Ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela: Kungani ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela bungathuthuki ngokushesha ngokwanele?

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• Igama lomlobi

  I-Quantumrun Foresight
• September 19, 2022

Isifinyezo sokuqonda

Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lwagqamisa isidingo esibalulekile sokufinyeleleka kwezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi kubantu abakhubazekile. Ngaphandle kwenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe, imakethe yobuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka ibhekene nezinselelo ezifana nokuxhaswa ngezimali okuncane kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwalabo abadinga usizo. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela kungaholela ezinguqukweni ezibanzi zomphakathi, okuhlanganisa namathuba emisebenzi athuthukisiwe kubantu abakhubazekile, izinyathelo zomthetho zokufinyelela okungcono, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yomphakathi kanye nemfundo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka umongo

Ubhubhane lwembula ukubaluleka kokufinyelela emikhiqizweni nasezinsizeni eziku-inthanethi; lesi sidingo besibonakala ikakhulukazi kubantu abakhubazekile. Ubuchwepheshe bokusiza bubhekisela kunoma iyiphi idivayisi noma isofthiwe esiza abantu abakhubazekile ukuba bazimele, okuhlanganisa ukunika amandla ukufinyelela kumasevisi aku-inthanethi. Imboni igxile ekuklameni nasekukhiqizeni izihlalo zabakhubazekile, izinsiza-kuzwa, ezokwenziwa, futhi, muva nje, izixazululo ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe njengama-chatbots kanye ne-artificial intelligence (AI) interfaces kumafoni namakhompyutha.

NgokweBhange Lomhlaba, abantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini eziyinkulungwane banokukhubazeka okuthile, abangamaphesenti angu-80 abahlala emazweni asathuthuka. Abantu abanokukhubazeka babhekwa njengeqembu elincane elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Futhi ngokungafani nezinye izimpawu zokuzazi, ukukhubazeka akumi ndawonye - noma ubani angaba nokukhubazeka noma nini empilweni yakhe.

Isibonelo sobuchwepheshe obusizayo yi-BlindSquare, uhlelo lokusebenza oluzikhulumelayo olutshela abasebenzisi abangakwazi ukubona okwenzekayo eduze kwabo. Isebenzisa i-GPS ukulandelela indawo nokuchaza indawo ezungezile ngomlomo. Esikhumulweni Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-Toronto Pearson, ukuzulazula nge-BlindSquare kwenziwa kwaba nokwenzeka yi-Smart Beacons. Lawa amadivayisi e-Bluetooth angamandla aphansi aphawula umzila owodwa ekusukeni Kwasekhaya. Ama-Smart Beacons ahlinzeka ngezimemezelo ama-smartphone angafinyelela kuzo. Lezi zimemezelo zifaka phakathi ulwazi olumayelana nezindawo ezizungezile ozithakaselayo, njengokuthi ungena kuphi, uthole ukuhlolwa kokuphepha, noma indawo yokuwasha eseduze, isitolo sekhofi, noma izindawo ezilungele izilwane ezifuywayo. 

Umthelela ophazamisayo

Iziqalo eziningi bezisebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka. Isibonelo, inkampani ezinze e-Ecuador, i-Talov, yakha amathuluzi amabili okuxhumana, i-SpeakLiz ne-Vision. I-SpeakLiz yethulwa ngo-2017 kwabangezwa kahle; uhlelo lokusebenza luguqula amagama abhaliwe abe umsindo, luhumushe amagama akhulunywayo, futhi lungakwazi ukwazisa umuntu onzima ukuzwa ngemisindo efana nezinsimbi ze-ambulensi nezithuthuthu.

Khonamanjalo, Umbono wethulwa ngo-2019 kwabangaboni kahle; uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisa i-AI ukuguqula izithombe zesikhathi sangempela noma izithombe ezisuka kukhamera yeselula zibe amagama adlalwa ngesipikha sefoni. Isofthiwe ye-Talov isetshenziswa abantu abangaphezu kuka-7,000 emazweni angu-81 futhi itholakala ngezilimi ezingu-35. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Talov yaqanjwa phakathi kweziqalo eziphezulu ezingu-100 ezintsha kakhulu e-Latin America ngo-2019. Nokho, le mpumelelo ayilethi abatshalizimali abanele. 

Yize kube nokuthuthuka okuningi kwezobuchwepheshe, abanye bathi imakethe yobuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka ayikaqalwa kangako. Izinkampani ezinjengoTalov, ezenze izinguquko ezinhle ezimpilweni zamakhasimende azo, ngokuvamile aziyitholi impumelelo njengamanye amabhizinisi aseSilicon Valley. 

Ngaphezu kokuntuleka kwezimali, ubuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka abufinyeleleki kwabaningi. Ngokwe-World Health Organization, abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili bazodinga uhlobo oluthile lomkhiqizo wokusiza ngo-2030. Nokho, oyedwa kuphela kwabayishumi odinga usizo okwazi ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obungabasiza. Izithiyo ezifana nezindleko eziphezulu, ingqalasizinda enganele, nokuntuleka kwemithetho egunyaza ukufinyelela kulobu buchwepheshe kuvimbela abantu abaningi abakhubazekile ukuba babe nezinsiza abazidingayo ukuze zibasize ekuzimele.

Imithelela yobuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka

Imithelela ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka ingase ihlanganise: 

• Ukukhuphuka kokuqashwa kwabantu abakhubazekile njengobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela kungase kwenze laba bantu baphinde bangene emakethe yezabasebenzi.
• Ukwanda kwamaqembu omphakathi afaka amacala ngokumelene nezinkampani ngenxa yezinsizakalo zazo ezingafinyeleleki nezisetshenziswa, kanye nokuntuleka kokutshalwa kwezimali kwendawo yokuhlala kobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela.
• Intuthuko yakamuva ekubonweni kwekhompuyutha nokuqashelwa kwento kuhlanganiswa kubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela ukuze kudalwe imihlahlandlela ye-AI nabasizi abangcono.
• Ohulumeni abaphasisa izinqubomgomo ezisekela amabhizinisi ekudaleni noma ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela.
• I-Big Tech iqala kancane kancane ukuxhasa ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe bokufinyelela ngenkuthalo.
• Ukuzizwisa okuthuthukisiwe kokuthenga ku-inthanethi kubathengi abangaboni kahle, namawebhusayithi ahlanganisa izincazelo eziningi zomsindo nezinketho zempendulo ezithintekayo.
• Izikole nezikhungo zemfundo zilungisa amakharikhulamu azo nezindlela zokufundisa ukuze zibandakanye ubuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka okwengeziwe, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwemiphumela yokufunda yabafundi abakhubazekile.
• Amasistimu wezokuthutha zomphakathi athuthukiswayo ukuze afake ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela sokufinyeleleka, okwenza uhambo lube lula kakhulu futhi lubandakanye kubantu abanezinselele zokuhamba.

Imibuzo okufanele icatshangelwe

• Izwe lakini libuthuthukisa kanjani noma libusekela kanjani ubuchwepheshe bokufinyelela?
• Yini enye ohulumeni abangayenza ukuze babeke phambili ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokufinyeleleka?