobuhlakani bokwenziwa), kunomfutho oqinile wokuvala igebe phakathi kwabantu nemishini, futhi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zehadiwe eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa kanye nokulawula izimpilo zethu.

    Ngenhlanganisela yamarobhothi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini, okunikwa amandla yingcebo yokuziphatha kwabathengi, akungabazeki ukuthi i-Google inezifiso zesikhathi eside ekuxazululeni i-AI. Esikhundleni sokubeka amazwana, i-Google yangidlulisela ekushicilelweni kwayo kwakamuva kocwaningo, lapho ngithole khona amakhulukhulu ezincwadi eziphathelene nokufunda komshini, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nokusebenzisana kwekhompyutha yabantu. Ngaziswe ukuthi inhloso ye-Google ukuhlala “ngokwakhela abantu imikhiqizo ewusizo kakhulu, ngakho sivame ukugxila ezinzuzweni ezisheshayo.”

    Lokho kunengqondo. Esikhathini esifushane, i-Google izimisele ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo ekwazi ukuqoqa idatha yethu yokuziphatha, amaphethini ethu okuxhumana, futhi ilindele esikufunayo ngaphambi kokuba sizazi thina ngokwethu. Njengoba ucwaningo lwe-cybernetics luqhubeka, izikhangiso zomuntu siqu ezihlosiwe zingashintsha zibe ukuguquguquka kwe-neurocognitive, nemibono ithunyelwa ngokuqondile ebuchosheni bethu ukuze sifune umkhiqizo othile.

    Ukuzuza Ubunye

    Ukuze kwenzeke lesi simo esingenhla, ubunye—lapho abantu namakhompyutha ehlangana njengento eyodwa—kufanele kufezwe kuqala. U-Ray Kurzweil, umsunguli ohlonishwayo, i-futurist ephawulekayo kanye Nomqondisi Wezobunjiniyela kwa-Google, unomfutho nombono wokubona lokho kwenzeka. Ubelokhu enza izibikezelo ezinembile kubuchwepheshe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Futhi uma eqinisile, abantu bayobe bebhekene nezwe elisha elikhulu.

    Izandiso zobuchopho zokwenziwa zisesandleni sakhe; U-Kurzweil okwamanje usebenza ekuthuthukiseni ubuhlakani bomshini nokuqonda kolimi lwemvelo kwa-Google. Uveze ukuthi ikusasa eliseduze lizobukeka kanjani uma ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngendlela eyenza ngayo.

    Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo i-AI izohambisana nobuhlakani bomuntu, futhi ngokusheshisa ukukhula kobuchwepheshe, i-AI izobe isihamba kakhulu ngaphezu kobuhlakani bomuntu. Imishini izokwabelana ngolwazi lwayo ngokuphazima kweso futhi ama-nanorobots azohlanganiswa emizimbeni nasebuchosheni bethu, okwandisa isikhathi sethu sokuphila nobuhlakani. Ngo-2030, ama-neocortices ethu azoxhunywa efwini. Futhi lokhu kuyisiqalo nje. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu kungenzeka kuthathe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuletha ubuhlakani bethu lapho bukhona namuhla, kodwa usizo lwezobuchwepheshe luzosiqhubezela izikhathi ezingamashumi ezinkulungwane ngaphezu kwalokho esikhathini esingaphansi kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka. Ngo-2045, u-Kurzweil ubikezela ukuthi ukuhlakanipha okungezona izinto eziphilayo kuzoqala ukuklama nokuzithuthukisa ngokwayo emijikelezweni esheshayo; intuthuko izokwenzeka ngokushesha kangangokuthi ubuhlakani bomuntu obujwayelekile ngeke busakwazi ukuhambisana.

    Ukushaya i-Turing Test

    I-Turing Test, eyethulwa ngu-Alan Turing ngo-1950, ingumdlalo phakathi kwabantu namakhompyutha lapho ijaji linezingxoxo ezimbili zemizuzu emihlanu ngekhompyutha—enye nomuntu neyodwa nge-AI.

    Ijaji libe selidinga ukunquma ngokusekelwe ezingxoxweni ukuthi ubani. Umgomo omkhulu uwukulingisa ukuxhumana kwabantu kuze kube yilapho ijaji lingaqapheli ukuthi baxoxa nekhompyutha.

    Muva nje, i-chatbot eyaziwa ngokuthi u-Eugene Goostman imenyezelwe ukuthi iphumelele i-Turing Test ngamamajini amancane. Nokho, abagxeki bayo basalokhu bengabaza. Ezenza umfana oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala wase-Ukraine, nesiNgisi njengolimi lwakhe lwesibili, uGoostman wakwazi ukukholisa amajaji ayi-10 kwangu-30 eRoyal Society ukuthi ungumuntu. Nokho, labo abakhulume naye abaqiniseki. Isimangalo inkulumo yakhe izwakala njengerobhothi, ukulingisa nje, okokwenziwa.

    I-AI, okwamanje, isalokhu iyinkohliso. Izingcezu zesofthiwe ezinamakhodi ahlakaniphile zingazenzisa ingxoxo, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi ikhompuyutha izicabangela yona. Khumbula isiqephu esivela ku Inombolo3rs eyayine-supercomputer kahulumeni eyayithi ixazulule i-AI. Konke kwakuyintuthu nezibuko. I-avatar yomuntu okungaxhunyanwa nayo kwakuyi-façade. Ingaphindaphinda ingxoxo yomuntu ngokuphelele, kodwa ingakwazi ukwenza okunye okuningi. Njengawo wonke ama-chatbot, isebenzisa i-AI ethambile, okusho ukuthi isebenzisa i-algorithm ehleliwe encike kusizindalwazi ukuze ikhethe imiphumela efanele yokokufaka kwethu. Ukuze imishini ifunde kithi, izodinga ukuqoqa idatha ngokwayo emaphethini ethu nemikhuba, bese isebenzisa lolo lwazi ekuhlanganyeleni okuzayo.

    Ukuba I-Avatar Yakho

    Ngokuthuthuka kwenkundla yezokuxhumana, cishe wonke umuntu manje usenempilo kuwebhu. Kodwa kuthiwani uma lokho kuphila bekungahlelwa, ukuze abanye bakhulume nakho futhi bacabange ukuthi nguwe? UKurzweil unohlelo lwalokho. Ucashunwe efuna ukubuyisela uyise ongasekho ekuphileni ngokusebenzisa i-avatar yekhompyutha. Ehlome ngeqoqo lezinhlamvu ezindala, imibhalo, nezithombe, unethemba lokuthi ngelinye ilanga uyosebenzisa lolo lwazi, ngenkumbulo yakhe njengosizo, ukuze ahlele umfanekiso kayise.

    Engxoxweni abe nayo ne-ABC Nightline, u-Kurzweil uthe "[c]ukwenza isithombe salolu hlobo kungenye yezindlela zokuhlanganisa lolo lwazi ngendlela abantu abangaxhumana ngayo. Kuwumuntu ngokwemvelo ukweqa imikhawulo". Uma uhlelo olunjalo luba ngolwejwayelekile, lungaba yisikhumbuzo esisha. Kunokuba sishiye umlando wethu, ingabe singashiya isipoki sethu esikhundleni salokho?

    Ukwenza ikhompuyutha Izingqondo zethu

    Ngokubikezela kukaKurzweil, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okukhudlwana okulindelwe. Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe, singakwazi yini ukuzuza ukungafi kwe-electronic futhi sifinyelele iqophelo lapho izingqondo ziphelele zingadawunilodeka futhi zenziwe nge-computer?

    Eminyakeni edlule, phakathi nezifundo zami ze-cognitive neuroscience, ingxoxo yaqhubekela esihlokweni sokwazi. Ngikhumbula uprofesa wami enza isitatimende, “Ngisho noma singakwazi ukwenza imephu yobuchopho bomuntu futhi sikhiqize imodeli yekhompiyutha ephelele, singasho ukuthini umphumela wokulingisa uyafana nokuqaphela?”

    Cabanga ngosuku lapho wonke umzimba nengqondo yomuntu kungenziwa umshini onokuskena ubuchopho nje. Lokho kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi ukuze ungubani. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ebuchosheni nasemizimbeni yethu kungagcina ubunikazi buqhubeka, futhi ngalawo mandla kunombuzo wokuthi ukushintshela emshinini kuhilelani. Nakuba ama-doppelgangers ethu enziwe ngomshini angase aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-Turing, ingabe lokho kuba khona okusha kungaba yimi? Noma ingabe kwakuyoba yimi kuphela uma umzimba wami wokuqala womuntu wawucisha? Ingabe ama-nuances asebuchosheni bami, afakwe kuzakhi zofuzo zami angadluliswa? Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe buzosiholela endaweni lapho singahlehlisa khona ubuchopho bomuntu, ingabe siyoke sikwazi ukuhlehlisa-unjiniyela abantu ngabanye?

    UKurzweil ucabanga kanjalo. Ebhala kusizindalwazi sakhe, uthi:

    Ekugcineni sizokwazi ukuskena yonke imininingwane ebalulekile yobuchopho bethu ngaphakathi, sisebenzisa izigidigidi zama-nanobots kuma-capillaries. Singakwazi ke ulwazi. Ngokusebenzisa ukukhiqiza okusekelwe ku-nanotechnology, singadala kabusha ubuchopho bakho, noma okungcono nokho sibubuyisele endaweni esebenza kangcono yekhompuyutha.

    Maduze nje, sizobe sigijima sizungeze umzimba wonke wokufakelwa ukuze sigcine ama-cyberbrains ethu. I-anime, Ghost in the Shell,ihlanganisa umbutho wezokuvikela okhethekile wokulwa nezigebengu zama-inthanethi—okuyingozi kakhulu okungagqekeza umuntu. Ghost in the Shell yasungulwa phakathi nekhulu lama-21. Ngokwezibikezelo zikaKurzweil, isikhathi sesikhathi salelo kusasa elingenzeka silungile ekuhlosweni.

     

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